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21 Europe’s Military Drone Problem

  • Dominika Kunertova
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De Gruyter Handbook of Drone Warfare
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch De Gruyter Handbook of Drone Warfare

Abstract

This chapter looks at the proliferation of advanced military drones among European countries. While security and strategic studies scholars and practitioners debate vigorously the legal and ethical aspects of drone strikes and lethal autonomous weapons, or the consequences of drone proliferation for international stability, this chapter sheds light on the often invisible role of NATO and the EU in helping their members adopt emerging drone technology. This chapter first engages with the capacity- based theories of military technology diffusion to show why European countries have been having immense problems with developing their own advanced drones in the past 20 years. Second, it examines the ways and extent to which NATO and the EU help countries overcome the platform and adoption challenges posed by advanced military drones. The good news is that international organizations help countries not only adopt new technologies but also invest in their development. The bad news is that despite these institutional resources, the proliferation of advanced drones in Europe has been paltry, to the large extent due to the divergent national strategic needs and defense industry strictures, which then translate into dissimilar technical solutions. The war in Ukraine, however, quickly showed that Europeans are procuring drones for the wars of yesterday. The European thinking about drones - both lethal and supporting - may soon change with the lessons learned from Ukrainians on the usefulness of drone diversity in military operations.

Abstract

This chapter looks at the proliferation of advanced military drones among European countries. While security and strategic studies scholars and practitioners debate vigorously the legal and ethical aspects of drone strikes and lethal autonomous weapons, or the consequences of drone proliferation for international stability, this chapter sheds light on the often invisible role of NATO and the EU in helping their members adopt emerging drone technology. This chapter first engages with the capacity- based theories of military technology diffusion to show why European countries have been having immense problems with developing their own advanced drones in the past 20 years. Second, it examines the ways and extent to which NATO and the EU help countries overcome the platform and adoption challenges posed by advanced military drones. The good news is that international organizations help countries not only adopt new technologies but also invest in their development. The bad news is that despite these institutional resources, the proliferation of advanced drones in Europe has been paltry, to the large extent due to the divergent national strategic needs and defense industry strictures, which then translate into dissimilar technical solutions. The war in Ukraine, however, quickly showed that Europeans are procuring drones for the wars of yesterday. The European thinking about drones - both lethal and supporting - may soon change with the lessons learned from Ukrainians on the usefulness of drone diversity in military operations.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. 1 Introduction: Why Study Drones? 1
  4. Part 1: Approaches to the Study of Drone Warfare
  5. 2 What Is Drone Warfare? 9
  6. 3 Defining Drones 25
  7. 4 Drones and International Law 41
  8. 5 Drone Imaginaries 57
  9. 6 A Gendering of Drones 69
  10. 7 Critiquing Drone Warfare 87
  11. Part 2: The First Drone Age
  12. 8 What Is ‘The First Drone Age’? 107
  13. 9 Drone Pilots: The Struggles of War by Remote Control 111
  14. 10 The Post-9/11 Era: Drones and Just War Theory 125
  15. 11 The CIA Drone Program 141
  16. 12 Drones and Civilian Harm 159
  17. 13 Drone Warfare and Public Opinion 177
  18. 14 Living Under Drones 197
  19. 15 The Media and Drone Warfare 215
  20. Part 3: The Second Drone Age
  21. 16 What is ‘The Second Drone Age’? 237
  22. 17 The Islamic State Drone Program 243
  23. 18 The Use of Drones in West Africa and the Sahel 255
  24. 19 China’s Drone Diplomacy 267
  25. 20 Russian Military Drones: Established and Emerging Technologies in Ukraine 285
  26. 21 Europe’s Military Drone Problem 299
  27. 22 Violent Nonstate Exploitation of Commercial Drones 313
  28. 23 Game-Changing Drones? The Record from Libya to Ukraine 325
  29. Part 4: A Third Drone Age? Concerns and Visions for the Future
  30. Concerns
  31. 24 Domestic Drones and Domestic Threat: Urban Life in the Drone Age 343
  32. 25 Autonomous Drones 369
  33. 26 Swarming Drones 385
  34. 27 Countering Unmanned Aircraft Systems 399
  35. Visions
  36. 28 The Diffusion of Drone Warfare – A Ten Year Review 421
  37. 29 Drones: A Unique Danger to International Law 437
  38. 30 Drone Proliferation and IR Theory: Visions for the Future 453
  39. Contributors to this Volume 475
  40. Index 485
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110742039-021

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. 1 Introduction: Why Study Drones? 1
  4. Part 1: Approaches to the Study of Drone Warfare
  5. 2 What Is Drone Warfare? 9
  6. 3 Defining Drones 25
  7. 4 Drones and International Law 41
  8. 5 Drone Imaginaries 57
  9. 6 A Gendering of Drones 69
  10. 7 Critiquing Drone Warfare 87
  11. Part 2: The First Drone Age
  12. 8 What Is ‘The First Drone Age’? 107
  13. 9 Drone Pilots: The Struggles of War by Remote Control 111
  14. 10 The Post-9/11 Era: Drones and Just War Theory 125
  15. 11 The CIA Drone Program 141
  16. 12 Drones and Civilian Harm 159
  17. 13 Drone Warfare and Public Opinion 177
  18. 14 Living Under Drones 197
  19. 15 The Media and Drone Warfare 215
  20. Part 3: The Second Drone Age
  21. 16 What is ‘The Second Drone Age’? 237
  22. 17 The Islamic State Drone Program 243
  23. 18 The Use of Drones in West Africa and the Sahel 255
  24. 19 China’s Drone Diplomacy 267
  25. 20 Russian Military Drones: Established and Emerging Technologies in Ukraine 285
  26. 21 Europe’s Military Drone Problem 299
  27. 22 Violent Nonstate Exploitation of Commercial Drones 313
  28. 23 Game-Changing Drones? The Record from Libya to Ukraine 325
  29. Part 4: A Third Drone Age? Concerns and Visions for the Future
  30. Concerns
  31. 24 Domestic Drones and Domestic Threat: Urban Life in the Drone Age 343
  32. 25 Autonomous Drones 369
  33. 26 Swarming Drones 385
  34. 27 Countering Unmanned Aircraft Systems 399
  35. Visions
  36. 28 The Diffusion of Drone Warfare – A Ten Year Review 421
  37. 29 Drones: A Unique Danger to International Law 437
  38. 30 Drone Proliferation and IR Theory: Visions for the Future 453
  39. Contributors to this Volume 475
  40. Index 485
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Heruntergeladen am 3.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110742039-021/html
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