Psychrophiles survival strategies: insights into the comprehensive adaptive behavioral approaches in cold-habituated bacteria
-
Abstract
Cold habitats, such as those found in the worldwide deep ocean, Arctic, Antarctic, and alpestrine regions, dominate the Earth’s biosphere. Such extreme environments sustain multifaceted microbial populations that can flourish under freezing temperatures. The propensity to subsist in temperatures near or below the freezing temperature necessitates a broad spectrum of adaptive traits in order to maintain metabolic processes and continuous development, which is conducive for survival under such harsh environments. At lower temperatures, psychrophiles modify their transcriptional patterns and regulate the expression of constitutive genes to cover a wide range of cellular functions, which include essential metabolic and biosynthetic pathways, nutrient transportation systems, biosynthesis of the cell wall and cell membrane components, nucleic acid replication and protein synthesis processes, and stress response systems. Several adaptations traits have been widely documented, includes uplift in the fluidity of the cell membrane and cell wall stiffening, amplified expression of helicases, chaperones, ice nucleators, cold shock proteins, cold acclimation proteins, antifreeze protein, and cellular oxidative stress response proteins, synthesis of compatible solutes and exopolysaccharides, and structural reforms in enzymes. However, the molecular processes and metabolic pathways required to comprehend bacterial cold-adaptation strategies are still a lacuna and unrevealed. Most recent evidence, based primarily on the avant-garde “omic” tool, has potentially contributed to filling the gap between epigenetic regulation and physiological aspects associated with cold-adaptation routes in bacteria. Furthermore, data from metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metaproteomic investigations lead new avenues and dimensions to uncover the key traits that allow bacteria to succeed in extremely cold environments.
Abstract
Cold habitats, such as those found in the worldwide deep ocean, Arctic, Antarctic, and alpestrine regions, dominate the Earth’s biosphere. Such extreme environments sustain multifaceted microbial populations that can flourish under freezing temperatures. The propensity to subsist in temperatures near or below the freezing temperature necessitates a broad spectrum of adaptive traits in order to maintain metabolic processes and continuous development, which is conducive for survival under such harsh environments. At lower temperatures, psychrophiles modify their transcriptional patterns and regulate the expression of constitutive genes to cover a wide range of cellular functions, which include essential metabolic and biosynthetic pathways, nutrient transportation systems, biosynthesis of the cell wall and cell membrane components, nucleic acid replication and protein synthesis processes, and stress response systems. Several adaptations traits have been widely documented, includes uplift in the fluidity of the cell membrane and cell wall stiffening, amplified expression of helicases, chaperones, ice nucleators, cold shock proteins, cold acclimation proteins, antifreeze protein, and cellular oxidative stress response proteins, synthesis of compatible solutes and exopolysaccharides, and structural reforms in enzymes. However, the molecular processes and metabolic pathways required to comprehend bacterial cold-adaptation strategies are still a lacuna and unrevealed. Most recent evidence, based primarily on the avant-garde “omic” tool, has potentially contributed to filling the gap between epigenetic regulation and physiological aspects associated with cold-adaptation routes in bacteria. Furthermore, data from metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metaproteomic investigations lead new avenues and dimensions to uncover the key traits that allow bacteria to succeed in extremely cold environments.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- List of contributing authors V
- Contents XIII
- Acidophilic microbial communities: remediating acid mine drainage waters 1
- The extremophiles indigenous to acid mines 23
- Halophiles: properties, adaptations, diversity, and applications 43
- Deep-sea extremophiles and their diversity in the Indian Ocean 65
- Extremozymes: exclusive outlook toward the white biotechnology 95
- Extremophiles: a potential source of extremozymes 113
- Prospects of biofuels, biofertilizers, and therapeutics from extremophiles 131
- Extremophilic pigments in eukaryotic microbes: a tool for survivability 149
- Bioactive compounds from extremophilic bacteria 171
- Psychrophiles survival strategies: insights into the comprehensive adaptive behavioral approaches in cold-habituated bacteria 197
- Extremophiles to polyextremophiles: survival of the fittest 221
- An overview of extremophiles as microbial armament for bioremediation 245
- Biotechnological applications extremophiles: the golden epoch ahead 269
- Potential of extremophiles: a review of current research in nanoparticle synthesis 289
- Cyanobacteria in nanotechnology 315
- Use of extremophiles in nanotechnology 339
- Contribution of cyanobacteria and microalgae as extremophiles in the field of biotechnology 365
- Exploring the potential extremophilic microbes for bioremediation 383
- Index 407
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- List of contributing authors V
- Contents XIII
- Acidophilic microbial communities: remediating acid mine drainage waters 1
- The extremophiles indigenous to acid mines 23
- Halophiles: properties, adaptations, diversity, and applications 43
- Deep-sea extremophiles and their diversity in the Indian Ocean 65
- Extremozymes: exclusive outlook toward the white biotechnology 95
- Extremophiles: a potential source of extremozymes 113
- Prospects of biofuels, biofertilizers, and therapeutics from extremophiles 131
- Extremophilic pigments in eukaryotic microbes: a tool for survivability 149
- Bioactive compounds from extremophilic bacteria 171
- Psychrophiles survival strategies: insights into the comprehensive adaptive behavioral approaches in cold-habituated bacteria 197
- Extremophiles to polyextremophiles: survival of the fittest 221
- An overview of extremophiles as microbial armament for bioremediation 245
- Biotechnological applications extremophiles: the golden epoch ahead 269
- Potential of extremophiles: a review of current research in nanoparticle synthesis 289
- Cyanobacteria in nanotechnology 315
- Use of extremophiles in nanotechnology 339
- Contribution of cyanobacteria and microalgae as extremophiles in the field of biotechnology 365
- Exploring the potential extremophilic microbes for bioremediation 383
- Index 407
