Thermoplastic Blends of PP and Waste Rubber Powder: Effects of Compatibilizer on Tensile Properties, Thermal Behavior and Decomposition Kinetics
-
J.-N. Yang
Abstract
To improve the performances of waste rubber powder filled polypropylene (PP/WRP) blends, WRP was modified by γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) via mechano-chemical method, and then maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted PP (mPP) and MAH grafted ethylene-α-octene copolymer (mEOC) were chosen as the interfacial compatibilizers. The PP/WRP blends were prepared by melt-compounding and compression, and their morphological structures, tensile properties and thermal behavior were investigated carefully. Results showed that modification of APTES decreased the surface energy of WRP and facilitated its compatibility to PP. Both mPP and mEOC could further enhance their interfacial bonding and mPP was superior to mEOC in increasing the tensile strength and elastic modulus. Thermal analysis revealed relative lower melting temperature and crystallinity but higher activation energy for PLA/WRP blends in comparison to pristine PP.
References
Adhikari, B., De, D. and Maiti, S., “Reclamation and Recycling of Waste Rubber”, Prog. Polym. Sci., 25, 909–948 (2000) 10.1016/S0079-6700(00)00020-4Search in Google Scholar
Bao, C., Guo, Y., Song, L. and Hu, Y., “Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposites Based on Graphene and Graphite Oxide: A Comparative Investigation of Property and Mechanism”, J. Mater. Chem., 21, 13942–13950 (2011) 10.1039/c1jm11662bSearch in Google Scholar
Carrasco, F., Pagès, P., Gámez-Pérez, J., Santana, O. O. and Maspoch, M. L., “Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Processed Poly(lactic acid)”, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 95, 2508–2514 (2010) 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.07.039Search in Google Scholar
Da Costa, H. M., Ramos, V. D. and Rocha, M. C. G., “Analysis of Thermal Properties and Impact Strength of PP/SRT, PP/EPDM and PP/SRT/EPDM Mixtures in Single Screw Extruder”, Polym. Test., 25, 498–503 (2006) 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2006.02.003Search in Google Scholar
Da Silva, A. L. N., Rocha, M. C. G., Coutinho, F. M. B., Bretas, R. E. S. and Farah, M., “Evaluation of Rheological and Mechanical Behavior of Blends Based on Polypropylene and Metallocene Elastomers”, Polym. Test., 21, 647–652 (2002) 10.1016/S0142-9418(01)00137-4Search in Google Scholar
Da Silva, A. L. N., Tavares, M. I. B., Politana, D. P., Coutinho, F. M. B. and Rocha, M. C. G., “Polymer Blends Based on Polyolefin Elastomer and Polypropylene”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 66, 2005–2014 (1997) 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19971205)66:10<2005::AID-APP17>3.0.CO;2-2Search in Google Scholar
Debapriya, D., Sukumar, M. and Basudam, A., “Reclaiming of Rubber by a Renewable Resource Material (RRM). II: Comparative Evaluation of Reclaiming Process of NR Vulcanizate by RRM and Diallyl Disulfide”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 73, 2951–2958 (1999) 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19990929)73:14<2951::AID-APP19>3.0.CO;2-BSearch in Google Scholar
El-Nemr, K. F., Khalil, A. M., “Gamma Irradiation of Treated Waste Rubber Powder and Its Composites with Waste Polyethylene”, J. Vinyl. Add. Tech., 17, 58–63 (2011) 10.1002/vnl.20245Search in Google Scholar
Gao, S. Q., Liu, H. P.: Capillary Mechanics (in Chinese), Science Press, Beijing, p. 38 (2010)Search in Google Scholar
Ghaisas, S. S., Kale, D. D., Kim, J. G. and Jo, B. W., “Blends of Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) and Waste Flexible Poly(vinyl chloride) with Waste Nitrile Rubber Powder”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 91, 1552–1558 (2004) 10.1002/app.13137Search in Google Scholar
Guo, B. H., Cao, Y., Jia, D. M. and Qiu, Q. H., “Thermoplastic Elastomers Derived from Scrap Rubber Powder/LLDPE Blend with LLDPE-graft-(Epoxidized Natural Rubber) Dual Compatibilizer”, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 289, 360–367 (2004) 10.1002/mame.200300311Search in Google Scholar
Hong, C. K., Isayev, A. I., “Plastic/Rubber Blends of Ultrasonically Devulcanized GRT with HDPE”, J. Elastomers Plast., 33, 47–71 (2001) 10.1106/5AMQ-XEAY-A05B-P1FYSearch in Google Scholar
Huntsberger, J. R.: Interfacial Energies, Contact Angles, and Adhesion, Marcel Dekker, New York, p. 13 (1981)Search in Google Scholar
Kim, H., Abdala, A. A. and Macosko, C. W., “Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites”, Macromolecules, 43, 6515–6530 (2010) 10.1021/ma100572eSearch in Google Scholar
Kissinger, H. E., “Reaction Kinetics in Differential Thermal Analysis”, Anal. Chem., 29, 1702–1706 (1957) 10.1021/ac60131a045Search in Google Scholar
Lee, S. H., Balasubramanian, M. and Kim, J. K., “Dynamic Reaction inside Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruder. II. Waste Ground Rubber Tire Powder/Polypropylene Blends”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 106, 3209–3219 (2007) 10.1002/app.26489Search in Google Scholar
Lee, S. H., Shanmugharaj, A. M., Sridharc, V., Zhang, Z. X. and Kim, J. K., “Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene and Waste Tire Powder Modified by Allylamine Blends”, Polym. Adv. Technol., 20, 620–625 (2009) 10.1002/pat.1307Search in Google Scholar
Lee, S. H., Zhang, Z. X., Xu, D., Chung, D., Oh, J. G. and Kim, J. K., “Dynamic Reaction Involving Surface Modified Waste Ground Rubber Tire Powder/Polypropylene”, Polym. Eng. Sci., 49, 168–176 (2009) 10.1002/pen.21236Search in Google Scholar
Lima, P. S., Oliveira, J. M. and Costa, V. A. F., “Crystallization Kinetics of Thermoplastic Elastomeric Blends Based on Ground Tyre Rubber”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 132, 42589 (2015) 10.1002/app.42589Search in Google Scholar
Lima, P. S., Oliveira, J. M. and Costa, V. A. F., “Partial Replacement of EPR by GTR in Highly Flowable PP/EPR Blends: Effects on Morphology and Mechanical Properties”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 132, 42011 (2015) 10.1002/app.42011Search in Google Scholar
Lima, P., Oliveira, J. and Costa, V., “Partial Replacement of EPDM by GTR in the Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on PP/EPDM: Effect on Morphology and Mechanical Properties”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 131, 40160 (2014) 10.1002/app.40160Search in Google Scholar
Liu, H., Mead, J. L. and Stacer, R. G., “Thermoplastic Elastomers and Rubber-Toughened Plastics from Recycled Rubber and Plastics”, Rubber Chem. Technol., 75, 49–63 (2002) 10.5254/1.3547672Search in Google Scholar
Magioli, M., Sirqueira, A. S. and Soares, B. G., “The Effect of Dynamic Vulcanization on the Mechanical, Dynamic Mechanical and Fatigue Properties of TPV Based on Polypropylene and Ground Tire Rubber”, Polym, Test., 29, 840–848 (2010) 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.07.008Search in Google Scholar
Ouyang, C. F., Gao, Q., Shi, Y. T. and Shan, X. Q., “Compatibilizer in Waste Tire Powder and Low-Density Polyethylene Blends and the Blends Modified Asphalt”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 123, 485–492 (2012) 10.1002/app.34634Search in Google Scholar
Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M. and Kriz, G. S.: Introduction to Spectroscopy: A Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry, 3rd Edition, Harcourt Brace College Publishers, Washington, p. 48 (2000)Search in Google Scholar
Shanmugharaj, A. M., Kim, J. K. and Ryu, S. H., “UV Surface Modification of Waste Tire Powder: Characterization and Its Influence on the Properties of Polypropylene/Waste Powder Composites”, Polym. Test., 24, 739–745 (2005) 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2005.04.006Search in Google Scholar
Sonnier, R., Leroy, E., Clerc, L., Bergeret, A. and Lopez-Cuesta, J.M., “Polyethylene/Ground Tyre Rubber Blends: Influence of Particle Morphology and Oxidation on Mechanical Properties”, Polym. Test., 26, 274–281 (2007) 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2006.10.011Search in Google Scholar
Sonnier, R., Leroy, E., Clerc, L., Bergeret, A. and Lopez-Cuesta, J. M., “Compatibilisation of Polyethylene/Ground Tyre Rubber Blends by γ Irradiation”, Polym, Degrad, Stab., 91, 2375–2379 (2006) 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.04.001Search in Google Scholar
Tan, K. L., Li, C. X., Meng, H. and Wang, Z. H., “Preparation and Characterization of Thermoplastic Elastomer of Poly(vinyl chloride) and Chlorinated Waste Rubber”, Polym. Test., 28, 2–7 (2009). 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2008.08.003Search in Google Scholar
Van der Wal, A., Mulder, J. J., Oderkerk, J. and Gaymans, R. J., “Polypropylene–Rubber Blends: 1. the Effect of the Matrix Properties on the Impact Behaviour”, Polymer, 39, 6781–6787 (1998) 10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00170-0Search in Google Scholar
Wu, S.: Polymer Interface and Adhesion, CRC Press, New York, p. 89 (1982) 6275705Search in Google Scholar
Yang, J. N., Nie, S. B. and Zhu, J. B., “A Comparative Study on Different Rubbery Modifiers: Effect on Morphologies, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of PLA Blends”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 133, 43340 (2016) 10.1002/app.43340Search in Google Scholar
Yu, J. Y., Zhou, Z. F., Zhao, Q. N., Cheng, J. F. and Wen, D. J., “A Study of Interface Reaction between Amino Silane and Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene (in Chinese)”, Chin. J. Chem. Phys., 13, 109–112 (2000)Search in Google Scholar
Zhang, S. L., Xin, Z. X., Zhang, Z. X. and Kim, J. K., “Characterization of the Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomers Containing Waste Rubber Tire Powder”, Waste Manage., 29, 1480–1485 (2009) 19070475 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.10.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Zheng, A. N., Wang, H. G., Zhu, X. S. and Masuda, S., “Studies on the Interface of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composite”, Compos. Interfaces, 9, 319–333 (2002) 10.1163/156855402760194683Search in Google Scholar
© 2018, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Contents
- Regular Contributed Articles
- Characterizing Ultrasonic Micro-Molding Process of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
- Innovative Materials for Novel Concepts for Internal Heat Exchangers
- Thermoplastic Blends of PP and Waste Rubber Powder: Effects of Compatibilizer on Tensile Properties, Thermal Behavior and Decomposition Kinetics
- Morphology Influence of Nanoporous Nickel Phosphate on Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites
- Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Cardo Poly(aryl ether sulfone) Containing Zwitterionic Side Groups as Novel Proton Exchange Membranes
- Modeling of Solid Conveying Pressure Throughput Behavior of Single Screw Smooth Barrel Extruders under Consideration of Backpressure and High Screw Speeds
- Morphology and Properties of Unvulcanized and Dynamically Vulcanized PVC/NBR Blend Reinforced by Graphene Nanoplatelets
- Investigation of Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Epoxy Based Hybrid Composites for Microelectronics Applications
- Electrical, Morphological and Thermal Properties of Microinjection Molded Polypropylene/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites
- Production of Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Recycled PE and Ground Tire Rubber: Morphology, Mechanical Properties and Effect of Compatibilizer Addition
- Influence of PA6 as a Charring Agent on Flame Retardancy, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of LGFR PP Composites
- Numerical Investigations of Fiber Orientation Models for Injection Molded Long Fiber Composites
- Relaxation Behavior of Core-Shell Particles in PP/PMMA/PS Ternary Blends: The Effects of Composition, Viscosity Ratio and Temperature
- Effect of Addition of Styrene-Ethylene/Butylene-Styrene and the Type of Mica on the Mechanical Properties of Mica-Filled Polyethylene/Polypropylene Blends
- A Study of Concentrated Suspensions in Polyethylene Melts and the Impact on Viscosity and Polymer Processing Operations
- PPS News
- PPS News
- Seikei Kakou Abstracts
- Seikei-Kakou Abstracts
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Contents
- Regular Contributed Articles
- Characterizing Ultrasonic Micro-Molding Process of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
- Innovative Materials for Novel Concepts for Internal Heat Exchangers
- Thermoplastic Blends of PP and Waste Rubber Powder: Effects of Compatibilizer on Tensile Properties, Thermal Behavior and Decomposition Kinetics
- Morphology Influence of Nanoporous Nickel Phosphate on Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites
- Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Cardo Poly(aryl ether sulfone) Containing Zwitterionic Side Groups as Novel Proton Exchange Membranes
- Modeling of Solid Conveying Pressure Throughput Behavior of Single Screw Smooth Barrel Extruders under Consideration of Backpressure and High Screw Speeds
- Morphology and Properties of Unvulcanized and Dynamically Vulcanized PVC/NBR Blend Reinforced by Graphene Nanoplatelets
- Investigation of Thermal and Dielectric Properties of Epoxy Based Hybrid Composites for Microelectronics Applications
- Electrical, Morphological and Thermal Properties of Microinjection Molded Polypropylene/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites
- Production of Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Recycled PE and Ground Tire Rubber: Morphology, Mechanical Properties and Effect of Compatibilizer Addition
- Influence of PA6 as a Charring Agent on Flame Retardancy, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of LGFR PP Composites
- Numerical Investigations of Fiber Orientation Models for Injection Molded Long Fiber Composites
- Relaxation Behavior of Core-Shell Particles in PP/PMMA/PS Ternary Blends: The Effects of Composition, Viscosity Ratio and Temperature
- Effect of Addition of Styrene-Ethylene/Butylene-Styrene and the Type of Mica on the Mechanical Properties of Mica-Filled Polyethylene/Polypropylene Blends
- A Study of Concentrated Suspensions in Polyethylene Melts and the Impact on Viscosity and Polymer Processing Operations
- PPS News
- PPS News
- Seikei Kakou Abstracts
- Seikei-Kakou Abstracts