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Modeling Traffic-Emitted Ultrafine Particle Concentration and Intake Fraction in Corpus Christi, Texas
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Yuan Yuan
Published/Copyright:
January 11, 2011
A growing number of studies indicated that human exposure to traffic-emitted ultrafine particles (UFP) was associated with adverse health effects. In this study, we estimated the UFP concentrations and the intake fraction (iF) in Corpus Christi, Texas. The UFP concentrations were predicted at the census block level by modifying the CALINE4 Gaussian dispersion model using distance-dependant scaling functions specifically for UFPs. The scaling functions for daytime and nighttime are expressed as 0.12+1.60exp(-0.0067x) with an R2 of 0.78 and 2.58+1.17exp(-0.010x) with an R2 of 0.89, respectively, where x represents the downwind distance of the receptor from the road in meters. The scaling function was derived from the ratio of measured UFP concentrations to estimated UFP concentrations using the unmodified CALINE4 model near four freeways and was applicable for the roads with light duty vehicle fraction ranging 65-95 percent, winds near-perpendicular to the roads with speed < 3.5 m/s, 50-90 percent relative humidity, and 15-30°C temperature. In the Corpus Christi urban area, the average daily UFP concentrations were estimated 5.6×103 #/cm3 (STD: 3.1×103 #/cm3) and 6.4×103 #/cm3 (STD: 7.3×103 #/cm3) in January and July of 2006, respectively. In the downtown area with busy traffic, the average estimated UFP concentration was 7.7×103 - 9.3×103 #/cm3. The traffic-emitted UFP iFs in Corpus Christi were estimated being 5.9 per million and 7.7 per million in January and July, respectively. Despite the limitations of the input data, our results can be helpful in modeling vehicular UFP concentrations near roadways.
Published Online: 2011-1-11
©2011 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston
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