Between core and periphery: the development in English of a modal adverb, an evaluative adverb and a discourse connector

Primary sources

BLOB-1931 Corpus. Compiled by Geoffrey Leech and Paul Rayson (University of Lancaster).Search in Google Scholar

British National Corpus, v. 2. 2001. Distributed by Oxford University Computing Services on behalf of the BNC Consortium. <http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/>Search in Google Scholar

EEBO-TCP, Early English Books Online - Text Creation Partnership. 2015. Oxford and Ann Arbor. Via CQP-Web Lancaster. <https://cqpweb.lancs.ac.uk/>Search in Google Scholar

Freiburg-LOB Corpus (FLOB), compiled by Christian Mair, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg.Search in Google Scholar

Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen Corpus (LOB). Compiled 1970–1978 by Geoffrey Leech (Lancaster) and Stig Johansson (Oslo) with Knut Hofland (Bergen). Distributed by ICAME.Search in Google Scholar

OED Oxford English Dictionary on line, Oxford University Press. <https://www.oed.com/>Search in Google Scholar

Old Bailey Corpus 2.0 (1710–1913), based on The Old Bailey Proceedings, 1674–1913. Compiled at Justus Liebig University Giessen.Search in Google Scholar

Spoken BNC2014 (Love et al. 2017). Compiled at the University of Lancaster and Cambridge University Press. <https://cqpweb.lancs.ac.uk/>Search in Google Scholar

References

Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2021. The web of knowledge: Evidentiality at the cross-roads. Leiden: Brill.10.1163/9789004466425Search in Google Scholar

Bellert, Irena. 1977. On semantic and distributional properties of sentential adverbs. Linguistic Inquiry 8(2). 337–351.Search in Google Scholar

Biber, Douglas & Victoria Clark. 2002. Historical shifts in modification patterns with complex noun phrase structures: How long can you go without a verb? In Teresa Fanego, María Jesús López Couso & Javier Pérez Guerra (eds.), English historical syntax and morphology, 43–66. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/cilt.223.06bibSearch in Google Scholar

Bolinger, Dwight. 1972. Degree words. The Hague: Mouton.10.1515/9783110877786Search in Google Scholar

Boye, Kasper. 2024. Evidentiality, discourse prominence and grammaticalization. Studies in Language 48(3). 575–607. https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.23001.boy.Search in Google Scholar

Boye, Kasper & Peter Harder. 2012. A usage-based theory of grammatical status and grammaticalization. Language 88. 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2012.0020.Search in Google Scholar

Boye, Kasper & Peter Harder. 2021. Complement-taking predicates, parentheticals and grammaticalization. Language Sciences 88. 101416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2021.101416.Search in Google Scholar

Breivik, Leiv E. & Toril Swan. 1994. Initial adverbials and word order in English with special reference to the Early Modern English period. In Dieter Kastovsky (ed.), Studies in early modern English, 11–43. Berlin: De Gruyter.10.1515/9783110879599.11Search in Google Scholar

Brinton, Laurel J. 2017. Evolution of pragmatic markers in English: Pathways of change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/9781316416013Search in Google Scholar

Coussé, Evie, Peter Andersson & Joel Olofsson. 2018. Grammaticalization meets construction grammar. Opportunities, challenges and potential incompatibilities. In Evie Coussé, Peter Andersson & Joel Olofsson (eds.), Grammaticalization meets construction grammar, 3–19. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/cal.21.c1Search in Google Scholar

Degand, Liesbeth & Jacqueline Evers-Vermeul. 2015. Grammaticalization or pragmaticalization of discourse markers: More than a terminological issue. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 16(1). 59–85. https://doi.org/10.1075/jhp.16.1.03deg.Search in Google Scholar

Dehé, Nicole. 2007. The relation between syntactic and prosodic parenthesis. In Nicole Dehé & Yordanka Kavalova (eds.), Parentheticals, 261–284. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/la.106.15dehSearch in Google Scholar

Fischer, Olga. 2007. Morphosyntactic change: Functional and formal perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780199267040.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Greenbaum, Sidney. 1969. Studies in English adverbial usage. London: Longman.Search in Google Scholar

Hardie, Andrew. 2012. CQPweb – combining power, flexibility and usability in a corpus analysis tool. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 17(3). 380–409. https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.17.3.04har.Search in Google Scholar

Haselow, Alexander. 2013. Arguing for a wide conception of grammar: The case of final particles in spoken discourse. Folia Linguistica 47(2). 375–424. https://doi.org/10.1515/flin.2013.015.Search in Google Scholar

Haselow, Alexander. 2015. Left vs. right periphery in grammaticalization: The case of anyway. In Andrew Smith, Graeme Trousdale & Richard Waltereit (eds.), New directions in grammaticalization research, 157–186. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/slcs.166.08hasSearch in Google Scholar

Heine, Bernd. 2002. On the role of context in grammaticalization. In Ilse Wischer & Gabriele Diewald (eds.), New reflections on grammaticalization, 83–102. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/tsl.49.08heiSearch in Google Scholar

Heine, Bernd. 2013. On discourse markers: Grammaticalization, pragmaticalization, or something else? Linguistics 51(6). 1205–1247. https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2013-0048.Search in Google Scholar

Heine, Bernd, Gunther Kaltenböck, Tania Kuteva & Haiping Long. 2021. The rise of discourse markers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/9781108982856Search in Google Scholar

Himmelmann, Nikolaus P. 2004. Lexicalization and grammaticalization: Opposite or orthogonal? In Walter Bisang, Nikolaus P. Himmelmann & Björn Wiemer (eds.), What makes grammaticalization? A look from its fringes and its components, 21–42. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110197440.1.21Search in Google Scholar

Huber, Magnus, Magnus Nissel & Karin Puga. 2016. Old Bailey Corpus 2.0. hdl:11858/00-246C-0000-0023-8CFB-2.Search in Google Scholar

Huddleston, Rodney & Geoffrey K. Pullum. 2002. The Cambridge grammar of the English language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/9781316423530Search in Google Scholar

Jackendoff, Ray. 1972. Semantic interpretation in generative grammar. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Search in Google Scholar

Jasinskaya, Ekaterina, Sofiana Chiriacescu, Marta Donazzan, Klaus von Heusinger & Stefan Hinterwimmer. 2015. Prominence in discourse. In Amedeo De Dominicis (ed.), Prominences in linguistics: Proceedings of the pS-prominenceS international conference, 134–153. Viterbo: DISUCOM Press.Search in Google Scholar

Kaltenböck, Gunther, Evelien Keizer & Arne Lohmann (eds.). 2016. Outside the clause: Form and function of extra-clausal constituents. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/slcs.178Search in Google Scholar

Kemp, Lois. 2018. English evidential -ly adverbs in main clauses: A functional approach. Open Linguistics 4. 743–761. https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2018-0036.Search in Google Scholar

Lenker, Ursula. 2010. Argument and rhetoric: Adverbial connectors in the history of English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110216066Search in Google Scholar

Lenker, Ursula. 2014. Knitting and splitting information: Medial placement of linking adverbials in the history of English. In Simone E. Pfenninger, Olga Timofeeva, Anne-Christine Gardner, Alpo Honkapohja, Marianne Hundt & Daniel Schreier (eds.), Contact, variation, and change in the history of English, 11–38. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Search in Google Scholar

Lewis, Diana. 2020. Speaker stance and evaluative -ly adverbs in the Modern English period. In Gunther Kaltenböck, María José López Couso & Belén Méndez Naya (eds.), Investigating stance in English: Synchrony and diachrony. [Special issue]. Language Sciences 82, 101332.10.1016/j.langsci.2020.101332Search in Google Scholar

Love, Robbie, Claire Dembry, Andrew Hardie, Vaclav Brezina & Tony McEnery. 2017. The Spoken BNC2014: Designing and building a spoken corpus of everyday conversations. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 22(3). 319–344. https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.22.3.02lov.Search in Google Scholar

Mauri, Caterina. 2008. Coordination relations in the languages of Europe and beyond. Berlin: De Gruyter.10.1515/9783110211498Search in Google Scholar

Mélac, Eric. 2024. The links between evidentiality, modality and grammaticalization. Studies in Language 48(3). 513–542. https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.24011.mel.Search in Google Scholar

Nevalainen, Terttu. 1994. Aspects of adverbial change in Early Modern English. In Dieter Kastovsky (ed.), Studies in Early Modern English, 243–259. Berlin: De Gruyter.10.1515/9783110879599.243Search in Google Scholar

Núñez Pertejo, Paloma. 2003. Adjectival participles or present participles? On the classification of some dubious examples from the Helsinki Corpus. Sederi 13. 141–153.Search in Google Scholar

Onodera, Noriko. 2011. The grammaticalization of discourse markers. In Heiko Narrog & Bernd Heine (eds.), The Oxford handbook of grammaticalization, 611–620. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199586783.013.0050Search in Google Scholar

Paradis, Carita. 2008. Configurations, construals and change: Expressions of degree. In Belén Méndez Naya (ed.), English intensifiers. [Special issue]. English Language and Linguistics 12(2), 317–343.10.1017/S1360674308002645Search in Google Scholar

Potts, Christopher. 2005. The logic of conventional implicatures. Oxfordː Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199273829.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Rissanen, Matti. 1999. Syntax. In Roger Lass (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language, vol. III, 1476–1776, 187–331. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CHOL9780521264761.005Search in Google Scholar

Smitterberg, Eric. 2023. Syntactic change in Late Modern English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Swan, Toril. 1988. Sentence adverbials in English: A synchronic and diachronic investigation. Oslo: Novus Forlag.Search in Google Scholar

Swan, Toril. 1991. Adverbial shifts: Evidence from Norwegian and English. In Dieter Kastovsky (ed.), Historical English syntax, 409–438. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Search in Google Scholar

Swan, Toril. 1997. From manner to subject modification: Adverbialization in English. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 20(2). 179–195. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500004108.Search in Google Scholar

Tabor, Whitney & Elizabeth C. Traugott. 1998. Structural scope expansion and grammaticalization. In Anna Giacolone Ramat & Paul J. Hopper (eds.), The limits of grammaticalization, 229–272. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/tsl.37.11tabSearch in Google Scholar

Traugott, Elizabeth C. 2015. Investigating ‘periphery’ from a functionalist perspective. Linguistics Vanguard 1(1). 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2014-1003.Search in Google Scholar

Traugott, Elizabeth C. 2016. On the rise of types of clause-final pragmatic markers in English. Journal of Historical Pragmatics 17(1). 26–54. https://doi.org/10.1075/jhp.17.1.02tra.Search in Google Scholar

Traugott, Elizabeth C. 2017. Low salience as an enabling factor in morphosyntactic change. In Marianne Hundt, Sandra Molin & Simone E. Pfenninger (eds.), The changing English language: Psycholinguistic perspectives, 93–110. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/9781316091746.005Search in Google Scholar

Traugott, Elizabeth C. 2022. Discourse structuring markers in English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/cal.33Search in Google Scholar

Traugott, Elizabeth C. & Richard B. Dasher. 2002. Regularity in semantic change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511486500Search in Google Scholar

Wierzbicka, Anna. 2006. English: Meaning and culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195174748.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Ziv, Yael. 2002. This, I believe, is a processing instruction: Discourse linking via parentheticals. Proceedings of IATL 18. http://linguistics.huji.ac.il/IATL/18/Ziv.html.Search in Google Scholar