15 Ethical Obligations in Communicating Risk and Safety: Standards of Dialogue, Uncertainty, Change, and Truthfulness
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Matthew Seeger
Abstract
This chapter describes the close association between risk and safety and the ethical obligations imposed on senders, receivers, and the larger communication ecosystem. The concepts of risk and safety communication are examined and general ethical frameworks for understanding obligations for communicators are discussed. The precautionary principle is offered as an underlying framework for the practice of risk communication. Four specific ethical obligations or standards for risk and safety communication including promoting dialogue, acknowledging uncertainty, representing change, and maintaining fidelity to truthfulness, transparency, and accuracy are offered.
Abstract
This chapter describes the close association between risk and safety and the ethical obligations imposed on senders, receivers, and the larger communication ecosystem. The concepts of risk and safety communication are examined and general ethical frameworks for understanding obligations for communicators are discussed. The precautionary principle is offered as an underlying framework for the practice of risk communication. Four specific ethical obligations or standards for risk and safety communication including promoting dialogue, acknowledging uncertainty, representing change, and maintaining fidelity to truthfulness, transparency, and accuracy are offered.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Preface to Handbooks of Communication Science series V
- Contents VII
- 1 Introduction: Unique Challenges and Opportunities in Communicating Risk and Safety 1
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Section 1: Fundamental Principles and Perspectives When Communicating Risk and Safety
- 2 Communicating Safety and Risk: Advancement of a Field in Constant Uncertainty 13
- 3 Communicating with Numbers: Challenges and Potential Solutions 33
- 4 Translating Data into Intelligible Risk and Safety Guidelines 57
- 5 Disaster Fatigue, Communication, and Resilience: Insights from Natural Hazards, Human-Caused Disasters, and Public Health Crises 77
- 6 The COVID-19 Pandemic as Exemplar of the Chaos of Mega-Crises 97
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Section 2: Rhetorical Considerations When Communicating Risk and Safety
- 7 Rhetorical Sensitivity and Crisis and Risk Communication: Extension of a Theory 111
- 8 Emotions in Risk and Crisis Communication: An Individual and Networked Perspective 123
- 9 Narratives in Collision: Crisis and Pragmatic Dialogic Learning 143
- 10 Applying Dialogic Theory to Risk and Problem Solving 159
- 11 Embracing Dialogue While Cultivating Convergence: Organizational Challenges in Responsibly Communicating Risk 179
- 12 The Function of Stasis in Risk and Safety Controversies 197
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Section 3: Ethical Dilemmas When Communicating Risk and Safety
- 13 Risk Communication: A Communication Ethics Perspective 219
- 14 The Ethic of First and Second Things in Communicating Risk and Safety 237
- 15 Ethical Obligations in Communicating Risk and Safety: Standards of Dialogue, Uncertainty, Change, and Truthfulness 255
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Section 4: Cultural Imperatives When Communicating Risk and Safety
- 16 Culture-centered Approach to Risk Communication 269
- 17 “All Knowledge Is Local”: The PEN-3 Model as a Guide to Overcoming Western/ European Bias in Risk Communication about Global Health Concerns in East Africa 285
- 18 Communities of Practice Approach to Safety Communication 301
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Section 5: Instructional Perspectives and Compliance-Gaining When Communicating Risk and Safety
- 19 Instruction as Self-Protection 321
- 20 Mobile Instructional Communication for Public Safety and Community Resilience 339
- 21 From Risks to Crisis Society: The Drivers of the Public Health Communication Paradigm Shift 359
- 22 Earthquake Risk Communication of Individual Protective Actions for Big Earthquakes: A Situational Choreography Model Based on Social Communication Engineering 379
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Section 6: Media and Technological Considerations When Communicating Risk and Safety
- 23 Risk Information Seeking and Processing Model 413
- 24 Understanding Contemporary Infodemics through the Risk Amplification through Media Spread (RAMS) Model 453
- 25 Spotting Risks: How to Integrate Social Media Listening to a Framework of Assessing Risks 473
- 26 Emergent Organizations and Post-Disaster Risk: Volunteerism in the Digital Age 493
- 27 Communicating and Perceiving Risks of Artificial Intelligence as an Emerging Technology 503
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Section 7: Future Considerations: Untangling Issues of (Mis)Trust When Communicating Risk and Safety
- 28 The Role of Trust and Distrust in Risk and Safety Communication 529
- 29 It’s Complicated . . . : Exploring Vaccination Attitudes and the Vaccination Infodemic in the UK throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic 551
- 30 Communicating to Mitigate Behavioral Cyber Risks: The Case of Employee Vulnerability 585
- 31 Building or Unbuilding Trust? A Reflection on Governments, News Media, and Businesses’ Communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic 607
- Contributors 627
- Index 637
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Preface to Handbooks of Communication Science series V
- Contents VII
- 1 Introduction: Unique Challenges and Opportunities in Communicating Risk and Safety 1
-
Section 1: Fundamental Principles and Perspectives When Communicating Risk and Safety
- 2 Communicating Safety and Risk: Advancement of a Field in Constant Uncertainty 13
- 3 Communicating with Numbers: Challenges and Potential Solutions 33
- 4 Translating Data into Intelligible Risk and Safety Guidelines 57
- 5 Disaster Fatigue, Communication, and Resilience: Insights from Natural Hazards, Human-Caused Disasters, and Public Health Crises 77
- 6 The COVID-19 Pandemic as Exemplar of the Chaos of Mega-Crises 97
-
Section 2: Rhetorical Considerations When Communicating Risk and Safety
- 7 Rhetorical Sensitivity and Crisis and Risk Communication: Extension of a Theory 111
- 8 Emotions in Risk and Crisis Communication: An Individual and Networked Perspective 123
- 9 Narratives in Collision: Crisis and Pragmatic Dialogic Learning 143
- 10 Applying Dialogic Theory to Risk and Problem Solving 159
- 11 Embracing Dialogue While Cultivating Convergence: Organizational Challenges in Responsibly Communicating Risk 179
- 12 The Function of Stasis in Risk and Safety Controversies 197
-
Section 3: Ethical Dilemmas When Communicating Risk and Safety
- 13 Risk Communication: A Communication Ethics Perspective 219
- 14 The Ethic of First and Second Things in Communicating Risk and Safety 237
- 15 Ethical Obligations in Communicating Risk and Safety: Standards of Dialogue, Uncertainty, Change, and Truthfulness 255
-
Section 4: Cultural Imperatives When Communicating Risk and Safety
- 16 Culture-centered Approach to Risk Communication 269
- 17 “All Knowledge Is Local”: The PEN-3 Model as a Guide to Overcoming Western/ European Bias in Risk Communication about Global Health Concerns in East Africa 285
- 18 Communities of Practice Approach to Safety Communication 301
-
Section 5: Instructional Perspectives and Compliance-Gaining When Communicating Risk and Safety
- 19 Instruction as Self-Protection 321
- 20 Mobile Instructional Communication for Public Safety and Community Resilience 339
- 21 From Risks to Crisis Society: The Drivers of the Public Health Communication Paradigm Shift 359
- 22 Earthquake Risk Communication of Individual Protective Actions for Big Earthquakes: A Situational Choreography Model Based on Social Communication Engineering 379
-
Section 6: Media and Technological Considerations When Communicating Risk and Safety
- 23 Risk Information Seeking and Processing Model 413
- 24 Understanding Contemporary Infodemics through the Risk Amplification through Media Spread (RAMS) Model 453
- 25 Spotting Risks: How to Integrate Social Media Listening to a Framework of Assessing Risks 473
- 26 Emergent Organizations and Post-Disaster Risk: Volunteerism in the Digital Age 493
- 27 Communicating and Perceiving Risks of Artificial Intelligence as an Emerging Technology 503
-
Section 7: Future Considerations: Untangling Issues of (Mis)Trust When Communicating Risk and Safety
- 28 The Role of Trust and Distrust in Risk and Safety Communication 529
- 29 It’s Complicated . . . : Exploring Vaccination Attitudes and the Vaccination Infodemic in the UK throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic 551
- 30 Communicating to Mitigate Behavioral Cyber Risks: The Case of Employee Vulnerability 585
- 31 Building or Unbuilding Trust? A Reflection on Governments, News Media, and Businesses’ Communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic 607
- Contributors 627
- Index 637