3. Technology of simple hydrocarbon intermediates
Abstract
Plastics, thanks to their versatility, and high resource efficiency have become important materials in such branches as packaging, transportation, medicine, building and construction, etc. Although the role of recycling of various plastics in their manufacturing has been recently increasing (as a consequence of strong enhancement for circular economy, particularly in Europe), still production of monomers as substrates for plastics manufacturing is growing. It is predicted that, despite ongoing efforts to reduce, reuse, recycle and even ban plastic materials, improving living standards, population growth, and the lack of ready alternatives support the market for plastics for the next 20 years. The most important monomers produced on industrial scale belong to simple unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkanes/ olefins), called also hydrocarbon intermediates because they are substrates for further processes of organic synthesis or polymerization. A great variety of current technological approaches to olefins production was shown, i. e. steam cracking (SC), methanol-to-olefins (MTO), dehydrogenation (PDH, Catofin, Oleflex, STAR, FCDh), methathesis (OCT). The continuous improvement and development of onpurpose processes is a response to dynamic changes on feedstock market of petrochemical raw materials, consumer needs, and environmental regulations. It was emphasized that boom in dehydrogenation processes (particularly, PDH) results from shift to ethylene production in steam crackers, a gap between supply of propylene, butylenes and higher olefins compared to the continuously growing demand for their derivatives.
Abstract
Plastics, thanks to their versatility, and high resource efficiency have become important materials in such branches as packaging, transportation, medicine, building and construction, etc. Although the role of recycling of various plastics in their manufacturing has been recently increasing (as a consequence of strong enhancement for circular economy, particularly in Europe), still production of monomers as substrates for plastics manufacturing is growing. It is predicted that, despite ongoing efforts to reduce, reuse, recycle and even ban plastic materials, improving living standards, population growth, and the lack of ready alternatives support the market for plastics for the next 20 years. The most important monomers produced on industrial scale belong to simple unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkanes/ olefins), called also hydrocarbon intermediates because they are substrates for further processes of organic synthesis or polymerization. A great variety of current technological approaches to olefins production was shown, i. e. steam cracking (SC), methanol-to-olefins (MTO), dehydrogenation (PDH, Catofin, Oleflex, STAR, FCDh), methathesis (OCT). The continuous improvement and development of onpurpose processes is a response to dynamic changes on feedstock market of petrochemical raw materials, consumer needs, and environmental regulations. It was emphasized that boom in dehydrogenation processes (particularly, PDH) results from shift to ethylene production in steam crackers, a gap between supply of propylene, butylenes and higher olefins compared to the continuously growing demand for their derivatives.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter i
- Preface v
- Contents vii
- List of contributing authors xiii
- 1. Inorganic acids – technology background and future perspectives 1
- 2. Innovative processes in the production of inorganic bases and derived salts of current interest 33
- 3. Technology of simple hydrocarbon intermediates 65
- 4. Technology of large volume alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters 101
- 5. Trends in technology of oxygen containing hydrocarbons: aldehydes, ketones, ethers 147
- 6. Novel technologies of nitrogen-based compounds 163
- 7. Halogened hydrocarbons – current trends 193
- 8. Novel trends in technology of surfactants 223
- 9. Process simulation approach in computer aided industrial design 251
- 10. Synthesis and synthetic mechanism of Polylactic acid 281
- Index 297
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter i
- Preface v
- Contents vii
- List of contributing authors xiii
- 1. Inorganic acids – technology background and future perspectives 1
- 2. Innovative processes in the production of inorganic bases and derived salts of current interest 33
- 3. Technology of simple hydrocarbon intermediates 65
- 4. Technology of large volume alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters 101
- 5. Trends in technology of oxygen containing hydrocarbons: aldehydes, ketones, ethers 147
- 6. Novel technologies of nitrogen-based compounds 163
- 7. Halogened hydrocarbons – current trends 193
- 8. Novel trends in technology of surfactants 223
- 9. Process simulation approach in computer aided industrial design 251
- 10. Synthesis and synthetic mechanism of Polylactic acid 281
- Index 297
