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Serum levels of IgG antibodies against oxidized LDL and atherogenic indices in HIV-1-infected patients treated with protease inhibitors

  • Joel da Cunha , Luciana Morganti Ferreira Maselli , Arïcio Treitinger , Andrea Moreira Monteiro , Magnus Gidlund , Raul Cavalcanti Maranhão , Celso Spada and Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: October 26, 2012
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Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)
From the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) Volume 51 Issue 2

Abstract

Background: Antibodies against low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) that have been oxidized are associated with development of atherosclerotic lesions. In individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with or without therapy, dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular risk are observed.

Methods: Serum levels of IgG antibodies against oxidized LDLs (IgG anti-oxLDL Abs) were determined by assay in 151 HIV-1-infected patients. Of these, 42 patients did not receive anti-retroviral therapy (ART-naïve), whereas 109 received highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) consisting of lopinavir/ritonavir (LOP/r; n=50), efavirenz (EFV; n=30) and nevirapine (NVP; n=29) associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. HIV-1 seronegative individuals (n=43) participated in the study. The following parameters were quantified: total cholesterol and its fractions, atherogenic indices (AIs), apolipoproteins A1 and B100, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and HIV-1-RNA.

Results: Levels of IgG anti-oxLDL Abs were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the LOP/r group compared with the EFV and/or NVP and the seronegative group: median 0.32 (0.15, 0.58; 95% confidence interval) vs. 0.25 (0.13, 0.53) vs. 0.18 (0.04, 0.38), respectively. HIV-1-infected ART-naïve patients (n=42) presented antibodies levels similar to those observed for the LOP/r group, 0.33 (0.13, 0.63; p>0.05). The levels of IgG anti-oxLDL Abs correlated with an increase in AIs (r=0.216; p=0.036) and triglycerides (r=0.220; p=0.044) in the LOP/r group, and AIs in the ART-naïve group (r=0.300; p=0.046).

Conclusions: Patients treated with LOP/r showed higher levels of IgG anti-oxLDL Abs compared with patients treated with EFV or NVP regimens, and these levels were associated with an increase in AIs.

Keywords: atherogenic indices; highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART); HIV-1; IgG anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibodies; protease inhibitors
Corresponding author: Prof. Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology, Associate Professor of Hematology, Director, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM-31), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, 1 andar, sala 43, 05403-000 São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Phone/Fax: +55-11-3082-2398

We wish to thank Professor Manoel Rosa de Oliveira Lino (PhD), the Department of Informatics and Statistics from the Federal University of Santa Catarina, for his contributions to our statistical analyses. This study was financially supported with resources from National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq), The State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and The National Institute of Science and Technology of Complex Fluids (INCT-FCx).

Conflict of interest statement

Authors’ conflict of interest disclosure: The authors stated that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Research funding: None declared.

Employment or leadership: None declared.

Honorarium: None declared.

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Received: 2012-04-07
Accepted: 2012-08-20
Published Online: 2012-10-26
Published in Print: 2013-02-01

©2013 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2012-0225
Keywords for this article
atherogenic indices; highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART); HIV-1; IgG anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibodies; protease inhibitors

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  1. Letters to the Editor
  2. Performance evaluation of three different immunoassays for detection of antibodies to hepatitis B core
  3. Serum homocysteine concentrations in Chinese children with autism
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  5. Interference of hemoglobin (Hb) N-Baltimore on measurement of HbA1c using the HA-8160 HPLC method
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  17. Lessons from controversy: biomarkers evaluation
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  19. Trials and tribulations in lupus anticoagulant testing
  20. Reviews
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  22. Chronic Chagas disease: from basics to laboratory medicine
  23. General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
  24. Shop for quality or quantity? Volumes and costs in clinical laboratories
  25. Minor improvement of venous blood specimen collection practices in primary health care after a large-scale educational intervention
  26. Evaluation of high resolution gel β2-transferrin for detection of cerebrospinal fluid leak
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