60 GHz beam-tilting coplanar slotted SIW antenna array

Hamsakutty Vettikalladi; Waleed Tariq Sethi; Mohammed Himdi; Majeed Alkanhal

doi:10.1515/freq-2021-0069

Article

60 GHz beam-tilting coplanar slotted SIW antenna array

Hamsakutty Vettikalladi , Waleed Tariq Sethi , Mohammed Himdi and Majeed Alkanhal

Published/Copyright: July 13, 2021

Published by

Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Author Information

From the journal Frequenz Volume 76 Issue 1-2

Abstract

This article presents a 60 GHz coplanar fed slotted antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology for beam-tilting applications. The longitudinal passive slots are fed via associated SIW holes adjacent to the coplanar feed while the main excitation is provided from the microstrip-to-SIW transition. The antenna array achieves an impedance bandwidth of 57–64 GHz with gains reaching to 12 dBi. The passive SIW slots are excited with various orientations of coplanar feeds and associated holes covering an angular beam-tilting from −56° to +56° with an offset of 10° at the central frequency. The novelty of this work is; beam-tilting is achieved without the use of any active/passive phase shifters which improves the design in terms of losses and provide a much simpler alternative compared to the complex geometries available in the literature at the 60 GHz band.

Keyword: array; beam-tilting; coplanar slotted; 60 GHz; SIW antenna

Corresponding author: Hamsakutty Vettikalladi, Department of Electrical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia, E-mail: hvettikalladi@ksu.edu.sa

Funding source: National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation

Award Identifier / Grant number: 13-ELE1184-02-R

Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: This project was funded by the National Plan for Science, and Technology and innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Award number (13-ELE1184-02-R).
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

References

[1] M. A. Jamshed, F. Heliot, and T. W. C. Brown, “A survey on electromagnetic risk assessment and evaluation mechanism for future wireless communication systems,” IEEE J. Electromag. RF Microw. Med. Biol., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 24–36, 2019.10.1109/JERM.2019.2917766Search in Google Scholar

[2] K. A. Mekonnen, J. Zantvoort, N. Calabretta, et al.., “High-capacity dynamic indoor network employing optical-wireless and 60-GHz radio techniques,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 1851–1861, 2018; https://doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2018.2792689.Search in Google Scholar

[3] A. A. Baba, R. M. Hashmi, K. P. Esselle, et al.., “Broadband partially reflecting superstrate-based antenna for 60 GHz applications,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 4854–4859, 2019; https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2019.2916474.Search in Google Scholar

[4] M. Riobó, R. Hofman, I. Cuiñas, et al.., “Wideband performance comparison between the 40 GHz and 60 GHz frequency bands for indoor radio channels,” Electronics, vol. 8, no. 11, p. 1234, 2019; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111234.Search in Google Scholar

[5] D. D. Rio, D. Yoon, F. T. Chen, et al., “Multi-Gbps tri-band 28/38/60-GHz CMOS transmitter for millimeter-wave radio system-on-chip,” in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS), 2019, pp. 488–491.10.1109/MWSYM.2019.8701020Search in Google Scholar

[6] M. J. Jeong, N. Hussain, J. W. Park, et al.., “Millimeter‐wave microstrip patch antenna using vertically coupled split ring metaplate for gain enhancement,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 2360–2365, 2019; https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.31908.Search in Google Scholar

[7] Y. J. Zhu, C. Chu, S. Li, et al., “Low-profile wideband and high-gain LTCC patch antenna array for 60 GHz applications,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 3237–3242, 2019.10.1109/TAP.2019.2949913Search in Google Scholar

[8] W. T. Sethi, A. Alfakhri, M. A. Ashraf, et al., “State-of-the-art Antenna Technology for Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RANs),” in Cloud Computing-Architecture and Applications, Jaydip Sen, IntechOpen, 2017.10.5772/67352Search in Google Scholar

[9] W. T. Sethi, M. A. Ashraf, A. Ragheb, et al., “Demonstration of millimeter wave 5G setup employing high-gain vivaldi array,” Int. J. Antennas Propag., vol. 2018, pp. 1–12, 2018.10.1155/2018/3927153Search in Google Scholar

[10] G. Srivastava and A. Mohan, “A differential dual-polarized SIW cavity-backed slot antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 3450–3454, 2019; https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2019.2900380.Search in Google Scholar

[11] S. H. Zainud-Deen and H. A. E. A. Malhat, “Circularly polarized SIW DRA fed by ridge gap waveguide for 60 GHz communications,” Wireless Pers. Commun., vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 113–122, 2020; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07353-8.Search in Google Scholar

[12] A. Dadgarpour, M. A. Antoniades, A. Sebak, A. A. Kishk, M. Sharifi Sorkherizi, and T. A. Denidni, “High-gain 60 GHz linear antenna array loaded with electric and magnetic metamaterial resonators,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 3673–3684, 2020; https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2020.2964945.Search in Google Scholar

[13] P. Baniya and K. L. Melde, “Switched beam SIW horn arrays at 60 GHz for 360° chip-to-chip communications,”in 2021 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS), 2021, pp. 39–42.10.1109/RWS50353.2021.9360360Search in Google Scholar

[14] Y. W. Wu, Z. C. Hao, and Z. W. Miao, “A planar W-band large-scale high-gain substrate-integrated waveguide slot array,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 68, no. 8, pp. 6429–6434, 2020.10.1109/TAP.2020.2969999Search in Google Scholar

[15] S. N. Suhaimi and N. M. Mahyuddin, “Review of switched beamforming networks for scannable antenna application towards fifth generation (5G) technology,” Int. J. Integrated Eng., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 62–70, 2020; https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2020.12.06.008.Search in Google Scholar

[16] H. Ren, P. L. Yixin Gu, and B. Arigong, “Phase shifter-relaxed and control-relaxed continuous steering multiple beamforming 4 × 4 butler Matrix phased array,” in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2020.10.1109/TCSI.2020.3009215Search in Google Scholar

[17] M. A. Abbasi, V. Fusco, and M. Matthaiou, “Millimeter wave hybrid beamforming with Rotman lens: performance with hardware imperfections,” in IEEE 16th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), 2019, pp. 203–207.10.1109/ISWCS.2019.8877186Search in Google Scholar

[18] S. Dey, S. K. Koul, A. K. Poddar, et al.., “RF MEMS switches, switching networks and phase shifters for microwave to millimeter wave applications,” ISSS J. Micro Smart Syst., vol. S9, no. 1, pp. 33–47, 2020; https://doi.org/10.1007/s41683-020-00051-4.Search in Google Scholar

[19] R. R. Turjo, S. M. Real, and Md. H. Sagor, “Phased array antenna with key shaped elements for 60 GHz mmWave communications,” in 2019 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), IEEE, 2019, pp. 178–181.10.1109/IWAT.2019.8730642Search in Google Scholar

[20] J. Li and D. Chu, “Liquid crystal-based enclosed coplanar waveguide phase shifter for 54–66 GHz applications,” Crystals, vol. 9, no. 12, p. 650, 2019; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst9120650.Search in Google Scholar

[21] I. Serhsouh, M. Himdi, and H. Lebbar, “Design of coplanar slotted SIW antenna arrays for beam-tilting and 5G applications,” IEEE Antenn. Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 4–8, 2020; https://doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2019.2948294.Search in Google Scholar

[22] CST Studio Suite, CST Microwave Studio, 2019. http://www.cst.com.Search in Google Scholar

[23] G. Venanzoni, D. Mencarelli, A. Morini, et al.., “Review of substrate integrated waveguide circuits for beam-forming networks working in X-band,” Appl. Sci., vol. 9, no. 5, p. 1003, 2019; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9051003.Search in Google Scholar

[24] Z. Kordiboroujeni and J. Bornemann, “Designing the width of substrate integrated waveguide structures,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 518–520, 2013; https://doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2013.2279098.Search in Google Scholar

[25] M. Akbari, M. Farahani, A. Ghayekhloo, S. Zarbakhsh, A. Sebak, and T. A. Denidni, “Beam tilting approaches based on phase gradient surface for mmWave antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 4372–4385, 2020; https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2020.2972375.Search in Google Scholar

[26] Y. I. A. Al-Yasir, H. A. H. Al-Behadili, B. A. Sawadi, et al., “New radiation pattern-reconfigurable 60-GHz antenna for 5G communications,” inModern Printed-Circuit Antennas, Hussain Al-Rizzo, IntechOpen, 2019.10.5772/intechopen.88167Search in Google Scholar

[27] Q. Guo and H. Wong, “Wideband and high-gain Fabry–Pérot cavity antenna with switched beams for millimeter-wave applications,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 4339–4347, 2019; https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2019.2905781.Search in Google Scholar

[28] J. Zhu, B. Peng, and S. Li, “Cavity-backed high-gain switch beam antenna array for 60-GHz applications,” IET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 1776–1781, 2017; https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2016.1129.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2021-03-13

Accepted: 2021-06-23

Published Online: 2021-07-13

Published in Print: 2022-01-27

You are currently not able to access this content.

Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2021-0069

Keywords for this article

array; beam-tilting; coplanar slotted; 60 GHz; SIW antenna