Home Physical Sciences Swelling capacity of mixed talc-like/stevensite layers in white/green clay infillings (“deweylite”/“garnierite”) from serpentine veins of faulted peridotites, New Caledonia
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Swelling capacity of mixed talc-like/stevensite layers in white/green clay infillings (“deweylite”/“garnierite”) from serpentine veins of faulted peridotites, New Caledonia

  • Lionel Fonteneau ORCID logo , Laurent Caner ORCID logo EMAIL logo , Sabine Petit , Farid Juillot , Florian Ploquin and Emmanuel Fritsch
Published/Copyright: October 29, 2020
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American Mineralogist
From the journal American Mineralogist Volume 105 Issue 10

Abstract

White (Mg-rich) and green (Ni-rich) clay infillings (“deweylite”/“garnierite”) found in serpentine veins of faulted peridotite formations from New Caledonia consist of an intimate mixture of fine-grained and poorly ordered 1:1 and 2:1 layer silicates, commonly referred to as non-expandable serpentine-like (SL) and talc-like (TL) minerals. New data on the swelling and shrinking capacity of these layer silicates were gathered from X‑ray diffraction (XRD) after saturation of the clay fractions with different cations (Ca2+, Li+, K+), ethylene glycol (EG) solvation, and heat treatments. Simultaneously, layer charge distribution and vacancy density, respectively, were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy on NH4-saturated clay fractions and XRD on Li-saturated clay fractions before and after heating (Hofmann Klemen treatment). Five clay infillings, with dominant 2:1 layer silicates and variable Ni contents, were selected for this study, from a large set of veinlets, according to their swelling capacity. The crystal chemistry of these samples was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and bulk chemical analyses.

The swelling ability of the clay infillings is attributed to the 2:1 layer silicates. It does not seem to be affected by the relative fraction of Mg and Ni in their octahedral sheets. In XRD patterns, the swelling ability is reflected by slight shifts of the basal reflection of the 2:1 layer silicates toward low angles for bulk samples and by splitting of the peak into two contributions for clay fractions saturated with Ca (or Li) and solvated with EG. The split increases with the swelling capacity of the sample. It originates mainly from octahedral-layer charge generated by vacant sites. Such results lead us to consider the 2:1 layer silicates of the infillings as an intimate mixture of non-expandable (TL) and expandable (stevensite) phases. In agreement with previous studies that suggested a contribution of hydrothermal processes in the alteration of serpentine species into 2:1 layer silicates, we propose that the proportion of expandable phases in the clay infillings (or vacancy sites in the octahedral sheets of the 2:1 layer silicates) could be used as an efficient means for assessing the temperature of their formation. Clay infillings mostly made of stevensite would have formed at ambient temperatures, whereas those consisting mainly of non-expandable TL would have formed at higher temperatures.

Keywords: Talc-like; stevensite; nickel; New Caledonia; Ni-ores

Funding statement: This research was funded by the projects “Conditions of formation of Mg/Ni silicate ores from New Caledonia” (2010, INSU CESSUR) and “Ni/Co mineralization factors of laterites derived from ultramafic rocks of New-Caledonia” (2010–2014, CNRT Nickel and its environment). The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Union (ERDF) and “Région Nouvelle Aquitaine.”

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Fabien Trotet, Pierre Epinoux, Philippe Bains, Philippe Hoffler, Gilles Monteil (SLN), Julie Michaud (SMT/SMCB), Yann Dijkstra, René Feré (CFTMC), Clément Couteau, Frédéric Villedieu (KNS), and Christian Tessarolo (Goro-VALE) who provided helpful technical reports and assistance for access to mining sites. The authors gratefully acknowledge the associate editor, and the two reviewers, G. Christidis and an anonymous reviewer, for their constructive comments, which allowed significant improvement of the manuscript.

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Received: 2019-01-31
Accepted: 2020-03-11
Published Online: 2020-10-29
Published in Print: 2020-10-27

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  2. The effects of solid-solid phase equilibria on the oxygen fugacity of the upper mantle
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  5. An evolutionary system of mineralogy. Part II: Interstellar and solar nebula primary condensation mineralogy (>4.565 Ga)
  6. Swelling capacity of mixed talc-like/stevensite layers in white/green clay infillings (“deweylite”/“garnierite”) from serpentine veins of faulted peridotites, New Caledonia
  7. Experimental observations of TiO2 activity in rutile-undersaturated melts
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  10. “EosFit-Pinc: A simple GUI for host-inclusion elastic thermobarometry” byAngel et al. (2017)—Discussion
  11. “EosFit-Pinc: A simple GUI for host-inclusion elastic thermobarometry” —Reply to Zhong et al
  12. Letter
  13. Synthesis and crystal structure of Pb-dominant tourmaline
  14. Element loss to platinum capsules in high-temperature–pressure experiments
  15. New Mineral Names
  16. Book Review
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https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-6984
Keywords for this article
Talc-like; stevensite; nickel; New Caledonia; Ni-ores

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Roebling Medal Paper
  2. The effects of solid-solid phase equilibria on the oxygen fugacity of the upper mantle
  3. Structural and spectroscopic study of the kieserite-dwornikite solid-solution series, (Mg,Ni)SO4·H2O, at ambient and low temperatures, with cosmochemical implications for icy moons and Mars
  4. Mineral compositions and thermobarometry of basalts and boninites recovered during IODP Expedition 352 to the Bonin forearc
  5. An evolutionary system of mineralogy. Part II: Interstellar and solar nebula primary condensation mineralogy (>4.565 Ga)
  6. Swelling capacity of mixed talc-like/stevensite layers in white/green clay infillings (“deweylite”/“garnierite”) from serpentine veins of faulted peridotites, New Caledonia
  7. Experimental observations of TiO2 activity in rutile-undersaturated melts
  8. Direct evidence for the source of uranium in the Baiyanghe deposit from accessory mineral alteration in the Yangzhuang granite porphyry, Xinjiang Province, northwest China
  9. Extraction of high-silica granites from an upper crustal magma reservoir: Insights from the Narusongduo magmatic system, Gangdese arc
  10. “EosFit-Pinc: A simple GUI for host-inclusion elastic thermobarometry” byAngel et al. (2017)—Discussion
  11. “EosFit-Pinc: A simple GUI for host-inclusion elastic thermobarometry” —Reply to Zhong et al
  12. Letter
  13. Synthesis and crystal structure of Pb-dominant tourmaline
  14. Element loss to platinum capsules in high-temperature–pressure experiments
  15. New Mineral Names
  16. Book Review
  17. Book Review: Fundamental Planetary Science: Physics, Chemistry and Habitability
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