A study on the effects of 532 nm continuous laser combined with photodynamic therapy versus 595 nm pulsed dye laser on a chicken comb model of vascular malformation
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Ming-Lei Wei
Abstract
Objective:
To explore the effects of 532 nm continuous laser combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) versus 595 nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) on a chicken comb model of vascular malformation.
Study design:
Ninety adult male chickens were divided into three groups (A, B and C). One comb side of the chickens was taken randomly as the treatment side, and the other side as the self-control side. Group A was irradiated once with a 532 nm continuous laser after a single intravenous injection of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME). In group B treatment side of combs was irradiated once with a 595 nm pulsed dye laser (PDL). In the control group C, the combs were treated neither with photosensitizer nor with irradiation.
Results:
Compared with the self-control sides, part of the treated combs were blanched after HMME-PDT while the histopathology showed an absence of erythrocytes and the vessel lumina were obliterated, leaving the normal overlying epidermis completely intact. At the same time selective destruction of the capillaries in the target area and obvious reduction of vascular vessel number were seen (p<0.01). In nine cases (30%) treatment was completely ineffective resulting in a total effective rate of 70% (21 cases). No scar formation was observed at all. After PDL treatment most of the treated combs were blanched while histopathology showed an absence of erythrocytes and the vessel lumina were obliterated, leaving the overlying epidermis with slight injuries and scabs. Here again, destruction of the capillaries in the target area and obvious reduction of vascular vessel number (p<0.01) were obtained. The total effective rate was 93% (28 cases); in two cases scars occurred. The combs of the control group showed no change compared with self-control sides (p>0.05).
Conclusion:
In the chicken comb model it was shown that both 532 nm HMME-PDT and 595 nm PDL treatment could damage capillaries in the superficial dermis of combs. The 532 nm HMME-PDT had fewer side effects compared with 595 nm PDL, but the inefficiency rate of 532 nm HMME-PDT group was higher than the 595 nm PDL group. No significant difference was observed in the macroscopic and histopathological results of both groups (p>0.05).
Zusammenfassung
Ziel:
Untersuchung der Effekte einer kombinierten 532 nm cw Laser-/Photodynamischen Therapie (PDT) im Vergleich zum Einsatz eines gepulsten 595 nm Farbstofflasers (PDL) am Hühnerkamm als Modell einer Gefäßmalformation.
Studiendesign:
Neunzig erwachsene männliche Hühner wurden in drei Gruppen eingeteilt (A, B und C). Nach dem Zufallsprinzip wurde eine Kamm-Seite der Hühner als Behandlungsseite, die andere als Selbstkontroll-Seite bestimmt. Gruppe A wurde nach intravenöser Injektion von Hämatoporphyrin-Monomethylether (HMME) einmalig mit einem 532 nm cw Laser bestrahlt (HMME-PDT). In Gruppe B wurde die Behandlungsseite einmalig mit dem 595 nm PDL bestrahlt. In der Kontrollgruppe C erfolgte keinerlei Behandlung, weder mit einem Photosensibilisator noch durch Laserbestrahlung.
Ergebnisse:
Im Vergleich zu den Selbstkontroll-Seiten wiesen ein Teil der mit HMME-PDT behandelten Kämme Ausbleichungen auf. In der Histopathologie konnte das Fehlen von Erythrozyten und die Obliteration von Gefäßlumina nachgewiesen werden, während die darüberliegende Epidermis vollständig intakt blieb. Gleichzeitig konnte die selektive Zerstörung der Kapillaren im Zielbereich und eine offensichtliche Reduktion der vaskulären Gefäßzahl beobachtet werden (p<0.01). In 9 Fällen (30%) war die Behandlung wirkungslos, was einer effektiven Gesamtquote von 70% entspricht (21 Fälle). Es wurde keinerlei Narbenbildung beobachtet. Nach der PDL-Behandlung wiesen die meisten der behandelten Kämme Ausbleichungen auf. In der Histopathologie wurden das Fehlen von Erythrozyten und die Obliteration von Gefäßlumina festgestellt, während die darüberliegende Epidermis leichte Verletzungen und Schorf aufwies. Auch hier war eine Zerstörung der Kapillaren im Zielbereich und eine offensichtliche Reduktion der vaskulären Gefäßzahl (p<0.01) zu beobachten. Ingesamt lag die Effektivitätsrate bei 93% (28 Fälle); in zwei Fällen traten Narben auf. Die Kämme der Kontrollgruppe zeigten keine Veränderung im Vergleich zu den Selbstkontroll-Seiten (p>0.05).
Fazit:
Im Hühnerkamm-Modell konnte gezeigt werden, dass sowohl mittels 532 nm HMME-PDT als auch 595 nm PDL-Behandlung die Kapillaren in der oberflächlichen Dermis geschädigt werden können. Die 532 nm HMME-PDT hatte im Vergleich zur 595 nm PDL-Behandlung weniger Nebenwirkungen, jedoch war die Ineffizienzrate höher. Es wurde kein signifikanter Unterschied in den makroskopischen und histologischen Ergebnissen zwischen den beiden Behandlungsgruppen beobachtet (p>0.05).
Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 81272990
Award Identifier / Grant number: 81472538
Award Identifier / Grant number: 8140120479
Funding statement: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers: ‘81272990’, ‘81472538’, and ‘8140120479’), Advanced Suitable Technology Popularization Project of Shanghai Health System (Grant number: ‘2013SY007’), Basic Research Project of Science and Technology of Shanghai (Grant number: ‘13JC1405101’), and the Joint Project of New Frontier Technology of Shanghai Shen-kang Hospital Development Center (Grant number: ‘SHDC12015123’).
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers: ‘81272990’, ‘81472538’, and ‘8140120479’), Advanced Suitable Technology Popularization Project of Shanghai Health System (Grant number: ‘2013SY007’), Basic Research Project of Science and Technology of Shanghai (Grant number: ‘13JC1405101’), and the Joint Project of New Frontier Technology of Shanghai Shen-kang Hospital Development Center (Grant number: ‘SHDC12015123’).
Conflict of interest statement: The authors state no conflict of interest. All authors have read the journal’s Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement available at the journal’s website and hereby confirm that they comply with all its parts applicable to the present scientific work.
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©2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Light and lasers for vascular and skin diseases: From bench to clinic – An update
- Magazine section
- Snapshots
- Original contributions
- A study on the effects of 532 nm continuous laser combined with photodynamic therapy versus 595 nm pulsed dye laser on a chicken comb model of vascular malformation
- Calibration of a three-dimensional photodynamic therapy illumination system and its segmentation assessment for port-wine stains
- In-vitro effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with methylene blue in two different genera of dermatophyte fungi
- Low-level laser therapy enhances muscle regeneration through modulation of inflammatory markers
- Case reports
- Treatment of recalcitrant viral warts using a 577-nm wavelength high-power optically pumped semiconductor laser
- Can laser therapy be the answer for radiodermatitis in anal cancer patients? Two case reports
- Use of a 1318 nm Nd:YAG laser for the resection of limited forms of pulmonary tuberculosis
- Congress announcements
- Congresses 2016/2017
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Light and lasers for vascular and skin diseases: From bench to clinic – An update
- Magazine section
- Snapshots
- Original contributions
- A study on the effects of 532 nm continuous laser combined with photodynamic therapy versus 595 nm pulsed dye laser on a chicken comb model of vascular malformation
- Calibration of a three-dimensional photodynamic therapy illumination system and its segmentation assessment for port-wine stains
- In-vitro effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with methylene blue in two different genera of dermatophyte fungi
- Low-level laser therapy enhances muscle regeneration through modulation of inflammatory markers
- Case reports
- Treatment of recalcitrant viral warts using a 577-nm wavelength high-power optically pumped semiconductor laser
- Can laser therapy be the answer for radiodermatitis in anal cancer patients? Two case reports
- Use of a 1318 nm Nd:YAG laser for the resection of limited forms of pulmonary tuberculosis
- Congress announcements
- Congresses 2016/2017
