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Chapter 14. Words on the brain

The bilingual mental lexicon
  • Susan C. Bobb and Judith F. Kroll
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Bilingual Cognition and Language
This chapter is in the book Bilingual Cognition and Language

Abstract

In this chapter, we view the recent evidence on the bilingual lexicon that points to a dynamic view of lexical processes. In contrast to earlier assumptions that words in the bilingual’s two languages were represented and processed independently, the findings of studies with both adults and children demonstrate that words in both languages are activated in parallel. Critically, the co-activation of the two languages does not depend on their structural similarity but on the very presence of the two languages themselves. The consequences of cross-language activation can be seen in language processing, not only from the first language (L1) to the second (L2) but also from the L2 to the L1. They can also be seen in the recruitment of cognitive resources in response to the demands of language processing and in the way that words come to influence language processes at the level of the grammar. From this perspective, the lexicon is far more than a collection of words but a lens into the dynamics of bilingualism.

Abstract

In this chapter, we view the recent evidence on the bilingual lexicon that points to a dynamic view of lexical processes. In contrast to earlier assumptions that words in the bilingual’s two languages were represented and processed independently, the findings of studies with both adults and children demonstrate that words in both languages are activated in parallel. Critically, the co-activation of the two languages does not depend on their structural similarity but on the very presence of the two languages themselves. The consequences of cross-language activation can be seen in language processing, not only from the first language (L1) to the second (L2) but also from the L2 to the L1. They can also be seen in the recruitment of cognitive resources in response to the demands of language processing and in the way that words come to influence language processes at the level of the grammar. From this perspective, the lexicon is far more than a collection of words but a lens into the dynamics of bilingualism.

Chapters in this book

  1. Prelim pages i
  2. Table of contents v
  3. Chapter 1. Studies in bilingualism 1
  4. Part I. Theoretical accounts
  5. Chapter 2. Bilingual child acquisition through the lens of sociolinguistic approaches 15
  6. Chapter 3. Usage-based approaches to second language acquisition 37
  7. Chapter 4. Formal linguistics and second language acquisition 57
  8. Part II. Child bilingualism
  9. Chapter 5. Simultaneous child bilingualism 81
  10. Chapter 6. Child L2 acquisition 103
  11. Chapter 7. The role of language input environments for language outcomes and language acquisition in young bilingual children 127
  12. Chapter 8. Literacy development in linguistically diverse pupils 155
  13. Chapter 9. CHILDES for bilingualism 183
  14. Part III. Adult bilingualism
  15. Chapter 10. Syntactic representations in late learners of a second language 205
  16. Chapter 11. First language attrition and bilingualism 225
  17. Chapter 12. Different situations, similar outcomes 251
  18. Part IV. Bilingual cognition, neuroscience and impairment
  19. Chapter 13. Bilingualism and executive function 283
  20. Chapter 14. Words on the brain 307
  21. Chapter 15. Neurobiology of bilingualism 325
  22. Chapter 16. Bilingualism and children with developmental language and communication disorders 347
  23. Chapter 17. Understanding the nature of bilingual aphasia 371
  24. Index 401
https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.54.14bob

Chapters in this book

  1. Prelim pages i
  2. Table of contents v
  3. Chapter 1. Studies in bilingualism 1
  4. Part I. Theoretical accounts
  5. Chapter 2. Bilingual child acquisition through the lens of sociolinguistic approaches 15
  6. Chapter 3. Usage-based approaches to second language acquisition 37
  7. Chapter 4. Formal linguistics and second language acquisition 57
  8. Part II. Child bilingualism
  9. Chapter 5. Simultaneous child bilingualism 81
  10. Chapter 6. Child L2 acquisition 103
  11. Chapter 7. The role of language input environments for language outcomes and language acquisition in young bilingual children 127
  12. Chapter 8. Literacy development in linguistically diverse pupils 155
  13. Chapter 9. CHILDES for bilingualism 183
  14. Part III. Adult bilingualism
  15. Chapter 10. Syntactic representations in late learners of a second language 205
  16. Chapter 11. First language attrition and bilingualism 225
  17. Chapter 12. Different situations, similar outcomes 251
  18. Part IV. Bilingual cognition, neuroscience and impairment
  19. Chapter 13. Bilingualism and executive function 283
  20. Chapter 14. Words on the brain 307
  21. Chapter 15. Neurobiology of bilingualism 325
  22. Chapter 16. Bilingualism and children with developmental language and communication disorders 347
  23. Chapter 17. Understanding the nature of bilingual aphasia 371
  24. Index 401
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