Hardpan in skeletal soils: Statistical approach to determine its depth in a cherry orchard plot
-
Ramon Josa
,
Marta Ginovart
Abstract
Skeletal soils are not suitable for agriculture, and often are allocated to marginal uses such as cherry orchards for timber production. These require some agricultural practices (irrigation, soil tillage or weed control) which can contribute to the development of a hardpan. Compacted layers can adversely affect timber production, so subsoiling works are required. This study examined the effect of six years of tillage on hardpan formation in a skeletal soil by means of mechanical impedance measurements with a dynamic penetrometer cone (dynamic cone test), a method that is quick and easy to use, but can suffer from interference by stones. Mechanical impedances along the soil profile were measured in four plots differing in tillage (with or without) and drip irrigation (with or without) treatments. Exploratory data analysis together with statistical inference techniques related to linear general models were applied. The presence of a transitional layer on top of the hardpan is suggested in the non-tilled plot and soil depth that can be explored easily by roots has increased by 20 cm.
References
Alaoui A., Lipiec J. & Gerke H.H. 2011. A review of the changes in the soil pore system due to soil deformation: A hydrodynamic perspective. Soil Till. Res. 115-116: 1-15.10.1016/j.still.2011.06.002Suche in Google Scholar
Arocena J.M. 2000. Cations in solution from forest soils subjected to forest floor removal and compaction treatments. Forest Ecol. Manage. 133: 71-80.10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00299-6Suche in Google Scholar
Athapaththu A.M.R.G. & Tsuchida T. 2014. Characterization of inherent random heterogeneity of weathered granite. Int. J. of GEOMATE 7: 1025-1032.10.21660/2014.14.140709Suche in Google Scholar
Batey T. 2009. Soil compaction and soil management: a review. Soil Use Manage. 25: 335-345.10.1111/j.1475-2743.2009.00236.xSuche in Google Scholar
Batey T. & Mc Kenzie D.C. 2006. Soil compaction: identification directly in the field. Soil Use Manage. 22: 123-131.10.1111/j.1475-2743.2006.00017.xSuche in Google Scholar
Bengough A.G. & Mullins C.E. 1990. Mechanical impedance to root growth: A review of experimental techniques and root growth responses. J. Soil Sci. 41: 341-358. 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1990.tb00070.xSuche in Google Scholar
Bengough A.G. & Young I.M. 1993. Root elongation of seeding peas through layered soil of different penetration resistance.Plant Soil 149: 129-139.10.1007/BF00010770Suche in Google Scholar
Burroughs P.A., Bouma J. & Yatesc S.R. 1994. The state of theart in pedometrics. Geoderma 62: 311-326.10.1016/0016-7061(94)90043-4Suche in Google Scholar
Chaigneau L., Gourves R. & Boissier D. 2000. Compaction control with a dynamic cone penetrometer. Proc. of Int. Workshopon Compaction of Soils, Granulates and Powders, Innsbruck,pp. 103-109.Suche in Google Scholar
Csorba S., Raveloson A., Toth E., Nagy V. & Farkas C. 2014. Modelling soil water content variations under drought stress on soil column cropped with winter wheat. J. Hydrol. Hydromech.62: 269-276.10.2478/johh-2014-0036Suche in Google Scholar
Gibbs R.J. & Reid J.B. 1988. A conceptual model of changes in soil structure under different cropping systems. Adv. Soil Sci.8: 123-149.10.1007/978-1-4613-8771-8_3Suche in Google Scholar
Gourvès R. & Barjot R. 1995. Le penetromètre dynamique leger Panda. Comptes rendus, 11ème congrès Europeen de Mecaniquedes Sols et des Travaux de Fondations, Copenhague,vol 3, pp. 83-88.Suche in Google Scholar
Gregory P.J. 2006. Plant Roots: Growth, Activity and Interaction with Soils. Blackwell, Oxford, 340 pp.10.1002/9780470995563Suche in Google Scholar
Grubbs F.E. 1969. Procedure for detecting outlying observations in samples. Technometrics 11: 1-21.10.1080/00401706.1969.10490657Suche in Google Scholar
Gysi M., Ott A. & Flühler H. 1999. Influence of single passes withhigh wheel load on a structured, unploughed sandy loam soil.Soil Till. Res. 52: 141-151.Suche in Google Scholar
Hĺkansson I. & Reeder R.C. 1994. Subsoil compaction by vehicleswith high axial load-extent, persistence and crop response.Soil Till. Res. 29: 277-304.Suche in Google Scholar
Hamza M.A. & AndersonW.K. 2005. Soil compaction in croppingsystems: A review of the nature, causes and possible solutions.Soil Till. Res. 82: 121-145.Suche in Google Scholar
Hillel D. 1980. Fundamentals of Soil Physics. Academic Press,New York, 415 pp.10.1016/B978-0-08-091870-9.50006-6Suche in Google Scholar
ITGE 1993. Mapa geologico de España. Escala 1:50.000. Mataro.Segunda serie. IGME, Madrid, 25 pp.Suche in Google Scholar
Horn R. & Peth S. 2009. Soil structure formation and managementeffects on gas emission. Biologia 64: 449-453.10.2478/s11756-009-0089-4Suche in Google Scholar
Kaufmann M., Tobias S. & Schulin R. 2009. Development of the mechanical stability of a restored soil during the first 3 years of re-cultivation. Soil Till. Res. 103: 127-136.10.1016/j.still.2008.10.002Suche in Google Scholar
Langton D.D. 1999. The Panda lightweight penetrometer for soil investigation and monitoring material compaction. Ground Engng. 32: 33-37.Suche in Google Scholar
Mapfumo E., Chanasyk D.S., Naeth M.A. & Baron V.S. 1998.Forage growth and yield components as influenced by subsurface compaction. Agron. J. 90: 805-812.10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000060015xSuche in Google Scholar
Minitab Inc. 2007. Minitab Statistical Software, Release 15 for Windows, State College, Pennsylvania. Minitab® is a registered trademark of Minitab Inc.Suche in Google Scholar
Mosaddeghi M.R., Mahboubi A.A. & Safadoust A. 2009. Short term effects of tillage and manure on some soil physical properties and maize root growth in a sandy loam soil in western Iran. Soil Till. Res. 104: 173-179.10.1016/j.still.2008.10.011Suche in Google Scholar
Öpik H. & Rolfe S. 2005. The Physiology of Flowering Plants.Cambridge University Press, 376 pp.10.1017/CBO9781139164450Suche in Google Scholar
Pagliai M. 1998. Changes of pore system following soil compaction,pp. 186-196. In: Van den Akker J.J.H., Arvidsson J., Horn R. (eds), Proceedings of the 1st Workshop of the Concerted Action on Subsoil Compaction. Experience with the Impact and Prevention of Subsoil Compaction in the European Community, Part 2, 28-30. May, 1998. Wageningen.Suche in Google Scholar
Passioura J.B. 2002. Soil conditions and plant growth. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 311-318.10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00802.xSuche in Google Scholar
Schoenholtza S.H., Van Miegroetb H. & Burgerc J.A. 2000. Are view of chemical and physical properties as indicators of forest soil quality: challenges and opportunities. Forest Ecol.Manage. 138: 335-356.10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00423-0Suche in Google Scholar
Topp G.C., ReynoldsW.D., Cook F.J., Kirby J.M. & Carter M.R.1997. Physical attributes of soil quality, pp. 21-58. In: Gregorich E.G. & Carter M.R. (eds), Soil Quality for Crop Production and Ecosystem Health, Elsevier Science Publ. Amsterdam.10.1016/S0166-2481(97)80029-3Suche in Google Scholar
Tracy R.S., Black C.R., Roberts J.A. & Mooney S.J. 2011. Soil compaction: a review of past and present techniques for investigating effects on root growth. J. Sci. Food Agric. 91:1528-1537.10.1002/jsfa.4424Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Unger P.W. & Kaspar T.C. 1994. Soil compaction and root growth: A review. J. Agron. 86: 759-766.10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600050004xSuche in Google Scholar
USDA-NRCS 2004. Soil Survey Laboratory. Methods Manual.Soil Survey Investigations Report, No. 42. Version 4.0, 700pp. Suche in Google Scholar
© Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Hardpan in skeletal soils: Statistical approach to determine its depth in a cherry orchard plot
- Using dye tracer for visualizing roots impact on soil structure and soil porous system
- Alterations in soil aggregate stability of a tropical Ultisol as mediated by changes in land use
- A new method for estimating soil water repellency index
- Particle-size and organic matter effects on structure and water retention of soils
- Depth-dependent heterogeneity of water flow in sandy soil under grass
- Spatial variability of hydrophysical properties of fallow sandy soils
- Effects of vegetation at different succession stages on soil properties and water flow in sandy soil
- Impact of crop residue retention and tillage on water infiltration into a water-repellent soil
- Night-time leaf wetting process and its effect on the morning humidity gradient as a driving force of transpirational water loss in a semi-arid cornfield
- Hoplophthiracarus species (Acari: Oribatida: Phthiracaridae) from China with descriptions of two new species
- A new species of Trhypochthoniellus (Acari: Oribatida: Trhypochthoniidae) from Chile, with remarks on diagnosis of the genus
- New species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of the genera Austrachipteria (Achipteriidae), Cultroribula (Astegistidae) and Microlamellarea (Lamellareidae) from New Zealand
- The genus Apterogyna in Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species and a new record (Hymenoptera: Bradynobaenidae: Apterogyninae)
- The effects of tree age and tree species composition on bird species richness in a Central European montane forest
- Me11b receptor mediated action of melatonin in regulation of lung associated immune system (LAIS) of Perdicula asiatica: An in vitro study
- Importance of urban trees and buildings as daytime roosts for bats
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Hardpan in skeletal soils: Statistical approach to determine its depth in a cherry orchard plot
- Using dye tracer for visualizing roots impact on soil structure and soil porous system
- Alterations in soil aggregate stability of a tropical Ultisol as mediated by changes in land use
- A new method for estimating soil water repellency index
- Particle-size and organic matter effects on structure and water retention of soils
- Depth-dependent heterogeneity of water flow in sandy soil under grass
- Spatial variability of hydrophysical properties of fallow sandy soils
- Effects of vegetation at different succession stages on soil properties and water flow in sandy soil
- Impact of crop residue retention and tillage on water infiltration into a water-repellent soil
- Night-time leaf wetting process and its effect on the morning humidity gradient as a driving force of transpirational water loss in a semi-arid cornfield
- Hoplophthiracarus species (Acari: Oribatida: Phthiracaridae) from China with descriptions of two new species
- A new species of Trhypochthoniellus (Acari: Oribatida: Trhypochthoniidae) from Chile, with remarks on diagnosis of the genus
- New species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of the genera Austrachipteria (Achipteriidae), Cultroribula (Astegistidae) and Microlamellarea (Lamellareidae) from New Zealand
- The genus Apterogyna in Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species and a new record (Hymenoptera: Bradynobaenidae: Apterogyninae)
- The effects of tree age and tree species composition on bird species richness in a Central European montane forest
- Me11b receptor mediated action of melatonin in regulation of lung associated immune system (LAIS) of Perdicula asiatica: An in vitro study
- Importance of urban trees and buildings as daytime roosts for bats
