Interplay of human tissue kallikrein 4 (hK4) with the plasminogen activation system: hK4 regulates the structure and functions of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)

References

Almasi, C.E., Høyer-Hansen, G., Christensen, I.J., Danø, K., and Pappot, H. (2005) Prognostic impact of liberated domain I of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in squamous cell lung cancer tissue. Lung Cancer48, 349–355.10.1016/j.lungcan.2004.11.020Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Andolfo, A., English, W.R., Resnati, M., Murphy, G., Blasi, F., and Sidenius, N. (2002). Metalloproteases cleave the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in the D1-D2 linker region and expose epitopes not present in the intact soluble receptor. Thromb. Haemost.88, 298–306.10.1055/s-0037-1613202Search in Google Scholar

Beaufort, N., Leduc, D., Rousselle, J.C., Namane, A., Chignard, M., and Pidard, D. (2004a). Plasmin cleaves the juxtamembrane domain and releases truncated species of the urokinase receptor (CD87) from human bronchial epithelial cells. FEBS Lett.574, 89–94.10.1016/j.febslet.2004.08.009Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Beaufort, N., Leduc, D., Rousselle, J.C., Magdolen, V., Luther, T., Namane, A., Chignard, M., and Pidard, D. (2004b). Proteolytic regulation of the urokinase receptor/CD87 on monocytic cells by neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G. J. Immunol.172, 540–549.10.4049/jimmunol.172.1.540Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Blasi, F. and Carmeliet, P. (2002). uPAR: a versatile signalling orchestrator. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol.3, 932–943.10.1038/nrm977Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Borgono, C.A. and Diamandis, E.P. (2004). The emerging roles of human tissue kallikreins in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer4, 876–890.10.1038/nrc1474Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Clements, J.A., Willemsen, N.M., Myers, S.A., and Dong, Y. (2004). The tissue kallikrein family of serine proteases: functional roles in human disease and potential as clinical biomarkers. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci.41, 265–312.10.1080/10408360490471931Search in Google Scholar PubMed

de Bock, C.E. and Wang, Y. (2004). Clinical significance of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) expression in cancer. Med. Res. Rev.24, 13–39.10.1002/med.10054Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Dong, Y., Kaushal, A., Bui, L., Chu, S., Fuller, P.J., Nicklin, J., Samaratunga, H., and Clements, J.A. (2001). Human kallikrein 4 (KLK4) is highly expressed in serous ovarian carcinomas. Clin. Cancer Res.7, 2363–2371.Search in Google Scholar

Fazioli, F., Resnati, M., Sidenius, N., Higashimoto, Y., Appella, E., and Blasi, F. (1997) A urokinase-sensitive region of the human urokinase receptor is responsible for its chemotactic activity. EMBO J.16, 7279–7286.10.1093/emboj/16.24.7279Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Kugler, M.C., Wei, Y., and Chapman, H.A. (2003). Urokinase receptor and integrin interactions. Curr. Pharm. Des.9, 1565–1574.10.2174/1381612033454658Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Llinas, P., Le Du, M.H., Gårdsvoll, H., Danø, K., Ploug, M., Gilquin, B., Stura, E.A., and Menez, A. (2005). Crystal structure of the human urokinase plasminogen activator receptor bound to an antagonist peptide. EMBO J.24, 1655–1663.10.1038/sj.emboj.7600635Search in Google Scholar

Luther, T., Magdolen, V., Albrecht, S., Kasper, M., Riemer, C., Kessler, H., Graeff, H., Müller, M., and Schmitt, M. (1997). Epitope-mapped monoclonal antibodies as tools for functional and morphological analyses of the human urokinase receptor in tumor tissue. Am. J. Pathol.150, 1231–1244.Search in Google Scholar

Magdolen, V., Albrecht, S., Kotzsch, M., Haller, C., Bürgle, M., Jacob, U., Großer, M., Kessler, H., Graeff, H., Müller, M., Schmitt, M., and Luther, T. (1998). Immunological and functional analyses of the extracellular domain of human tissue factor. Biol. Chem.379, 157–165.10.1515/bchm.1998.379.2.157Search in Google Scholar

Magdolen, U., Krol, J., Sato, S., Mueller, M.M., Krüger, A., Sperl, S., Schmitt, M., and Magdolen, V. (2002). Natural inhibitors of tumor-associated proteases. Radiol. Oncol.36, 131–143.Search in Google Scholar

Matsumura, M., Bhatt, A.S., Andress, D., Clegg, N., Takayama, T.K., Craik, C.S., and Nelson, P.S. (2005). Substrates of the prostate-specific serine protease prostase/KLK4 defined by positional-scanning peptide libraries. Prostate62, 1–13.10.1002/pros.20101Search in Google Scholar

Mizukami, I.F., Faulkner, N.E., Gyetko, M.R., Sitrin, R.G., and Todd, R.F. (1995). Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay detection of a soluble form of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in vivo. Blood86, 203–211.Search in Google Scholar

Nelson, P.S., Gan, L., Ferguson, C., Moss, P., Gelinas, R., Hood, L., and Wang, K. (1999). Molecular cloning and characterization of prostase, an androgen-regulated serine protease with prostate-restricted expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA96, 3114–3119.10.1073/pnas.96.6.3114Search in Google Scholar

Obiezu, C.V., Scorilas, A., Katsaros, D., Massobrio, M., Yousef, G.M., Fracchioli, S., Rigault de la Longrais, I.A., Arisio, R., and Diamandis, E.P. (2001). Higher human kallikrein gene 4 (KLK4) expression indicates poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Clin. Cancer Res.7, 2380–2386.Search in Google Scholar

Obiezu, C.V., Shan, S.J., Soosaipillai, A., Luo, L.Y., Grass, L., Sotiropoulou, G., Petraki, C.D., Papanastasiou, P.A., Levesque, M.A., and Diamandis, E.P. (2005). Human kallikrein 4: quantitative study in tissues and evidence for its secretion into biological fluids. Clin. Chem.51, 1432–1442.10.1373/clinchem.2005.049692Search in Google Scholar

Ploug, M. (2003). Structure-function relationships in the interaction between the urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor. Curr. Pharm. Des.9, 1499–528.10.2174/1381612033454630Search in Google Scholar

Preissner, K.T., Kanse, S.M., and May, A.E. (2000). Urokinase receptor: a molecular organizer in cellular communication. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol.12, 621–628.10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00141-1Search in Google Scholar

Reuning, U., Magdolen, V., Hapke, S., and Schmitt, M. (2003). Molecular and functional interdependence of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator system with integrins. Biol. Chem.384, 1119–1131.10.1515/BC.2003.125Search in Google Scholar

Sidenius, N., Andolfo, A., Fesce, R., and Blasi, F. (2002). Urokinase regulates vitronectin binding by controlling urokinase receptor oligomerization. J. Biol. Chem.277, 27982–27990.10.1074/jbc.M111736200Search in Google Scholar

Sidenius, N., Sier, C.F.M., and Blasi, F. (2000). Shedding and cleavage of the urokinase receptor (uPAR): identification and characterization of uPAR fragments in vitro and in vivo. FEBS Lett.475, 52–56.10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01624-0Search in Google Scholar

Simmer, J.P. and Bartlett, J.D. (2004). Kallikrein 4 is a secreted protein. Cancer Res.64, 8481–8482.10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1660Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Simmer, J.P., Fukae, M., Tanabe, T., Yamakoshi, Y., Uchida, T., Xue, J., Margolis, H.C., Shimizu, M., DeHart, B.C., Hu, C.C., and Bartlett, J.D. (1998). Purification, characterization, and cloning of enamel matrix serine proteinase 1. J. Dent. Res.77, 377–386.10.1177/00220345980770020601Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Sperl, S., Mueller, M.M., Wilhelm, O.G., Schmitt, M., Magdolen, V., and Moroder, L. (2001). The uPA/uPA-receptor system as a target for tumor therapy. Drug News Perspect.14, 401–411.10.1358/dnp.2001.14.7.858423Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Takayama, T.K., McMullen, B.A., Nelson, P.S., Matsumura, M., and Fujikawa, K. (2001). Characterization of hK4 (prostase), a prostate-specific serine protease: activation of the precursor of prostate specific antigen (pro-PSA) and single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator and degradation of prostatic acid phosphatase. Biochemistry40, 15341–15348.10.1021/bi015775eSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

Xi, Z., Klokk, T.I., Korkmaz, K., Kurys, P., Elbi, C., Risberg, B., Danielsen, H., Loda, M., and Saatcioglu, F. (2004). Kallikrein 4 is a predominantly nuclear protein and is overexpressed in prostate cancer. Cancer Res.64, 2365–2370.10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-2025Search in Google Scholar PubMed

Yousef, G.M. and Diamandis, E.P. (2003). Tissue kallikreins: new players in normal and abnormal cell growth? Thromb. Haemost.90, 7–16.10.1055/s-0037-1613593Search in Google Scholar

Yousef, G.M., Obiezu, C.V., Luo, L.Y., Black, M.H., and Diamandis, E.P. (1999). Prostase/KLK-L1 is a new member of the human kallikrein gene family, is expressed in prostate and breast tissues, and is hormonally regulated. Cancer Res.59, 4252–4256.Search in Google Scholar