Epic fragments
-
Silvio Bär
und Elisabeth Schedel
Abstract
The epic poems of antiquity that have survived to the present day in their complete form constitute only a small part of what originally was composed. In many cases, we only know the titles and/or have synopses of the numerous epics which are now lost, or we only have sparse fragments consisting of as little as single words or lines that were cited by grammarians and antiquarians, generally without much context. Fragments and summaries are therefore rarely sufficient to allow coherent propositions on structural elements and narrative patterns. In this chapter, several questions will be addressed that arise from the seemingly inescapable conflict between the fragmentary state of the poems in question and a narratological approach: is it possible to find recurrent structural elements and narrative patterns in epic fragments? Which methodological requirements could plausibly be useful with respect to analysing fragments along those lines? And, what additional value can be gained from such an analysis? To this end, a selection of important fragments from ancient epic is analysed and discussed. The first main section of the chapter addresses Greek epic (esp. the so-called Epic Cycle, Panyassis’ Heraclea, and Callimachus’ Hecale); the second part is devoted to Latin epic (esp. Livius Andronicus’ Odusia, Naevius’ Bellum Poenicum, and Ennius’ Annales).
Abstract
The epic poems of antiquity that have survived to the present day in their complete form constitute only a small part of what originally was composed. In many cases, we only know the titles and/or have synopses of the numerous epics which are now lost, or we only have sparse fragments consisting of as little as single words or lines that were cited by grammarians and antiquarians, generally without much context. Fragments and summaries are therefore rarely sufficient to allow coherent propositions on structural elements and narrative patterns. In this chapter, several questions will be addressed that arise from the seemingly inescapable conflict between the fragmentary state of the poems in question and a narratological approach: is it possible to find recurrent structural elements and narrative patterns in epic fragments? Which methodological requirements could plausibly be useful with respect to analysing fragments along those lines? And, what additional value can be gained from such an analysis? To this end, a selection of important fragments from ancient epic is analysed and discussed. The first main section of the chapter addresses Greek epic (esp. the so-called Epic Cycle, Panyassis’ Heraclea, and Callimachus’ Hecale); the second part is devoted to Latin epic (esp. Livius Andronicus’ Odusia, Naevius’ Bellum Poenicum, and Ennius’ Annales).
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Acknowledgements V
- Contents IX
- Introduction 1
-
Part I: Theories of epic
- Ancient and modern theories of epic 25
- The narrative forms and mythological materials of classical epic 51
- Learning the epic formula 81
- Narratology and classical epic 99
- Epic and rhetoric 115
- Alexandrian book division and its reception in Greek and Roman epic 133
-
Part II: Classification and genre
- Intergeneric influences and interactions 167
- History and myth in Graeco-Roman epic 193
- Didactic and epic: origins, continuity, and interactions 213
- Ovid’s Metamorphoses: the naughty boy of the Graeco-Roman epic tradition 275
- Epic fragments 317
- Narrative patterns and structural elements in Greek epyllia 357
- Epic structures in classical and post-classical Roman epyllia 443
-
Part III: Core structures
- The invocation of the Muses and the plea for inspiration 489
- Closure and segmentation: endings, medial proems, book divisions 531
- ‘Almost-episodes’ in Greek and Roman epic 565
- Aetiology and genealogy in ancient epic 609
- Epic catalogues 653
- Similes and comparisons in the epic tradition 727
- Artefact ekphrasis and narrative in epic poetry from Homer to Silius 773
- Indices 807
- Front Matter 2 I
- Contents V
-
Part I: Battle scenes
- Battle scenes in ancient epic – a short introduction 3
- Arming scenes, war preparation, and spoils in ancient epic 13
- Simply the best? Epic aristeiai 39
- Single combat in ancient epic 77
- Mass combat in ancient epic 111
- Chain-combats in ancient epic 159
- Teichoscopies in classical and late antique epic 207
- Nyktomachies in Graeco-Roman epic 245
- Theomachy in Greek and Roman epic 283
- Naval battles in Greek and Roman epic 317
- River battles in Greek and Roman epic 355
- Flight, pursuit, breach of contract, and ceasefire in classical epic 391
- Epic games: structure and competition 409
- Death, wounds, and violence in ancient epic 447
- Death, ritual, and burial from Homer to the Flavians 483
- Indices 523
- Front Matter 3 I
- Contents V
-
Part II: Journeys and related scenes
- Epic journeys and related scenes – a short introduction 3
- Arrival and reception scenes in the epic tradition from Homer to Silius 13
- Banquet scenes in ancient epic 55
- Scenes of departure by sea in the epic tradition from Homer to Silius 89
- Sea-storms in ancient epic 125
-
Part III: Time
- Time in ancient epic – a short introduction 171
- Time in Greek epic 183
- ‘Time as such’: chronotopes and periphrases of time in Latin epic 215
-
Part IV: Space
- An introduction to the concept of space in ancient epic 245
- Cities in ancient epic 261
- Landscapes in Greek epic 303
- Landscapes in Latin epic 325
- Mythical places in ancient epic 361
- Abodes of the gods in ancient epic 409
- Abodes of the dead in ancient epic 433
-
Part V: Communication
- Principles of communication in Greek and Roman epic-a short introduction 471
- Messenger scenes in Greek epic 481
- Messenger scenes in Roman epic 501
- Dream scenes in ancient epic 563
- Prophecies in Greek epic 597
- Prophecies in Roman epic 615
- Apparition scenes in ancient epic 685
- Divine council scenes in ancient epic 719
- Necromancies in ancient epic 747
- Indices 799
- Front Matter 4 I
- Contents V
- The origin, tradition, and reinvention of epic structures – a short introduction 1
- Poetic form and narrative theme in early Greek and Akkadian epic 7
- The transformation of the epic genre in Late Antiquity 25
- Greek biblical epic: Nonnus’ Paraphrase and Eudocia’s Homerocentones 53
- Between imitation and transformation: the (un)conventional use of epic structures in the Latin biblical poetry of Late Antiquity 79
- Epic forms and structures in late antique Vergilian centos 135
- The tradition of epic poetry in Byzantine literature 175
- Medieval epicity and the deconstruction of classical epic 211
- Narrative structures in Neo-Latin epic from 1440 to 1500 257
- Narrative structures in Neo-Latin epic: 16th–19th century 301
- Experiments in digital publishing: creating a digital compendium 331
- Overview: Graeco-Roman epyllia and epics from Homer to Late Antiquity 349
- Core bibliography 357
- Indices 389
- List of contributors 417
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Acknowledgements V
- Contents IX
- Introduction 1
-
Part I: Theories of epic
- Ancient and modern theories of epic 25
- The narrative forms and mythological materials of classical epic 51
- Learning the epic formula 81
- Narratology and classical epic 99
- Epic and rhetoric 115
- Alexandrian book division and its reception in Greek and Roman epic 133
-
Part II: Classification and genre
- Intergeneric influences and interactions 167
- History and myth in Graeco-Roman epic 193
- Didactic and epic: origins, continuity, and interactions 213
- Ovid’s Metamorphoses: the naughty boy of the Graeco-Roman epic tradition 275
- Epic fragments 317
- Narrative patterns and structural elements in Greek epyllia 357
- Epic structures in classical and post-classical Roman epyllia 443
-
Part III: Core structures
- The invocation of the Muses and the plea for inspiration 489
- Closure and segmentation: endings, medial proems, book divisions 531
- ‘Almost-episodes’ in Greek and Roman epic 565
- Aetiology and genealogy in ancient epic 609
- Epic catalogues 653
- Similes and comparisons in the epic tradition 727
- Artefact ekphrasis and narrative in epic poetry from Homer to Silius 773
- Indices 807
- Front Matter 2 I
- Contents V
-
Part I: Battle scenes
- Battle scenes in ancient epic – a short introduction 3
- Arming scenes, war preparation, and spoils in ancient epic 13
- Simply the best? Epic aristeiai 39
- Single combat in ancient epic 77
- Mass combat in ancient epic 111
- Chain-combats in ancient epic 159
- Teichoscopies in classical and late antique epic 207
- Nyktomachies in Graeco-Roman epic 245
- Theomachy in Greek and Roman epic 283
- Naval battles in Greek and Roman epic 317
- River battles in Greek and Roman epic 355
- Flight, pursuit, breach of contract, and ceasefire in classical epic 391
- Epic games: structure and competition 409
- Death, wounds, and violence in ancient epic 447
- Death, ritual, and burial from Homer to the Flavians 483
- Indices 523
- Front Matter 3 I
- Contents V
-
Part II: Journeys and related scenes
- Epic journeys and related scenes – a short introduction 3
- Arrival and reception scenes in the epic tradition from Homer to Silius 13
- Banquet scenes in ancient epic 55
- Scenes of departure by sea in the epic tradition from Homer to Silius 89
- Sea-storms in ancient epic 125
-
Part III: Time
- Time in ancient epic – a short introduction 171
- Time in Greek epic 183
- ‘Time as such’: chronotopes and periphrases of time in Latin epic 215
-
Part IV: Space
- An introduction to the concept of space in ancient epic 245
- Cities in ancient epic 261
- Landscapes in Greek epic 303
- Landscapes in Latin epic 325
- Mythical places in ancient epic 361
- Abodes of the gods in ancient epic 409
- Abodes of the dead in ancient epic 433
-
Part V: Communication
- Principles of communication in Greek and Roman epic-a short introduction 471
- Messenger scenes in Greek epic 481
- Messenger scenes in Roman epic 501
- Dream scenes in ancient epic 563
- Prophecies in Greek epic 597
- Prophecies in Roman epic 615
- Apparition scenes in ancient epic 685
- Divine council scenes in ancient epic 719
- Necromancies in ancient epic 747
- Indices 799
- Front Matter 4 I
- Contents V
- The origin, tradition, and reinvention of epic structures – a short introduction 1
- Poetic form and narrative theme in early Greek and Akkadian epic 7
- The transformation of the epic genre in Late Antiquity 25
- Greek biblical epic: Nonnus’ Paraphrase and Eudocia’s Homerocentones 53
- Between imitation and transformation: the (un)conventional use of epic structures in the Latin biblical poetry of Late Antiquity 79
- Epic forms and structures in late antique Vergilian centos 135
- The tradition of epic poetry in Byzantine literature 175
- Medieval epicity and the deconstruction of classical epic 211
- Narrative structures in Neo-Latin epic from 1440 to 1500 257
- Narrative structures in Neo-Latin epic: 16th–19th century 301
- Experiments in digital publishing: creating a digital compendium 331
- Overview: Graeco-Roman epyllia and epics from Homer to Late Antiquity 349
- Core bibliography 357
- Indices 389
- List of contributors 417