Startseite Therapeutic strategies to fight HIV-1 latency: progress and challenges
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Therapeutic strategies to fight HIV-1 latency: progress and challenges

  • Sello Lebohang Manoto EMAIL logo , Lebogang Thobakgale , Rudzani Malabi , Charles Maphanga , Saturnin Ombinda-Lemboumba und Patience Mthunzi-Kufa
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 31. Oktober 2017
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Biologia
Aus der Zeitschrift Biologia Band 72 Heft 10

Abstract

The life-long persistence of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in latent reservoirs is a major hurdle in the eradication of HIV-1, even though highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can be effective in reducing the plasma HIV-1 RNA to less than 50 copies per mL, which is below the detection limit of most clinical assays. In the latent reservoirs the provirus is integrated in the host genome but does not actively replicate and thus is not inhibited by HAART or recognized by the host immune system. There has been increasing scientific interest and investment into research towards HIV cure due to the challenges and limitation of life long treatment. The various strategies that have been developed aim to activate gene expression in HIV latent cells which might lead to the elimination of the virus by HAART or the immune system. In this review we discuss latency and therapeutic approaches that are being evaluated to eradicate HIV latently infected cells to overcome the burden of life long HAART. In addition, we explore the possibility of delivering HAART in latently infected cells using femtosecond laser pulses, a topic closely studied in our research.

Key words: HIV; highly active antiretroviral therapy; latency; femtosecond laser pulses

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research and the Department of Science and Technology of South Africa for providing support.

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Abbreviations

AIDS

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

AP1

activator protein 1

BAF

BRG-Brahma associated factors

BAFi

BAF inhibitors

bNAbs

broadly neutralizing antibodies

BRD

bromodomain

BET

bromodomain and extraterminal domain

CDK9

cyclin dependent kinase 9

CNS

central nervous system

COUP

chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter

CRISPR

clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

CTLs

cytotoxic T lymphocytes

CycT1

cyclin T1

DNMTI

DNA methyltransferase inhibitors

HAART

highly active antiretroviral therapy

HDACi

histone deacetylase inhibitors

HDACs

histone deacetylases

HEXIM-1

HMBA-induced protein 1

HMBA

hexamethylene bisacetamide

HMTI

histone methyltransferase inhibitors

HMTS

histone methyltransferases

HSV

Herpes Simplex Virus

I?B-α

inhibitor of kappa B alpha

IL

interleukin

Jak

Janus kinase

LTR

long terminal repeat

MBD2

methyl-CpG binding domain protein 2

NF1

nuclear factor 1

NFAT

nuclear factor of activated T cells

NFκB

nuclear factor kappa B

PD1

programmed cell death protein 1

PKC

protein kinase C

p-TEFb

positive transcription elongation factor b

siRNA

small interfering RNA

SP1

specificity protein 1

STAT

signal transducer and activator of transcription

TCF-1α

transcription factor 1 alpha

TK

thymidine kinase

TLRs

toll-like receptors

UBP-1

upstream binding protein 1

USF

upstream stimulatory factor

Received: 2017-5-12
Accepted: 2017-10-22
Published Online: 2017-10-31
Published in Print: 2017-10-26

© 2017 Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Cellular and Molecular Biology
  2. Therapeutic strategies to fight HIV-1 latency: progress and challenges
  3. Zoology
  4. Detection of schistosomiasis applicable for primary health care facilities in endemic regions of Africa
  5. Botany
  6. Genetic and morphological diversity in Geranium dissectum (Sec. Dissecta, Geraniaceae) populations
  7. Botany
  8. Optical properties of halophyte leaves are affected by the presence of salt on the leaf surface
  9. Botany
  10. The crosstalk between ABA, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and calcium in stomatal closing of Arabidopsis thaliana
  11. Botany
  12. Optimization of the pollen-tube pathway method of plant transformation using the Yellow Cameleon 3.6 calcium sensor in Solanum lycopersicum
  13. Cellular and Molecular Biology
  14. Differential effects of plant growth regulators on physiology, steviol glycosides content, and antioxidant capacity in micropropagated tissues of Stevia rebaudiana
  15. Zoology
  16. Characteristics of matrix of the invasive freshwater Ectoprocta species Pectinatella magnifica
  17. Zoology
  18. Relative growth and reproductive cycle of the hermaphroditic Cardites antiquatus (Mollusca: Bivalvia) collected from the Bizerte channel (northern Tunisia)
  19. Zoology
  20. Tegolophus glycyglabri sp. n. (Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae), a new species from Iran
  21. Zoology
  22. Karyotype characteristics and polymorphism peculiarities of Chironomus luridus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Central and Northwest Caucasus
  23. Zoology
  24. Reptile surveys reveal high species richness in areas recovering from mining activity in the Brazilian Cerrado
  25. Zoology
  26. The porcupine as “Little Thumbling”: The role of Hystrix cristata in the spread of Helianthus tuberosus
  27. Cellular and Molecular Biology
  28. Distribution of telocytes in the corpus and cervix of human uterus: an immunohistochemical study
  29. Zoology
  30. First record of mermithid larva (Nematoda: Mermithidae) in Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) imago in Central-Europe
https://doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2017-0131
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
HIV; highly active antiretroviral therapy; latency; femtosecond laser pulses

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Cellular and Molecular Biology
  2. Therapeutic strategies to fight HIV-1 latency: progress and challenges
  3. Zoology
  4. Detection of schistosomiasis applicable for primary health care facilities in endemic regions of Africa
  5. Botany
  6. Genetic and morphological diversity in Geranium dissectum (Sec. Dissecta, Geraniaceae) populations
  7. Botany
  8. Optical properties of halophyte leaves are affected by the presence of salt on the leaf surface
  9. Botany
  10. The crosstalk between ABA, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and calcium in stomatal closing of Arabidopsis thaliana
  11. Botany
  12. Optimization of the pollen-tube pathway method of plant transformation using the Yellow Cameleon 3.6 calcium sensor in Solanum lycopersicum
  13. Cellular and Molecular Biology
  14. Differential effects of plant growth regulators on physiology, steviol glycosides content, and antioxidant capacity in micropropagated tissues of Stevia rebaudiana
  15. Zoology
  16. Characteristics of matrix of the invasive freshwater Ectoprocta species Pectinatella magnifica
  17. Zoology
  18. Relative growth and reproductive cycle of the hermaphroditic Cardites antiquatus (Mollusca: Bivalvia) collected from the Bizerte channel (northern Tunisia)
  19. Zoology
  20. Tegolophus glycyglabri sp. n. (Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae), a new species from Iran
  21. Zoology
  22. Karyotype characteristics and polymorphism peculiarities of Chironomus luridus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Central and Northwest Caucasus
  23. Zoology
  24. Reptile surveys reveal high species richness in areas recovering from mining activity in the Brazilian Cerrado
  25. Zoology
  26. The porcupine as “Little Thumbling”: The role of Hystrix cristata in the spread of Helianthus tuberosus
  27. Cellular and Molecular Biology
  28. Distribution of telocytes in the corpus and cervix of human uterus: an immunohistochemical study
  29. Zoology
  30. First record of mermithid larva (Nematoda: Mermithidae) in Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) imago in Central-Europe
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