Caucasus Area

Kapitel in diesem Buch

1. Volume I: Maps
2. Frontmatter I
3. Australia 1
4. New Zealand 22
5. Melanesia (Papua New Guinea) 26
6. Melanesia (Fiji) 30
7. Polynesia 32
8. Metropolitan Language (English) 35
9. Metropolitan Language (French, including Creoles) 37
10. Metropolitan Language (Spanish, including Creoles) 39
11. Metropolitan Language (Portuguese, including Creoles) 40
12. Metropolitan Language (Dutch and German, including Pidgins) 41
13. Metropolitan Language (Russian) (also applies to Siberia) 42
14. Metropolitan Language (Japanese, including Pidgins) 43
15. Pidgins (General) 45
16. Pidgins (English) 46
17. Languages used in the Domain of Religion in Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania 60
18. Arabic-based and other Contact Languages on Maritime Trade Routes to China 64
19. South-East Asia (Insular, including Irian Jaya) 66
20. Philippines 80
21. Taiwan 84
22. South-East Asia (Continental) 85
23. Indian Subcontinent 91
24. China 94
25. Mongolia 100
26. Central Asia 101
27. Caucasus Area 104
28. Siberia 106
29. Arctic Areas 118
30. Canada, Northwest Coast and Alaska 120
31. United States Area 128
32. Mexico 130
33. Central America 134
34. South America 137
35. Modern Media in the Pacific Area 144
36. Volume II.1: Texts
37. Frontmatter I
38. Australia
39. General remarks on Australia 1
40. Post contact languages in mainland Australia after 1788 11
41. Koines and indigenous lingue franche in Australia 17
42. Early language contact in Tasmania 25
43. Pidgin English in New South Wales 33
44. Language contacts and Pidgin English in Victoria 53
45. Pidgins and creoles of Queensland 69
46. Nineteenth century language contact in South Australia 83
47. Post-contact languages of Western Australia 101
48. Post-contact Aboriginal languages in the Northern Territory 123
49. Aboriginal English 133
50. The diffusion of Pidgin English in Australia 143
51. New Zealand
52. General introduction and notes on the Map 'Aotearoa - New Zealand: population, ethnicity, languages' 147
53. New Zealand English: Speech 153
54. New Zealand English lexis 159
55. The Maori language in New Zealand 167
56. Moriori: language death (New Zealand) 173
57. English-Maori contact languages in New Zealand 175
58. The Indians and their languages in New Zealand 183
59. Pacific Island languages in New Zealand 185
60. The Dalmatians and their language in New Zealand 192
61. The New Zealand Chinese 195
62. The Germans and their language in New Zealand 201
63. The Poles and their language in New Zealand 203
64. The Greeks and their language in New Zealand 205
65. The Dutch and their language in New Zealand 207
66. Melanesia
67. Languages in contact in Central and South-east Mainland Papua New Guinea 213
68. Other pidgins in Papua New Guinea 215
69. Privately owned Mekeo-based trade languages 219
70. Pidgin Fijian and Pidgin Hindustani in Fiji 237
71. Metropolitan languages (in part including pidgins and creoles)
72. The English language in the Asia Pacific region 241
73. French in the South Pacific 251
74. The Creole language Tayo and language contact in the 'Far South' region of New Caledonia 265
75. Spanish in the Pacific 271
76. Portuguese and Creole Portuguese in the Pacific and Western Pacific rim 299
77. Dutch in the Pacific area 339
78. German in the Pacific area 345
79. The spread of Russian settlement and language in Siberia from the sixteenth century onwards 353
80. Japanese language in the Pacific 373
81. Pidgins (General and English)
82. Precolonial patterns of intercultural communication in the Pacific Islands 401
83. Post-contact pidgins, creoles, and lingue franche, based on non-European and indigenous languages 439
84. English-derived contact languages in the Pacific in the 19th century (excluding Australia) 471
85. English-derived contact languages in the Pacific in the 20th century (excluding Australia) 497
86. Palmerston English 523
87. Productive fellow 533
88. The development and diffusion of pronouns in Pacific Pidgin English 537
89. The origins and diffusion of Pidgin English in the Pacific 551
90. Languages used in the domain of religion in insular southeast Asia and Oceania
91. Mission and church languages in Papua New Guinea 595
92. Mission and church languages in Island Melanesia 619
93. Philippines: mission and religious languages 625
94. Languages used in the domain of religion in Indonesia 633
95. Arabic-based and other contact languages on maritime trade routes to China
96. The potential for the development of Arabic-based and other contact languages along the maritime trade routes between the Middle East and China, from the start of the Christian era 637
97. South-East Asia (Insular, including Irian Jaya)
98. Malay: its history, role and spread 673
99. Contact languages in Indonesia and Malaysia other than Malay 695
100. Some trade languages of insular South-East Asia and Irian Jaya 713
101. Notes of the use of Geser as a trade language in eastern Indonesia 717
102. Indonesian-the official language of a multilingual nation 719
103. Malay-the national language of Malaysia 729
104. Philippines
105. Major languages of wider communication and Trade Languages of the Philippines 735
106. Intercommunication between speakers of minor languages in the Philippines 737
107. Taiwan
108. The lingue franche in Taiwan 741
109. South-East Asia (Continental)
110. Burmese as a lingua franca 745
111. Kachin 749
112. Lahu 753
113. Nagamese 757
114. Nepali as a lingua franca 763
115. Bantawa Rai 773
116. Empires and lingue franche in premodern South-East Asia 775
117. Southwestern Dai as a lingua franca 779
118. Vietnamese 783
119. Yunnanese Chinese 785
120. Indian Subcontinent
121. Languages of interethnic communication on the Indian Subcontinent (excluding Nepal) 787
122. Volume II.2: Texts
123. Frontmatter I
124. China
125. Preliminary thoughts on Chinese and Chinese contact languages in the Pacific area 799
126. North China: Intercultural communication involving indigenous languages other than Chinese 815
127. Mongolic languages as idioms of intercultural communication in Northern Manchuria 827
128. Tibetan 835
129. Yi 841
130. Some hybrid languages in China 845
131. The Ejnu language 851
132. The Hezhou language 865
133. The Tangwang language 875
134. The Wutun language 883
135. The Mongols in Yunnan 899
136. An example of multilingualism in the Great Northwest of China 901
137. Hybrid Chinese of the Mongol Period (13th-14th century) 905
138. Korea
139. Some remarks on present-day intercultural communication in South Korea 907
140. Mongolia
141. Contact languages and language influences in Mongolia 909
142. Central Asia
143. Languages of interethnic communication in the area of Central Asia and Kazakhstan 913
144. Languages of interethnic communication in Uzbekistan 919
145. Languages of interethnic contacts in Karakalpakistan, the former Karakalpak Autonomous ASSR 925
146. Languages of interethnic communication in Turkmenistan 929
147. Languages of interethnic communication in Kazakhstan 933
148. Languages of interethnic communication in Kirgizistan 937
149. Languages of interethnic communication in Tajikistan 941
150. Languages of interethnic communication in the Gorno-Badakhshan province of Tajikistan 945
151. Shugni as a lingua franca in the Parnir area 947
152. The languages of the 'Silk Route' up to the 16th century 949
153. Caucasus Area
154. Language situation, language contacts and contact languages in the Caucasus area 955
155. The Avar language area 959
156. The Lezgian languages area 963
157. Siberia
158. Siberia: 1650-1950 ethnic and linguistic changes 969
159. Indigenous lingue franche and bilingualism in Siberia (beginning of the 20th century) 975
160. Some lingue franche and pidgins in North Siberian and North Pacific areas at the beginning of the 20th century 979
161. Ethnic composition of the population, ethno-cultural contacts and languages of interethnic communication in the northeast of the Asian coastal areas of the Pacific Ocean 989
162. The Far North-East of Russia 999
163. Interethnic contacts of the aboriginal population of Kamchatka 1003
164. The linguistic situation on Sakhalin Island 1007
165. Use of languages in the southern part of the Russian Far East 1013
166. 'Govorka'-the pidgin Russian of the Taymyr Peninsular area 1033
167. Selkup as lingua franca 1035
168. Finger-counting with Buryats and Evenkis in Siberia Buryat finger-counting 1037
169. Finger-counting with Buryats and Evenkis in Siberia Hand-counting with the Sym Evenkis 1039
170. Arctic Areas
171. History of Eskimo interethnic contact and its linguistic consequences 1043
172. Aleut and the Aleuts in contact with other languages and peoples 1095
173. Semaphoric communication, western Aleuts 1103
174. Canada, Northwest Coast and Alaska
175. Interethnic communication in Canada, Alaska and adjacent areas 1107
176. Michif and other languages of the Canadian Métis 1171
177. Chinook Jargon and its distribution in the Pacific Northwest and beyond 1185
178. The Russian language in Alaska and in Alaskan native languages 1209
179. United States Area
180. Native American contact languages of the contiguous United States 1213
181. The Plains Indian Sign Language 1241
182. Mexico
183. Languages of intercommunication in Mexico 1253
184. Central America
185. Restructured languages in the Caribbean area 1291
186. Negerhollands 1307
187. Island Carib 1323
188. South America
189. Quechua, a language of intercultural communication in the Middle Andes 1325
190. Aymaran, the Lake Titicaca area, and the central part of the Pacific coastal area of Perú 1331
191. Araucanian, a language of intercultural communication in the Southern Andes 1333
192. Media Lengua in Ecuador 1335
193. Callahuaya in Bolivia 1339
194. The Tupí-Guaraní languages of Atlantic South America, and Línguas Gerais 1343
195. Areas of multilingualism in northern South America 1345
196. Berbice Dutch Creole 1347
197. Literacy and modern media in communication in the Pacific Area
198. Literacy in Oceania 1357
199. Modern media in the Pacific area and their role in intercultural communication 1389
200. Subject finder list to the text volume. Part 1 1455
201. Subject finder list to the text volume. Part 2 1494
202. Subject finder list to the text volume. Part 3 1515
203. Subject finder list to the text volume. Part 4 1537
204. Subject finder list to the text volume. Part 5 1569
205. Subject finder list to the text volume. Part 6 1612