Biomarkers of folate and vitamin B12 status in cerebrospinal fluid
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Wolfgang Herrmann
Abstract
Folate and vitamin B12 are essential cofactors for the methionine/homocysteine cycle in the brain. These vitamins mediate the remethylation of homocysteine (Hcy), which affects the production of the universal methyl donor, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), in the brain among other organs. Additionally, increased plasma concentrations of total Hcy (tHcy) are associated with cerebrovascular disease and can compromise the blood-brain barrier. tHcy concentrations in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid become increased in several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Disturbances in the transmethylation pathway indicated by abnormal SAM, S-adenosylhomocysteine or their ratio have been reported in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia, depression or Parkinson's disease. Cobalamin is essential for neuronal generation and its deficiency can cause degeneration of the nervous system. Available data emphasize that deficiency of folate and vitamin B12 can lead to elevated concentrations of tHcy and disturbed methylation potential in the brain. Therefore, acquired or inherited disorders in these metabolic pathways are associated with brain abnormalities and severe neurological symptoms that are mostly irreversible, even after providing the missing cofactors. This review discusses the relationship between brain and blood levels of key vitamins and metabolites related to one carbon metabolism.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:1614–20.
©2007 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York
Articles in the same Issue
- Homocysteine research: alive and kicking!
- Homocysteine-lowering trials for prevention of vascular disease: protocol for a collaborative meta-analysis
- Perspective on the efficacy analysis of the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention trial
- Homocysteine-lowering vitamin B treatment decreases cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients
- The role of hyperhomocysteinemia and B-vitamin deficiency in neurological and psychiatric diseases
- Management of L-Dopa related hyperhomocysteinemia: catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors or B vitamins? Results from a review
- Biomarkers of folate and vitamin B12 status in cerebrospinal fluid
- The role of hyperhomocysteinemia as well as folate, vitamin B6 and B12 deficiencies in osteoporosis – a systematic review
- Homocysteine, brain natriuretic peptide and chronic heart failure: a critical review
- Homocysteine, left ventricular dysfunction and coronary artery disease: is there a link?
- Hyperhomocysteinemia and high-density lipoprotein metabolism in cardiovascular disease
- Hyperhomocysteinemia, DNA methylation and vascular disease
- Measuring subclinical atherosclerosis: is homocysteine relevant?
- Plasma protein homocysteinylation in uremia
- Homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): biochemically linked but differently related to vascular disease in chronic kidney disease
- Hyperhomocysteinemia – association with renal transsulfuration and redox signaling in rats
- Metabolic regulatory properties of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine
- Defects in homocysteine metabolism: diversity among hyperhomocyst(e)inemias
- The molecular basis of homocysteine thiolactone-mediated vascular disease
- Importance of folate-homocysteine homeostasis during early embryonic development
- Association between homocysteine, vitamin B6 concentrations and inflammation
- Quantitative profiling of folate and one-carbon metabolism in large-scale epidemiological studies by mass spectrometry
- Holotranscobalamin in laboratory diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency compared to total cobalamin and methylmalonic acid
- Haptocorrin in humans
- Small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO-1) modification of thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase
- Decreased p66Shc promoter methylation in patients with end-stage renal disease
- Synergism between AT1 receptor and hyperhomocysteinemia during vascular remodeling
- Differential expression of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABAA) and effects of homocysteine
- The effect of B-vitamins on biochemical bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in osteoporotic patients: a 1-year double blind placebo controlled trial
- Acknowledgement
- Contents, Volume 45, 2007
- Author Index
- Subject Index
Articles in the same Issue
- Homocysteine research: alive and kicking!
- Homocysteine-lowering trials for prevention of vascular disease: protocol for a collaborative meta-analysis
- Perspective on the efficacy analysis of the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention trial
- Homocysteine-lowering vitamin B treatment decreases cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients
- The role of hyperhomocysteinemia and B-vitamin deficiency in neurological and psychiatric diseases
- Management of L-Dopa related hyperhomocysteinemia: catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors or B vitamins? Results from a review
- Biomarkers of folate and vitamin B12 status in cerebrospinal fluid
- The role of hyperhomocysteinemia as well as folate, vitamin B6 and B12 deficiencies in osteoporosis – a systematic review
- Homocysteine, brain natriuretic peptide and chronic heart failure: a critical review
- Homocysteine, left ventricular dysfunction and coronary artery disease: is there a link?
- Hyperhomocysteinemia and high-density lipoprotein metabolism in cardiovascular disease
- Hyperhomocysteinemia, DNA methylation and vascular disease
- Measuring subclinical atherosclerosis: is homocysteine relevant?
- Plasma protein homocysteinylation in uremia
- Homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): biochemically linked but differently related to vascular disease in chronic kidney disease
- Hyperhomocysteinemia – association with renal transsulfuration and redox signaling in rats
- Metabolic regulatory properties of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine
- Defects in homocysteine metabolism: diversity among hyperhomocyst(e)inemias
- The molecular basis of homocysteine thiolactone-mediated vascular disease
- Importance of folate-homocysteine homeostasis during early embryonic development
- Association between homocysteine, vitamin B6 concentrations and inflammation
- Quantitative profiling of folate and one-carbon metabolism in large-scale epidemiological studies by mass spectrometry
- Holotranscobalamin in laboratory diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency compared to total cobalamin and methylmalonic acid
- Haptocorrin in humans
- Small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO-1) modification of thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase
- Decreased p66Shc promoter methylation in patients with end-stage renal disease
- Synergism between AT1 receptor and hyperhomocysteinemia during vascular remodeling
- Differential expression of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABAA) and effects of homocysteine
- The effect of B-vitamins on biochemical bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in osteoporotic patients: a 1-year double blind placebo controlled trial
- Acknowledgement
- Contents, Volume 45, 2007
- Author Index
- Subject Index
