The Difference of Lemma Activation Between Native Speakers of English and L2 Speakers of English With L1 Chinese: Evidence From the Semantic and Phonological Priming Effects on L2 Speech Planning
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Yi Ma
Yi MA is a lecturer of English (applied linguistics) at Foshan University. His research efforts have focused on second language acquisition, psycholinguistic, second language production mechanism.
Mingyang CHEN is a lecturer at Department of Business English, School of Foreign Languages, Neusoft Institute Guangdong. Her research efforts have focused on English education, English for academic purpose, Second language acquisition.
Abstract
This study examined the influence of semantic and phonological priming on L2 speech planning, as well as the difference between native and non-native speakers of English in terms of lemma activation. Two potential explanations for the contrast between the performance of L2 speakers and native controls were considered. The first of which was that L2 speakers’ phonological forms are activated before selection of syntactic frame occurred, whereas the reverse is true for native speakers. The second explanation posits that the organisation of the speech production procedure is fundamentally similar in native and L2 speakers, and the disparity in performance arises from difference in the levels of activation of stored items. The results of the present experiment suggest that lemma selection is indeed what drives syntactic frame selection. However, lemmas in L2 speakers can be primed through a chain of connections demonstrated as: L2 phonological form → L1 phonological form → L1 lemma.
About the authors
Yi MA is a lecturer of English (applied linguistics) at Foshan University. His research efforts have focused on second language acquisition, psycholinguistic, second language production mechanism.
Mingyang CHEN is a lecturer at Department of Business English, School of Foreign Languages, Neusoft Institute Guangdong. Her research efforts have focused on English education, English for academic purpose, Second language acquisition.
References
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Appendix: Full List of Testing Words and Filler Words in the Current Experiment
List 1
| Filler words (n=20) | Recognition words (n=24) | |
|---|---|---|
| Tooth | Valley | Wheel |
| Basket | Towel | Glass |
| Spoon | Skyscraper | Trade |
| Tea | Rainbow | Treat |
| Sugar | Hospital | Fork |
| Map | Farm | Roof |
| Ticket | Nut | Handle |
| Heart | Potato | Isle |
| Bath | River | Mile |
| Head | Pancake | Trap |
| Eye | Clock | Dot |
| Hat | Singer | Fist |
| Cinema | Tomato | Feather |
| Steel | Jewel | Egg |
| Bean | Skin | Fog |
| Beef | Tower | Kitchen |
| Hair | Team | Jungle |
| Scarf | Loaf | Forest |
| Pipe | Cake | Mat |
| Toy | Newspaper | Bull |
| Letter | ||
| Frame | ||
| Theme | ||
| Roam | ||
List 2
| Filler words (n=20) | Recognition words (n=24) | |
|---|---|---|
| Tooth | Valley | Brick |
| Basket | Towel | Sand |
| Spoon | Skyscraper | Bun |
| Tea | Rainbow | Wink |
| Sugar | Hospital | Butter |
| Map | Farm | Wing |
| Ticket | Nut | Cult |
| Heart | Potato | Sum |
| Bath | River | Fur |
| Head | Pancake | Dog |
| Eye | Clock | Map |
| Hat | Singer | Shell |
| Cinema | Tomato | Earth |
| Steel | Jewel | Wool |
| Bean | Skin | Dug |
| Beef | Tower | Boil |
| Hair | Team | Bat |
| Scarf | Loaf | Cat |
| Pipe | Cake | Bind |
| Toy | Newspaper | Bay-leaf |
| Suitcase | ||
| School | ||
| Purge | ||
| Dog-lead | ||
List 3
| Filler words (n=20) | Recognition words (n=24) | |
|---|---|---|
| Tooth | Valley | Card |
| Basket | Towel | Winter |
| Spoon | Skyscraper | Rail |
| Tea | Rainbow | Leaf |
| Sugar | Hospital | Night |
| Map | Farm | Howl |
| Ticket | Nut | Nail |
| Heart | Potato | Winter |
| Bath | River | Count |
| Head | Pancake | Mount |
| Eye | Clock | Cat |
| Hat | Singer | Swim |
| Cinema | Tomato | Burp |
| Steel | Jewel | Children |
| Bean | Skin | Tail |
| Beef | Tower | Miaow |
| Hair | Team | Monday |
| Scarf | Loaf | Stink |
| Pipe | Cake | Woman |
| Toy | Newspaper | Pen |
| Poland | ||
| Pigeon | ||
| Mask | ||
| Ship | ||
List 4
| Filler words (n=20) | Recognition words (n=24) | |
|---|---|---|
| Tooth | Valley | Walk |
| Basket | Towel | Rod |
| Spoon | Skyscraper | Puncture |
| Tea | Rainbow | Blow |
| Sugar | Hospital | Breath |
| Map | Farm | Plate |
| Ticket | Nut | Saucer |
| Heart | Potato | Sky |
| Bath | River | Belt |
| Head | Pancake | Cap |
| Eye | Clock | Woman |
| Hat | Singer | Restaurant |
| Cinema | Tomato | Work |
| Steel | Jewel | Sheet |
| Bean | Skin | Quack |
| Beef | Tower | Girl |
| Hair | Team | Board |
| Scarf | Loaf | Dot |
| Pipe | Cake | Wheel |
| Toy | Newspaper | Pram |
| Bat | ||
| Teashop | ||
| Coins | ||
| Nurse | ||
© 2022 FLTRP, Walter de Gruyter, Cultural and Education Section British Embassy
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Introducing Positive Psychology in Applied Linguistics: Asian Perspectives
- Where Psychology Meets Language Learning: Exploring the Positive Nexus
- A Different Kind of Tension: Foreign Language Anxiety From a Positive Psychology Perspective
- Foreign Language Enjoyment and Anxiety: Associations With General and Domain-Specific English Achievement
- Exploring Senior High School Students’ English Academic Resilience in the Chinese Context
- Second Language Acquisition
- The Difference of Lemma Activation Between Native Speakers of English and L2 Speakers of English With L1 Chinese: Evidence From the Semantic and Phonological Priming Effects on L2 Speech Planning
- Discourse Markers of “Saying”: A Comparative Study
- Second Language Writing
- Achieving Self-Imitation for English Intonation Learning: The Role of Corrective Feedback
- Cross-Cultural Communications
- China English and College Intercultural Education: A Cultural Linguistic Perspective
- Interview
- The “Wrong Love” Between the Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding: An Interview With Prof. James P. Lantolf
- Chinese Abstracts
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Introducing Positive Psychology in Applied Linguistics: Asian Perspectives
- Where Psychology Meets Language Learning: Exploring the Positive Nexus
- A Different Kind of Tension: Foreign Language Anxiety From a Positive Psychology Perspective
- Foreign Language Enjoyment and Anxiety: Associations With General and Domain-Specific English Achievement
- Exploring Senior High School Students’ English Academic Resilience in the Chinese Context
- Second Language Acquisition
- The Difference of Lemma Activation Between Native Speakers of English and L2 Speakers of English With L1 Chinese: Evidence From the Semantic and Phonological Priming Effects on L2 Speech Planning
- Discourse Markers of “Saying”: A Comparative Study
- Second Language Writing
- Achieving Self-Imitation for English Intonation Learning: The Role of Corrective Feedback
- Cross-Cultural Communications
- China English and College Intercultural Education: A Cultural Linguistic Perspective
- Interview
- The “Wrong Love” Between the Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding: An Interview With Prof. James P. Lantolf
- Chinese Abstracts
