Home Linguistics & Semiotics Visual accounts of Finnish and Greek teenagers’ perceptions of their multilingual language and literacy practices
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Visual accounts of Finnish and Greek teenagers’ perceptions of their multilingual language and literacy practices

  • Anne Pitkänen-Huhta

    Anne Pitkänen-Huhta, PhD, received her academic training at the universities of Jyväskylä and Lancaster. She works currently as a Senior Lecturer of English at the Department of Language and Communication Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. She is also the Head of the Department of Language and Communication Studies. Her research focuses on multilingual literacy and discourse practices, especially of young people, (foreign) language learning and teaching in formal and informal contexts, and on multilingual language education. Her research employs ethnographic, discourse analytic and visual methods.

    EMAIL logo
    and Anastasia Rothoni

    Anastasia Rothoni holds a PhD in Applied Linguistics from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. She has been a state school English teacher in secondary education in Greece since 2006. She has also taught seminars and workshops in the English Department of the University of Athens for undergraduate students and has participated in programs organized for training future English teachers in Greece. Her research interests lie chiefly in the area of young people’s language and literacy practices and in the field of digital technologies while she is also interested in ethnography, visual methods and multimodality.

Published/Copyright: January 21, 2017

Abstract

This paper uses visual methods to explore how teenagers in two different European countries (Finland and Greece) personally relate to their first language and to English, which is widely used in the everyday lives of young people in both countries. Our data comprise sets of self-made visualizations in which 14- to 16-year-old teenagers depict their personal relationship to their first language (Finnish/Greek) and to English. Theoretically and methodologically, we subscribe to socio-culturally oriented research on (foreign language) literacy and language learning and recent studies on multilingualism. Overall, by offering a detailed account of the variety of representation forms and meaning-making symbols employed by our participants in their visual products, our analysis in this paper highlights the common but also diverse perceptions, values and attitudes that young people from two different European contexts bring to their practices and their encounters with English and other languages in their lives. By revealing the personal meanings and values attached by teenagers to English, our analysis also provides indirect insights into the multiple ways English is locally encountered, appropriated and drawn upon by young people in two different countries to serve their own purposes.

About the authors

Anne Pitkänen-Huhta

Anne Pitkänen-Huhta, PhD, received her academic training at the universities of Jyväskylä and Lancaster. She works currently as a Senior Lecturer of English at the Department of Language and Communication Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. She is also the Head of the Department of Language and Communication Studies. Her research focuses on multilingual literacy and discourse practices, especially of young people, (foreign) language learning and teaching in formal and informal contexts, and on multilingual language education. Her research employs ethnographic, discourse analytic and visual methods.

Anastasia Rothoni

Anastasia Rothoni holds a PhD in Applied Linguistics from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. She has been a state school English teacher in secondary education in Greece since 2006. She has also taught seminars and workshops in the English Department of the University of Athens for undergraduate students and has participated in programs organized for training future English teachers in Greece. Her research interests lie chiefly in the area of young people’s language and literacy practices and in the field of digital technologies while she is also interested in ethnography, visual methods and multimodality.

References

Anderson, Benedict. 1983. Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.Search in Google Scholar

Barton, David & Mary Hamilton. 2000. Literacy practices. In David Barton, Mary Hamilton & Roz Ivanič (eds.), Situated literacies: Reading and writing in context, 7–15. London: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Barton, David. 2007. Literacy: An introduction to the ecology of written language, 2nd edn. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Search in Google Scholar

Baynham, Mike. 1995. Literacy practices: Investigating literacy in social contexts. London: Longman.Search in Google Scholar

Baynham, Mike & Martin Prinsloo. 2001. New directions in literacy research. Language and Education 15(2&3). 83–91.10.1080/09500780108666802Search in Google Scholar

Berns, Margie, Kees de Bot & Uwe Hasebrink (eds.). 2007. In the presence of English: Media and European youth. New York: Springer.10.1007/978-0-387-36894-8Search in Google Scholar

Best, Amy L. 2007. Introduction. In Amy L. Best (ed.), Representing youth, 1–36. New York: New York University Press.10.18574/nyu/9780814739204.003.0004Search in Google Scholar

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1986. The forms of capital. In John G. Richardson (ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education, 241–258. New York: Greenwood Press.Search in Google Scholar

Busch, Brigitta. 2010. School language profiles: Valorizing linguistic resources in heteroglossic situations in South Africa. Language and Education 24(4). 283–294.10.1080/09500781003678712Search in Google Scholar

Canagarajah, Suresh. 2013. Translingual practice: Global Englishes and cosmopolitan relations. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203120293Search in Google Scholar

Dendrinos, Bessie (ed.). 2013. Three years PEAP: From project development to implementation. Athens: RCeL Publications, University of Athens.Search in Google Scholar

Dufva, Hannele, Minna Suni, Mari Aro & Olli-Pekka Salo. 2011. Languages as objects of learning: Language learning as a case of multilingualism. Apples: Journal of Applied Language Studies 5(1). 109–124.Search in Google Scholar

Farmer, Diane & Gail Prasad. 2014. Mise en récit de la mobilité chez les élèves plurilingues: Portraits de langues et photos qui Engagent les jeunes dans une démarche réflexive. Glottopol: Revue de sociolinguistique en ligne 24. http://glottopol.univ-rouen.fr (accessed 10 November 2014).Search in Google Scholar

García, Ofelia. 2009. Bilingual education in the 21st century: A global perspective. New York: Blackwell.Search in Google Scholar

Gee, James Paul. 2008. Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses, 3rd edn. London: Falmer Press.10.4324/9780203944806Search in Google Scholar

Gough, Philip B. 1995. The new literacy: Caveat emptor. Journal of Research in Reading 18(2). 79–86.10.1111/j.1467-9817.1995.tb00074.xSearch in Google Scholar

Griva, Eleni & Panagiota Chouvarda. 2012. Developing plurilingual children: Parents’ beliefs and attitudes towards English language learning and multilingual learning. Global Journal of English Language 2(3). 1–13.10.5430/wjel.v2n3p1Search in Google Scholar

Heller, Monica. 1999. Linguistic minorities and modernity: A sociolinguistic ethnography. London: Longman.Search in Google Scholar

Jaffe, Alexandra. 2007. Minority language movements. In Monica Heller (ed.), Bilingualism: A social approach, 50–70. Basingstoke & New York: Palgrave-MacMillan.10.1057/9780230596047_3Search in Google Scholar

Kalaja, Paula, Hannele Dufva & Riikka Alanen. 2013. Experimenting with visual narratives. In Gary Barkhuizen (ed.), Narratives in applied linguistics, 105–131. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Kanno, Yasuko & Bonny Norton (eds.). 2003. Imagined communities and educational possibilities [Special issue]. Journal of Language, Identity and Education 2(4). 241–249.10.1207/S15327701JLIE0204_1Search in Google Scholar

Karavas, Evdokia. 2014. Parents’ attitudes towards early foreign language instruction in Greek public primary schools: A threat or opportunity for change. International Journal of Early Childhood Learning 20(3). 21–34.10.18848/2327-7939/CGP/v20i03/48422Search in Google Scholar

Kendrick, Maureen & Roberta McKay. 2011. Drawings as an alternative way of understanding young children’s constructions of literacy. In Kate Pahl & Jennifer Rowsell (eds.), Major works in early childhood literacy, 261–283. Sage: Thousand Oaks.Search in Google Scholar

Koutsogiannis, Dimitrios. 2007. A political multi-layered approach to researching children’s digital literacy practices. Language and Education 21(3). 216–231.10.2167/le748.0Search in Google Scholar

Koutsogiannis, Dimitrios. 2009. Discourses in researching children’s digital literacy practices: Reviewing the “home/school mismatch hypothesis”. In Dimitrios Koutsogiannis & Maria Arapopoulou (eds.), Literacy, new technologies and education: Aspects of the local and global, 207–230. Thessaloniki: Zitis.Search in Google Scholar

Kramsch, Claire. 2009. The multilingual subject. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Kramsch, Claire. 2014. Teaching foreign languages in an era of globalization: Introduction. The Modern Language Journal 98(1). 296–311.10.1111/j.1540-4781.2014.12057.xSearch in Google Scholar

Kress, Gunther & Theo van Leeuwen. 2001. Multimodal discourse. London: Edward Arnold.Search in Google Scholar

Kress, Gunther & Theo van Leeuwen. 2006. Reading images: The grammar of visual design. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203619728Search in Google Scholar

Lantolf, James P. & Steven L. Thorne. 2006. Sociocultural theory and the genesis of second language development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Lave, Jean & Etiene Wenger. 1991. Situated learning. Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511815355Search in Google Scholar

Leppänen, Sirpa & Tarja Nikula. 2007. Diverse uses of English in Finnish society: Discourse-pragmatic insights into media, educational and business contexts. Multilingua 26(4). 333–380.10.1515/MULTI.2007.017Search in Google Scholar

Leppänen, Sirpa, Anne Pitkänen-Huhta, Arja Piirainen-Marsh, Tarja Nikula & Saija Peuronen. 2009. Young people’s translocal new media uses: A multiperspective analysis of language choice and heteroglossia. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication 14(4). 1080–1107.10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01482.xSearch in Google Scholar

Leppänen, Sirpa, Anne Pitkänen-Huhta, Tarja Nikula, Samu Kytölä, Timo Törmäkangas, Kari Nissinen, Leila Kääntä, Tiina Räisänen, Mikko Laitinen, Päivi Pahta, Heidi Koskela, Salla Lähdesmäki & Henna Jousmäki. 2011. National survey on the English language in Finland: Uses, meanings and attitudes (Studies in Variation, Contacts and Change in English 5). Helsinki: Research Unit for Variation, Contacts and Change in English.Search in Google Scholar

Lytra, Vally. 2011. Negotiating language, culture and pupil agency in complementary school classrooms. Linguistics and Education 22(1). 23–36.10.1016/j.linged.2010.11.007Search in Google Scholar

Mitsikopoulou, Bessie. 2007. The interplay of the global and the local in English language learning and electronic communication discourses and practices in Greece. Language and Education 21(3). 232–246.10.2167/le749.0Search in Google Scholar

Murray, Garold. 2008. Communities of practice: Stories of Japanese EFL learners. In Paula Kalaja, Vera Menezes & Ana Maria F. Barcelos (eds.), Narratives of learning and teaching EFL, 128–140. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Search in Google Scholar

Nikula, Tarja & Anne Pitkänen-Huhta. 2008. Using photographs to access stories of learning English. In Paula Kalaja, Vera Menezes & Ana Maria F. Barcelos (eds.), Narratives of learning and teaching EFL, 171–185. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Search in Google Scholar

Norton, Bonny. 2000. Identity and language learning. Gender, ethnicity and educational change. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.Search in Google Scholar

Pennycook, Alastair. 2003. Global Englishes, rip slyme and performativity. Journal of Sociolinguistics 7(4). 513–533.10.1111/j.1467-9841.2003.00240.xSearch in Google Scholar

Pennycook, Alastair. 2007. Global Englishes and transcultural flows. Abingdon: Routledge.10.4324/9780203088807Search in Google Scholar

Pennycook, Alastair. 2010. Language as a local practice. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203846223Search in Google Scholar

Pennycook, Alastair. 2012. Language and mobility: Unexpected places. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.10.21832/9781847697653Search in Google Scholar

Phillipson, Robert. 2008. Language policy and education in the European Union. In Stephen A. May & Nancy H. Hornberger (eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education. Language policy and political issues in education, 255–266. New York: Springer.10.1007/978-0-387-30424-3_19Search in Google Scholar

Pietikäinen, Sari. 2010. Sámi language mobility: Scales and discourses of multilingualism in polycentric environment. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 202. 79–101.10.1515/ijsl.2010.015Search in Google Scholar

Pietikäinen, Sari. 2012. Experiences and expressions of multilingualism: Visual ethnography and discourse analysis in research with Sami children. In Marilyn Martin-Jones & Sheena Gardner (eds.), Multilingualism, discourse, and ethnography, 163–178. London: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Pietikäinen, Sari & Anne Pitkänen-Huhta. 2013. Multimodal literacy practices in the indigenous Sámi classroom: Children navigating in a complex multilingual setting. International Journal of Language, Identity and Education 12. 230–247.10.1080/15348458.2013.818471Search in Google Scholar

Pietikäinen, Sari & Anne Pitkänen-Huhta. 2014. Dynamic multimodal language practices in multilingual indigenous Sámi classrooms in Finland. In Durk Gorter, Victoria Zenotz & Jasone Cenoz (eds.), Minority languages and multilingual education. Bridging the local and the global, 137–157. Heidelberg: Springer.10.1007/978-94-007-7317-2_9Search in Google Scholar

Pitkänen-Huhta, Anne & Tarja Nikula. 2013. Teenagers making sense of their foreign language practices: Individual accounts indexing social discourses. In Phil Benson & Lucy Cooker (eds.), The applied linguistic individual: Sociocultural approaches to autonomy, agency and identity, 104–118. Sheffield: Equinox.Search in Google Scholar

Rothoni, Anastasia. 2015. The everyday literacy practices in English of adolescents living in Greece: An ethnographic multiple case study. Athens, Greece: Unpublished PhD dissertation. National and Kapodistrian university of Athens.Search in Google Scholar

Sifakis, Nicos. 2009. Challenges in teaching ELF in the periphery: The Greek context. ELT Journal 63(3). 230–237.10.1093/elt/ccn057Search in Google Scholar

Street, Brian V. 2003. What’s ‘new’ in New Literacy Studies? Critical approaches to literacy in theory and practice. Current Issues in Comparative Education 5(2). 77–91.10.52214/cice.v5i2.11369Search in Google Scholar

van Lier, Leo. 2000. From input to affordance: Social-interactive learning from an ecological perspective. In James P. Lantolf (ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language learning, 245–285. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2017-01-21
Published in Print: 2018-05-25

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 31.12.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/applirev-2016-1065/pdf
Scroll to top button