Chapter 3 Nanofertilizers: recent approach in crop production
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Katarina Kráľová
Abstract
Anthropogenic agricultural and industrial activities resulted in the global degradation of large areas, whereby the overuse of agrochemicals due to low nutrient use efficiency by crops since the mid-twentieth century contributed to a pronounced decline in agricultural soil fertility, resulting in deficiency of some essential nutrients needed for healthy growth and development of crops. With the boom of nanotechnologies over the last 20 years, the benefits of using nanosized fertilizers come to the fore over conventional ones, as they can slow the release of nutrients, ensure controlled release of nutrients, and lower doses of active ingredients that are sufficient to achieve comparable or better biological effects than the respective bulk conventional fertilizers. Lower environmental contamination during the application of nanosized fertilizers as well as biofortification of consumable plant organs and grains with some essential nutrients enables the production of safe and healthy food. This chapter presents an up-to-date overview of nanoscale formulations of essential macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo, and Ni) as well as nonessential micronutrients (Co, Si, and Se) needed for plants, which are used as fertilizers. Application of nanostructured materials serving as nutrient carriers such as hydroxyapatite and nanoclays, and polymeric materials used for coating of nanosized nutrients, enabling slow and controlled release of nutrients, is discussed as well. The beneficial impact of nanofertilizers on crop yield and nutritional quality, including the respective mode of action, is emphasized, together with the ability of nanofertilizers to alleviate the adverse effects of both abiotic and biotic stresses on crops.
Abstract
Anthropogenic agricultural and industrial activities resulted in the global degradation of large areas, whereby the overuse of agrochemicals due to low nutrient use efficiency by crops since the mid-twentieth century contributed to a pronounced decline in agricultural soil fertility, resulting in deficiency of some essential nutrients needed for healthy growth and development of crops. With the boom of nanotechnologies over the last 20 years, the benefits of using nanosized fertilizers come to the fore over conventional ones, as they can slow the release of nutrients, ensure controlled release of nutrients, and lower doses of active ingredients that are sufficient to achieve comparable or better biological effects than the respective bulk conventional fertilizers. Lower environmental contamination during the application of nanosized fertilizers as well as biofortification of consumable plant organs and grains with some essential nutrients enables the production of safe and healthy food. This chapter presents an up-to-date overview of nanoscale formulations of essential macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo, and Ni) as well as nonessential micronutrients (Co, Si, and Se) needed for plants, which are used as fertilizers. Application of nanostructured materials serving as nutrient carriers such as hydroxyapatite and nanoclays, and polymeric materials used for coating of nanosized nutrients, enabling slow and controlled release of nutrients, is discussed as well. The beneficial impact of nanofertilizers on crop yield and nutritional quality, including the respective mode of action, is emphasized, together with the ability of nanofertilizers to alleviate the adverse effects of both abiotic and biotic stresses on crops.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Preface V
- Contents VII
- Chapter 1 Nanomaterials: classification, synthesis methods, and physicochemical characterization 1
- Chapter 2 Nanoparticles and medicinal plants: a visualized analysis of the core and theme content of the reports in the period of 2018–2022 59
- Chapter 3 Nanofertilizers: recent approach in crop production 93
- Chapter 4 Iron-based nanomaterials are emerging nanofertilizers to fulfil iron deficiency 145
- Chapter 5 Nanoparticles as soil amendments 163
- Chapter 6 Utilization of nanoparticles in plant protection against biotic stresses 181
- Chapter 7 Recent advances in nano-enabled agriculture for improving plant performances under abiotic stress condition 197
- Chapter 8 Nanomaterials as new techniques in plant priming technology 247
- Chapter 9 Nanoparticles for the improved horticultural crop production 271
- Chapter 10 Nanomaterials and postharvest management of horticultural crops 283
- About the editors 311
- List of contributors 313
- Index 317
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Preface V
- Contents VII
- Chapter 1 Nanomaterials: classification, synthesis methods, and physicochemical characterization 1
- Chapter 2 Nanoparticles and medicinal plants: a visualized analysis of the core and theme content of the reports in the period of 2018–2022 59
- Chapter 3 Nanofertilizers: recent approach in crop production 93
- Chapter 4 Iron-based nanomaterials are emerging nanofertilizers to fulfil iron deficiency 145
- Chapter 5 Nanoparticles as soil amendments 163
- Chapter 6 Utilization of nanoparticles in plant protection against biotic stresses 181
- Chapter 7 Recent advances in nano-enabled agriculture for improving plant performances under abiotic stress condition 197
- Chapter 8 Nanomaterials as new techniques in plant priming technology 247
- Chapter 9 Nanoparticles for the improved horticultural crop production 271
- Chapter 10 Nanomaterials and postharvest management of horticultural crops 283
- About the editors 311
- List of contributors 313
- Index 317
