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8. Thomas Carlyle, Sartor Resartus (1833–1834)

  • Natalie Roxburgh and Felix Sprang
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Handbook of the English Novel, 1830–1900
This chapter is in the book Handbook of the English Novel, 1830–1900

Abstract

This chapter sheds light on one of the most difficult thinkers and writers of the Victorian period: Thomas Carlyle. We scrutinise the political and philosophical dimension of Carlyle’s only work of prose fiction, the satirical novel Sartor Resartus, and we read the text as an adaptation of key concepts from German idealism and phenomenology. Carlyle’s criticism of political economy as it had evolved in nineteenth-century Britain facilitates our understanding of the novel, and we discuss the work’s formal aspects as well as its central imagery, the Philosophy of Clothes. We argue that Sartor Resartus is an experimental novel that challenges conventional plot-driven modes of narration and thus criticises a cause-and-effect mentality as well as a purpose-driven efficiency that is at the heart of Victorian culture. Instead, the novel urges readers to embrace transcendentalism as a means to accept the contingencies of life and to refute narrative mystifications of social realism that, with hindsight, always make sense of individual experiences and social changes through a utilitarian logic. It is our contention that Carlyle’s novel, through its form, imagery, and mode of narration, gestures towards a stance that escapes fatalism and thus empowers readers to embrace possible modes of political agency.

Abstract

This chapter sheds light on one of the most difficult thinkers and writers of the Victorian period: Thomas Carlyle. We scrutinise the political and philosophical dimension of Carlyle’s only work of prose fiction, the satirical novel Sartor Resartus, and we read the text as an adaptation of key concepts from German idealism and phenomenology. Carlyle’s criticism of political economy as it had evolved in nineteenth-century Britain facilitates our understanding of the novel, and we discuss the work’s formal aspects as well as its central imagery, the Philosophy of Clothes. We argue that Sartor Resartus is an experimental novel that challenges conventional plot-driven modes of narration and thus criticises a cause-and-effect mentality as well as a purpose-driven efficiency that is at the heart of Victorian culture. Instead, the novel urges readers to embrace transcendentalism as a means to accept the contingencies of life and to refute narrative mystifications of social realism that, with hindsight, always make sense of individual experiences and social changes through a utilitarian logic. It is our contention that Carlyle’s novel, through its form, imagery, and mode of narration, gestures towards a stance that escapes fatalism and thus empowers readers to embrace possible modes of political agency.

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Editors’ Preface V
  3. Contents VII
  4. 0. Metamorphoses in English Culture and the Novel, 1830–1900: An Introduction 1
  5. Part I: Systematic Questions
  6. 1. Science and the Victorian Novel 23
  7. 2. Remediating Nineteenth-Century Narrative 51
  8. 3. God on the Wane? The Victorian Novel and Religion 71
  9. 4. Genres and Poetology: The Novel and the Way towards Aesthetic Self-Consciousness 87
  10. 5. The Art of Novel Writing: Victorian Theories 107
  11. 6. Victorian Gender Relations and the Novel 121
  12. 7. Empire – Economy – Materiality 149
  13. Part II: Close Readings
  14. 8. Thomas Carlyle, Sartor Resartus (1833–1834) 173
  15. 9. Benjamin Disraeli, Sybil, or The Two Nations (1845) 189
  16. 10. Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre (1847) 205
  17. 11. Emily Brontë, Wuthering Heights (1847) 221
  18. 12. Anne Brontë, Agnes Grey (1847) 237
  19. 13. William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair (1847–1848) 253
  20. 14. Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, Mary Barton (1848) 273
  21. 15. Charles Kingsley, Yeast: A Problem (1851) 289
  22. 16. Charles Dickens, Bleak House (1853) 305
  23. 17. Anthony Trollope, Doctor Thorne (1858) 321
  24. 18. Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Lady Audley’s Secret (1862) 337
  25. 19. Lewis Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) 351
  26. 20. Wilkie Collins, The Moonstone (1868) 367
  27. 21. Edward Bulwer-Lytton, The Coming Race (1871) 381
  28. 22. George Eliot, Middlemarch (1871–1872; 1874) 397
  29. 23. George Meredith, The Egoist (1879) 415
  30. 24. Walter Pater, Marius the Epicurean (1885) 431
  31. 25. Robert Louis Stevenson, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886) 445
  32. 26. Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) 461
  33. 27. Sarah Grand, The Heavenly Twins (1893) 479
  34. 28. George Moore, Esther Waters (1894) 495
  35. 29. Mona Caird, The Daughters of Danaus (1894) 511
  36. 30. Thomas Hardy, Jude the Obscure (1895) 529
  37. 31. H. G. Wells, The Time Machine (1895) 547
  38. 32. Bram Stoker, Dracula (1897) 565
  39. 33. Henry James, What Maisie Knew (1897) 581
  40. 34. Joseph Conrad, Lord Jim (1900) 597
  41. 35. Rudyard Kipling, Kim (1900–1901) 613
  42. 36. Samuel Butler, The Way of All Flesh (1903) 629
  43. Index of Subjects 645
  44. Index of Names 659
  45. List of Contributors 675
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110376715-009

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Editors’ Preface V
  3. Contents VII
  4. 0. Metamorphoses in English Culture and the Novel, 1830–1900: An Introduction 1
  5. Part I: Systematic Questions
  6. 1. Science and the Victorian Novel 23
  7. 2. Remediating Nineteenth-Century Narrative 51
  8. 3. God on the Wane? The Victorian Novel and Religion 71
  9. 4. Genres and Poetology: The Novel and the Way towards Aesthetic Self-Consciousness 87
  10. 5. The Art of Novel Writing: Victorian Theories 107
  11. 6. Victorian Gender Relations and the Novel 121
  12. 7. Empire – Economy – Materiality 149
  13. Part II: Close Readings
  14. 8. Thomas Carlyle, Sartor Resartus (1833–1834) 173
  15. 9. Benjamin Disraeli, Sybil, or The Two Nations (1845) 189
  16. 10. Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre (1847) 205
  17. 11. Emily Brontë, Wuthering Heights (1847) 221
  18. 12. Anne Brontë, Agnes Grey (1847) 237
  19. 13. William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair (1847–1848) 253
  20. 14. Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, Mary Barton (1848) 273
  21. 15. Charles Kingsley, Yeast: A Problem (1851) 289
  22. 16. Charles Dickens, Bleak House (1853) 305
  23. 17. Anthony Trollope, Doctor Thorne (1858) 321
  24. 18. Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Lady Audley’s Secret (1862) 337
  25. 19. Lewis Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) 351
  26. 20. Wilkie Collins, The Moonstone (1868) 367
  27. 21. Edward Bulwer-Lytton, The Coming Race (1871) 381
  28. 22. George Eliot, Middlemarch (1871–1872; 1874) 397
  29. 23. George Meredith, The Egoist (1879) 415
  30. 24. Walter Pater, Marius the Epicurean (1885) 431
  31. 25. Robert Louis Stevenson, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886) 445
  32. 26. Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) 461
  33. 27. Sarah Grand, The Heavenly Twins (1893) 479
  34. 28. George Moore, Esther Waters (1894) 495
  35. 29. Mona Caird, The Daughters of Danaus (1894) 511
  36. 30. Thomas Hardy, Jude the Obscure (1895) 529
  37. 31. H. G. Wells, The Time Machine (1895) 547
  38. 32. Bram Stoker, Dracula (1897) 565
  39. 33. Henry James, What Maisie Knew (1897) 581
  40. 34. Joseph Conrad, Lord Jim (1900) 597
  41. 35. Rudyard Kipling, Kim (1900–1901) 613
  42. 36. Samuel Butler, The Way of All Flesh (1903) 629
  43. Index of Subjects 645
  44. Index of Names 659
  45. List of Contributors 675
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