Chapter 7. “Computational linguistics” as the horizon of projection of early machine translation
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Jacqueline Léon
Abstract
In my paper, I will discuss the articulation between the horizon of projection (the anticipation of the evolution of a field of knowledge) and the horizon of retrospection (its background) in the special case of early machine translation. Because its horizon of retrospection (World War II sciences and technologies, information theory and mathematical logic) did not include linguistics, the horizon of projection of machine translation could not be high quality machine translation, but formal and computational linguistics. The horizon of computational linguistics thus projected was piloted and installed by institutions, funded and evaluated by state agencies, with conclusions and recommendations stated by expert reports, illustrating a new form of relationship between institution and sciences.
Abstract
In my paper, I will discuss the articulation between the horizon of projection (the anticipation of the evolution of a field of knowledge) and the horizon of retrospection (its background) in the special case of early machine translation. Because its horizon of retrospection (World War II sciences and technologies, information theory and mathematical logic) did not include linguistics, the horizon of projection of machine translation could not be high quality machine translation, but formal and computational linguistics. The horizon of computational linguistics thus projected was piloted and installed by institutions, funded and evaluated by state agencies, with conclusions and recommendations stated by expert reports, illustrating a new form of relationship between institution and sciences.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- 日本言語政策学会 / Japan Association for Language Policy. 言語政策 / Language Policy 10. 2014 i
- Table of contents v
- Foreword & acknowledgments 1
- Editors’ introduction 3
-
Part 1. General and particular issues in the history of linguistics
- Chapter 1. Can linguistics and historiography of linguistics profit from each other? 14
- Chapter 2. Type or descent? 31
- Chapter 3. Le futur antérieur des linguistes (fin 19 e – début 20 e siècle) 47
- Chapter 4. Ethics and language in (and around) Philipp Wegener 60
- Chapter 5. Walter Benjamin’s idea of language 77
- Chapter 6. Eléments pour une histoire de l’interprétation 88
- Chapter 7. “Computational linguistics” as the horizon of projection of early machine translation 102
-
Part 2. Antiquity
- Chapter 8. Declension and description 116
- Chapter 9. Constituent-order in Sanskrit Bahuvrīhi compounds 129
- Chapter 10. The internal order of Sanskrit compounds 145
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Part 3. Sixteenth to twentieth century works
- Chapter 11. How far are the horizons of descriptive linguistics? 160
- Chapter 12. The relevance of B. Delbrück’s work on Indo-European syntax (a century after his death) 179
- Chapter 13. Three documents bearing on the foundation of the Linguistic Society of America in the age of scientific racism 198
- Chapter 14. Archival resources for the study of the historiography of American linguistics 211
- Chapter 15. Courses in general linguistics by Roman Jakobson at the École Libre des Hautes Études 220
- Chapter 16. Contribution de Agostino Gemelli (1878–1959) à l’analyse des variations phoniques du langage 238
- Chapter 17. The structuralist quest for general meanings 248
- 日本言語政策学会 / Japan Association for Language Policy. 言語政策 / Language Policy 10. 2014 279
- 日本言語政策学会 / Japan Association for Language Policy. 言語政策 / Language Policy 10. 2014 283
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- 日本言語政策学会 / Japan Association for Language Policy. 言語政策 / Language Policy 10. 2014 i
- Table of contents v
- Foreword & acknowledgments 1
- Editors’ introduction 3
-
Part 1. General and particular issues in the history of linguistics
- Chapter 1. Can linguistics and historiography of linguistics profit from each other? 14
- Chapter 2. Type or descent? 31
- Chapter 3. Le futur antérieur des linguistes (fin 19 e – début 20 e siècle) 47
- Chapter 4. Ethics and language in (and around) Philipp Wegener 60
- Chapter 5. Walter Benjamin’s idea of language 77
- Chapter 6. Eléments pour une histoire de l’interprétation 88
- Chapter 7. “Computational linguistics” as the horizon of projection of early machine translation 102
-
Part 2. Antiquity
- Chapter 8. Declension and description 116
- Chapter 9. Constituent-order in Sanskrit Bahuvrīhi compounds 129
- Chapter 10. The internal order of Sanskrit compounds 145
-
Part 3. Sixteenth to twentieth century works
- Chapter 11. How far are the horizons of descriptive linguistics? 160
- Chapter 12. The relevance of B. Delbrück’s work on Indo-European syntax (a century after his death) 179
- Chapter 13. Three documents bearing on the foundation of the Linguistic Society of America in the age of scientific racism 198
- Chapter 14. Archival resources for the study of the historiography of American linguistics 211
- Chapter 15. Courses in general linguistics by Roman Jakobson at the École Libre des Hautes Études 220
- Chapter 16. Contribution de Agostino Gemelli (1878–1959) à l’analyse des variations phoniques du langage 238
- Chapter 17. The structuralist quest for general meanings 248
- 日本言語政策学会 / Japan Association for Language Policy. 言語政策 / Language Policy 10. 2014 279
- 日本言語政策学会 / Japan Association for Language Policy. 言語政策 / Language Policy 10. 2014 283