词义联想与汉语二语量词习得
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小潞 王
小潞 王 女, 1956 年生于浙江金华，博士，浙江大学宁波理工学院外国语学院教授、院长，浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院、浙江大学语言与认知研究中心教授、博士生导师，澳大利亚西悉尼大学 (Western Sydney University) 人文与传媒艺术学院兼职教授，研究兴趣主要为认知语言学、心理语言学、神经语言学、汉语国际教育等，主要论著、译著有《汉语隐喻认知与ERP 神经成像》、Brain, Mind, & Consciousness 等，主持国家社科基金重大项目 “汉语非字面语言认知的神经心理机制研究”。Wang Xiaolu is Professor & Dean of School of Foreign Language Studies, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, China; Professor of the International Studies & the Center for the Study of Language and Cognition, Zhejiang University, China; and Adjunct Professor of Humanities & Communication Arts，Western Sydney University, Australia.
and
婉 任
婉 任 女，1991 年出生于湖南岳阳，硕士在读，宾夕法尼亚大学教育学院（Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania），研究兴趣为心理语言学、教育心理学、教育测量与统计。Ren Wan is a graduate student at the Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, USA. Her main research interests lie in psycholinguistics, educational psychology, and educational measurement & statistics.
基金项目：中国国家社会科学基金重大项目“汉语非字面语言认知的神经心理机制研究” （14ZDB155）阶段性研究成果。
提要
量词是汉语重要词类之一，但汉语二语者的量词使用偏误却很难消除。为促进汉语二语量词习得，本文通过研究汉语量词的习得和运用规律，归纳了汉语量词的四种词义联想方式：原型联想、形象联想、隐喻联想和转喻联想；对浙江大学 40 位汉语二语中高级学习者的汉语量词习得情况进行的问卷调查，验证了词义联想在汉语二语量词习得过程中的重要作用。鉴于此，我们有理由相信：面对丰富而复杂的汉语量词体系，通过词义联想构建一个具有激活扩散特性的量词语义联想网络是寻找量词的记忆规律、促进量词习得的有效途径。
Abstract
Numeral classifiers, as one of the major lexical categories in Chinese is a crucial but elusive concept for Chinese as Second Language (CSL) learners to fully understand and completely grasp. According to the theories of iconicity in language, semantic association, the Hierarchical Network Model and the Spreading Activation Model of semantic memory, we do believe that there should be some semantic information which can be employed to associate between the Chinese numeral classifier and the related noun or verb. To facilitate the process of classifier acquisition for CSL learners, this paper tries to dig into the principles governing Chinese classifier acquisition and to find out the critical relationship between Chinese classifiers and their particular usage by summing up four kinds of lexical association strategies, including prototypical association, image association, metaphorical association and metonymical association. To test the validity of these strategies, a questionnaire, which is composed of the subject’s background information and three tests, was completed by 40 international students at Zhejiang University. By means of analyzing the results of the questionnaire, the essential role that lexical association plays in the acquisition of Chinese classifiers is verified. On the basis of the analysis, it is summarized in the paper that the four lexical association strategies are helpful for us (1) to construct a spreading activation model of semantic memory for the collocation of Chinese numeral classifiers, (2) to promote the direct connection between the Chinese numeral classifier and the related noun or verb, and (3) to facilitate the teaching of Chinese numeral classifiers to CSL learners. It is still unclear at this point whether it is the use of lexical association that improves the CSL learners’ acquisition of Chinese numeral classifiers or it is the CSL learner’s higher proficiency of Chinese numeral classifiers that inspires the application of lexical association strategies. Whatever it is, the results of the survey indicate that there does exist a close relationship between the acquisition of Chinese numeral classifiers and the lexical association. Based on the research results, we are convinced that the spreading activation model of semantic memory for the collocation of Chinese numeral classifiers constructed by lexical association can help us find out the laws for taking the Chinese numeral classifiers into our memory and that this model should be an effective approach to the acquisition of Chinese numeral classifiers for CSL learners. In addition, with the combination of the lexical association strategies, the CSL learners will more easily collocate and activate a particular Chinese numeral classifier and the related noun or verb and improve its deep processing so as to gradually build a cognitive system of Chinese numeral classifiers for CSL learners.
About the authors
小潞 王 女, 1956 年生于浙江金华，博士，浙江大学宁波理工学院外国语学院教授、院长，浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院、浙江大学语言与认知研究中心教授、博士生导师，澳大利亚西悉尼大学 (Western Sydney University) 人文与传媒艺术学院兼职教授，研究兴趣主要为认知语言学、心理语言学、神经语言学、汉语国际教育等，主要论著、译著有《汉语隐喻认知与ERP 神经成像》、Brain, Mind, & Consciousness 等，主持国家社科基金重大项目 “汉语非字面语言认知的神经心理机制研究”。
Wang Xiaolu is Professor & Dean of School of Foreign Language Studies, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, China; Professor of the International Studies & the Center for the Study of Language and Cognition, Zhejiang University, China; and Adjunct Professor of Humanities & Communication Arts，Western Sydney University, Australia.
婉 任女，1991 年出生于湖南岳阳，硕士在读，宾夕法尼亚大学教育学院（Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania），研究兴趣为心理语言学、教育心理学、教育测量与统计。
Ren Wan is a graduate student at the Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, USA. Her main research interests lie in psycholinguistics, educational psychology, and educational measurement & statistics.
基金项目：中国国家社会科学基金重大项目“汉语非字面语言认知的神经心理机制研究” （14ZDB155）阶段性研究成果。
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Papers in English
- Introduction to a thematic review: Pragmatics research in Chinese as a second language
- Pragmatic competence of heritage learners of Chinese and its relationship to social contact
- Development in the use of Chinese mitigation in interaction
- Epistemic stance in Chinese heritage language writing – A developmental view
- An exploratory study on the role of foreign language aptitudes in instructed pragmatics learning in L2 Chinese
- Papers in Chinese
- 词义联想与汉语二语量词习得
- 英语母语学生的汉语情态动词习得
- 留学生汉语写作策略训练模式实验研究
- 人类空间、时间感知对人类语言结构的普遍影响：语义距离象似性跟可别度领先象似性及其引申
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Papers in English
- Introduction to a thematic review: Pragmatics research in Chinese as a second language
- Pragmatic competence of heritage learners of Chinese and its relationship to social contact
- Development in the use of Chinese mitigation in interaction
- Epistemic stance in Chinese heritage language writing – A developmental view
- An exploratory study on the role of foreign language aptitudes in instructed pragmatics learning in L2 Chinese
- Papers in Chinese
- 词义联想与汉语二语量词习得
- 英语母语学生的汉语情态动词习得
- 留学生汉语写作策略训练模式实验研究
- 人类空间、时间感知对人类语言结构的普遍影响：语义距离象似性跟可别度领先象似性及其引申
