Home General Interest Framing the Qin collapse: redaction and authorship of the Shiji 史記
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Framing the Qin collapse: redaction and authorship of the Shiji 史記

  • Chun Fung Tong EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: November 26, 2021
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

This paper explores the relationship between the Shiji’s authors and their sources by examining how they constructed the historical narrative of the fall of the Qin Empire. While Sima Qian and his father Sima Tan have been traditionally credited as the authors of the Shiji, their authorial voice was recently challenged by scholars. In response to the revisionist view, this paper discerns that the Shiji maintains a consistent narrative of the Qin collapse, which is generated through rigorous source redactions whereby Sima Qian and/or Sima Tan were able to incorporate their ideological agenda and personal opinions in subtle ways that are almost invisible to the reader. With such anonymity, the historiographers succeeded in establishing the authority of their historical narratives. Rather than simply juxtaposing the narratives of their sources, the Simas indeed authored their “patterned past” of the Qin collapse. However, the past constructed in the Shiji comprises various independent narratives whose plausibility is contingent upon the respective epistemic quality of their evidence rather than a harmonious discourse.


Corresponding author: Chun Fung Tong 唐俊峰, Institut für Sinologie, Universität Heidelberg, Voßstraße 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany, E-mail:

Award Identifier / Grant number: Heidelberg Collaborative Research Centre 933 “Ma

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Enno Giele, Thies Staack, Christopher Foster, Kathrin Leese-Messing, as well as the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which have considerably sharpened the earlier drafts of this paper.

  1. Research funding: This work was supported by the Heidelberg Collaborative Research Centre 933 “Material Text Cultures” (Subproject B09 “Bamboo and Wood as Writing Materials in Early China”), which is financed by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).

References

“Hanji dianzi wenxian漢籍電子文獻 database. Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica (http://hanchi.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/).Search in Google Scholar

Allan, Sarah (2012): “On Shu 書 (Documents) and the origin of the Shang shu 尚書 (Ancient Documents) in light of recently discovered bamboo slip manuscripts.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 75. 3: 547–557.10.1017/S0041977X12000547Search in Google Scholar

Allan, Sarah (2015): Buried Ideas: Legends of Abdication and Ideal Government in Early Chinese Bamboo-Slip Manuscripts. Albany: State University of New York Press.10.1515/9781438457796Search in Google Scholar

AllenIIIJoseph R. (1981): “An Introductory Study of Narrative Structure in the Shi ji.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 3.1: 31–66.10.2307/495336Search in Google Scholar

Barbieri-Low, Anthony J. and Robin D.S. Yates (2015): Law, State, and Society in Early Imperial China: A Study with Critical Edition and Translation of the Legal Texts from Zhangjiashan Tomb no. 247. Leiden: Brill.10.1163/9789004300538Search in Google Scholar

Bielenstein, Hans (1980): The Bureaucracy of Han Times. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511759727Search in Google Scholar

Bodde, Derk (1940): Statesman, Patriot, and General in Ancient China: Three Shih Chi Biographies of the Ch’in Dynasty (255-206 B.C.). New Haven: American Oriental Society.Search in Google Scholar

Bodde, Derk (1967): China’s First Unifier: A Study of the Ch’in Dynasty as seen in the Life of Li Ssu. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Bodde, Derk (1986): “The State and Empire of Ch’in.” In: The Cambridge History of China, vol. 1: Ch’in and Han Empires 221 B.C.-A.D.220. Edited by Dennis Twitchett and Michael Loewe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 20–102.10.1017/CHOL9780521243278.003Search in Google Scholar

Cai, Liang (2014): Witchcraft and the Rise of the First Confucian Empire. Albany: State University of New York Press.10.1353/book35206Search in Google Scholar

Chen, Kanli 陳侃理 (2016): “Shiji yu Zhao Zheng shu——Lishi jiyi de zhanzheng” 《史記》與《趙正書》——歷史記憶的戰爭. In: Chūgoku shigaku 中國史學 26. Edited by Nihon Chūgokushi gakkai 日本中國史學會. Kyoto: Hoyu shoten, 25–37.Search in Google Scholar

Chen, Kanli 陳侃理 (2018): “Sima Qian yu ‘Guo Qin’ pian” 司馬遷與《過秦》篇. Lingnan xuebao 嶺南學報 10: 147–159.Search in Google Scholar

Chen, Wei 陳偉 (2018): “Yuelu shuyuan cang Qin jian (wu) jiaodu (xu san)” 《嶽麓書院藏秦簡〔伍〕》校讀(續三). Jianbowang. http://www.bsm.org.cn/show_article.php?id=3030.Search in Google Scholar

Chin, Tamara T. (2014): Savage Exchange: Han Imperialism, Chinese Literary Style, and the Economic Imagination. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center.10.1163/9781684170784Search in Google Scholar

Chu, Ki-Cheng 朱歧祥 (2016): “Zhiyi Tsinghua jian de yixie teshu zici” 質疑《清華簡》的一些特殊字詞. Hanja yeongu 漢字研究 15: 1–32.Search in Google Scholar

Durrant, Stephen W. (1994): “Ssu-ma Ch’ien’s Portrayal of the First Ch’in Emperor.” In: Imperial Rulership and Cultural Change in Traditional China. Edited by Frederick Brandauer and Chun-chieh, Huang. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 28–50.10.1515/9780295801520-004Search in Google Scholar

Durrant, Stephen W. (1995): The Cloudy Mirror: Tension and Conflict in the Writings of Sima Qian. Albany: State University of New York Press.Search in Google Scholar

Durrant, Stephen W. (2005): “Truth Claims in Shiji.” In: Historical Truth, Historical Criticism, and Ideology: Chinese Historiography and Historical Culture from a New Comparative Perspective. Edited by Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer et al.. Leiden: Brill, 93–113.10.1163/9789047406914_008Search in Google Scholar

Durrant, Stephen W. (2015): “Ban Biao, Ban Gu, Their Five Shiji Sources, and the Curious Case of Chu Han Chunqiu.” In: Views from Within, Views from Beyond: Approaches to the Shiji as an Early Work of Historiography. Edited by Hans van Ess et al.. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 217–241.10.2307/j.ctvc771cb.13Search in Google Scholar

Durrant, Stephen W. et al.. (2016): The Letter to Ren An and Sima Qian’s Legacy. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Search in Google Scholar

Emmerich, Reinhard (2006): “Präliminarien zu Jia Shan und dessen Werk.” In: Über Himmel und Erde: Festschrift für Erling von Mende. Edited by Raimund Th. Kolb and Martina Siebert. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 55–83.Search in Google Scholar

Emmerich, Reinhard (2017): “Chinas Zweiter Kaiser in neuem Lichte?” In: Über den Alltag hinaus: Festschrift für Thomas O. Höllmann zum 65. Geburtstag. Edited by Shing Müller and Armin Selbitschka. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 53–87.10.2307/j.ctv11sn4st.10Search in Google Scholar

Exemplary Figures / Fayan . (2013). Translated by Michael Nylan. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Search in Google Scholar

Fayan yishu 法言義疏. (1987). Annotated by Wang Rongbao 汪榮寶. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1987.Search in Google Scholar

Fengsu tongyi jiaozhu 風俗通義校注. (2010). Annotated by Wang Liqi 王利器. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2010.Search in Google Scholar

Foster, Christopher J. (2017): “Introduction to the Peking University Han Bamboo Strips: on the Authentication and Study of Purchased Manuscripts.” Early China 40: 185–232.10.1017/eac.2017.2Search in Google Scholar

Fujita, Katsuhisa 藤田勝久 (2008): Shiji Zhanguo shiliao yanjiu 《史記》戰國史料研究. Translated by Cao, Feng 曹峰 and Hirose, Kunio 廣瀨薰雄. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe.Search in Google Scholar

Fujita, Katsuhisa 藤田勝久 (2016): Shiki Shin Kan shi no kenkyū 史記秦漢史の研究. Tokyo: Kyuko shoin.Search in Google Scholar

Giele, Enno (2006): Imperial Decision-making and Communication in Early China: A Study of Cai Yong’s Duduan. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Search in Google Scholar

Giele, Enno (2019): “Von Autodafé bis Rasur: Aspekte der Zerstörung von Geschriebenem und das Beispiel China.” In: Zerstörung von Geschriebenem: Historische und transkulturelle Perspektiven. Edited by Carina Kühne-Wespi et al.. Berlin: de Gruyter, 176–206.10.1515/9783110629040-007Search in Google Scholar

Goldin, Paul R. (2008): “Appeals to History in Early Chinese Philosophy and Rhetoric.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 35.1: 79–96.10.1163/15406253-03501008Search in Google Scholar

Grebnev, Yegor (2017): “The Yi Zhoushu and the Shangshu: The Case of Texts with Speeches.” In: Origins of Chinese Political Philosophy: Studies in the Composition and Thought of the Shangshu (Classic of Documents). Edited by Martin Kern and Dirk Meyer. Leiden: Bril, 249–280.10.1163/9789004343504_009Search in Google Scholar

Guanzi jiaozhu 管子校注. (2004). Edited and annotated by Li Xiangfeng 黎翔鳳. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Search in Google Scholar

Hanfeizi jiaoshu xilun 韓非子校疏析論. (2011). Edited and annotated by Zhang Jue 張覺. Beijing: Zhishi chanquan chubanshe.Search in Google Scholar

Hanshu 漢書. (1962). Ban Gu 班固. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Search in Google Scholar

Hardy, Grant (1992): “Form and Narrative in Ssu-ma Ch’ien’s Shih chi.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 14: 1–23.10.2307/495401Search in Google Scholar

Hardy, Grant (1994): “Can an Ancient Chinese Historian Contribute to Modern Western Theory? The Multiple Narratives of Ssu-Ma Ch’ien.” History and Theory 33.1: 20–38.10.2307/2505650Search in Google Scholar

Hardy, Grant (1999): Worlds of Bronze and Bamboo: Sima Qian’s Conquest of History. New York: Columbia University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Hirose, Kunio 廣瀨薰雄 (2010): Shin Kan ritsuryō kenkyū 秦漢律令研究. Tokyo: Kyuko shoin.Search in Google Scholar

Hsing, I–tien 邢義田 (2011): “Handai jiandu de tiji, zhongliang he shiyong: yi Zhongyanyuan shiyusuo cang Juyan Hanjian wei li” 漢代簡牘的體積、重量和使用:以中研院史語所藏居延漢簡為例. Di bu ai bao: Handai jiandu 地不愛寶:漢代簡牘. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1–50.Search in Google Scholar

Huainanzi jishi 淮南子集釋. (1998). Annotated by He Ning 何寧. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Search in Google Scholar

Hucker, Charles O. (1985): Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.10.1179/014703785788764267Search in Google Scholar

Itō, Tokuo 伊藤德男 (1964): “Shiba Sen no Ri Shi, Mo Ten hiban ni tsuite” 司馬遷の李斯‧蒙恬批判について.” In: Tōyōshi ronsō: Suzuki Shun kyōju kanreki kinen 東洋史論叢:鈴木俊教授還暦記念. Edited by Suzuki Shun kyōju kanreki kinenkai 鈴木俊教授還暦記念会. Tokyo: Suzuki Shun kyōju kanreki kinenkai, 43–56.Search in Google Scholar

Kalinowski, Marc (2005): “La production des manuscrits en Chine ancienne. Une approche codicologique de la bibliothèque funéraire de Mawangdui.” Asiatische Studien / Études Asiatiques 59.1: 131–168.Search in Google Scholar

Kern, Martin (2003a): “The ‘Biography of Sima Xiangru’ and the Question of the Fu in Sima Qian’s Shiji.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 123.2: 303–316.10.2307/3217686Search in Google Scholar

Kern, Martin (2003b): “Review on A Patterned Past: Form and Thought in Early Chinese Historiography by David Schaberg.” The Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 63.1: 273–289.10.2307/25066699Search in Google Scholar

Kern, Martin (2011): “Early Chinese Literature, Beginnings through Western Han.” In: The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature: vol. 1: To 1375. Edited by Kang-i Sun Chang and Stephen Owen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1–115.10.1017/CHOL9780521855587.003Search in Google Scholar

Kern, Martin (2016): “Shiji li de ‘zuozhe’ gainian” 《史記》裡的‘作者’概念. In: Shiji xue yu shijie hanxue lunji xubian 史記學與世界漢學論集續編. Edited by Martin Kern and Lee Chi-hsiang 李紀祥. Taipei: Tangshan chubanshe, 23–61.Search in Google Scholar

Klein, Esther S. (2018): Reading Sima Qian from Han to Song: The Father of History in Pre-modern China. Leiden: Brill.10.1163/9789004376878Search in Google Scholar

Krijgsman, Rens (2017): “Cultural Memory and Excavated Anecdotes in ‘Documentary’ Narrative: Mediating Generic Tensions in the Baoxun Manuscript.” In: Between History and Philosophy: Anecdotes in Early China. Edited by Paul van Els and Sarah A. Queen. Albany: State University of New York Press, 301–329.10.1515/9781438466132-011Search in Google Scholar

Lau, Ulrich and Thies Staack (2016): Legal Practice in the Formative Stages of the Chinese Empire: An Annotated Translation of the Exemplary Qin Criminal Cases from the Yuelu Academy Collection. Leiden: Brill.10.1163/9789004315655Search in Google Scholar

Leese-Messing, Kathrin (2016): Tradition im Wandel: Historiographiegeschichtliche Studien zu Chen Shous Sanguo zhi. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.10.2307/j.ctvckq44wSearch in Google Scholar

Leung, Vincent S. (2018): “The Former Han empire.” In: Routledge Handbook of Early Chinese History. Edited by Paul R. Goldin. Abingdon: Routledge, 160–179.10.4324/9781315773605-8Search in Google Scholar

Leung, Vincent S. (2019): The Politics of the Past in Early China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/9781108348843Search in Google Scholar

Lewis, Mark E. (1999): Writing and Authority in Early China. Albany: State University of New York Press.Search in Google Scholar

Li, Changzhi 李長之 (1963): Sima Qian zhi renge yu fengge 司馬遷之人格與風格. Hong Kong: Taiping shuju.Search in Google Scholar

Li, Wai-Yee (1994): “The Idea of Authority in the Shih chi (Records of the Historian).” The Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 54.2: 345–405.10.2307/2719434Search in Google Scholar

Liye Qin jiandu jiaoshi 里耶秦簡牘校釋. Vol. 1. (2012). Edited by Chen Wei 陳偉. Wuhan: Wuhan daxue chubanshe. Search in Google Scholar

Liye Qin jiandu jiaoshi 里耶秦簡牘校釋. Vol. 2. (2018). Edited by Chen Wei 陳偉. Wuhan: Wuhan daxue chubanshe. Search in Google Scholar

Lu Jia’s New Discourses : A Political Manifesto from the Early Han Dynasty. (2020). Translated by Paul R. Goldin and Elisa Levi Sabattini. Leiden: Brill.Search in Google Scholar

Lun Heng jiaoshi 論衡校釋. (1990). Edited and annotated by Huang Hui 黃暉. Beijing, Zhonghua shuju.Search in Google Scholar

Lun-hêng Part 2. Miscellaneous Essays of Wang Ch’ung. (1962). Translated by Alfred Forke. New York: Paragon Book Gallery.Search in Google Scholar

Ma, Tsang Wing (2020): “Between the State and Their Superiors: The Anxiety of Low-Ranked Scribes in the Qin and Han Bureaucracies.” Asia Major 3d ser. Vol. 33.2: 42–51.Search in Google Scholar

Mckay, Trever (2018): “Identifying the Textual Sources of Shi ji: Reviewing Past Research for a More Encompassing Methodology.” Early China 41: 375–413.10.1017/eac.2018.10Search in Google Scholar

Neininger, Ulrich (1983): “Burying the Scholars Alive: On the Origin of a Confucian Martyr’s Legend.” In: East Asian Civilizations 2. Edited by Wolfram Eberhard et al.. München: Simon & Magiera, 121–136.Search in Google Scholar

NienhauserJr.William (2003): “A Note on a Textual Problem in the Shih Chi and Some Speculations concerning the Compilation of the Hereditary Houses.” T’oung Pao 89.1/3: 39–58.10.1163/156853203322691310Search in Google Scholar

NienhauserJr.William (2019): “Introduction: Herodotus and Ssu-ma Ch’ien: A Preliminary Study of Styles and Sources in Their Early Chapters.” In: The Grand Scribe’s Records. Vol. 9: The Memoirs of Han China, Part II. Edited by William NienhauserJr. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, xi–xliv.Search in Google Scholar

NienhauserJr.William (ed.) (2008): The Grand Scribe’s Records. Vol. 8: The Memoirs of Han China, Part I. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Search in Google Scholar

NienhauserJr.William (ed.) (2018): The Grand Scribe’s Records. Revised vol. 1: The Basic Annals of Pre-Han China. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Search in Google Scholar

NienhauserJr.William (ed.) (2021): The Grand Scribe’s Records. Revisedvol. 7: The Memoirs of Pre-Han China. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Nylan, Michael (1998): “Sima Qian: A True Historian?” Early China 23: 203–246.10.1017/S0362502800000985Search in Google Scholar

Nylan, Michael (2018): “Han Views of the Qin Legacy and the Late Western Han ‘Classical Turn’.” Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 79/80: 73–122.Search in Google Scholar

Olberding, Garret P. S. (2012): Dubious Facts: The Evidence of Early Chinese Historiography. Albany: State University of New York Press.10.1353/book21286Search in Google Scholar

Peking daxue zang Xi Han zhushu 北京大學藏西漢竹書. Vol. 3, part 2. (2015). Edited by Peking daxue Chutu wenxian yanjiusuo 北京大學出土文獻研究所. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe.Search in Google Scholar

Petersen, Jens Østergård (1995): “Which Books Did the First Emperor of Ch’in Burn? On the Meaning of Pai Chia in Early Chinese Sources.” Monumenta Serica 43: 1–52.10.1080/02549948.1995.11731268Search in Google Scholar

Pines, Yuri (2005/06): “Biases and Their Sources: Qin History in the Shiji.” Oriens Extremus 45: 10–34.Search in Google Scholar

Poo, Mu-chou (2008): “The Formation of the Concept of Antiquity in Early China.” In: Perceptions of Antiquity in Chinese Civilization. Edited by Dieter Kuhn and Helga Stahl. Heidelberg: Edition Forum, 85–102.Search in Google Scholar

Poo, Mu-chou 蒲慕州 (2012): “Xian Qin liang Han de zungu siwei yu zhengzhi quanwei” 先秦兩漢的尊古思維與政治權威. In: Han diguo de zhidu yu shehui zhixu 漢帝國的制度與社會秩序. Edited by Lai Ming Chiu 黎明釗. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1–45.Search in Google Scholar

Puett, Michael (2001): The Ambivalence of Creation: Debates Concerning Innovation and Artifice in Early China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Qin jiandu heji (Shiwen zhushi xiuding ben) 秦簡牘合集(釋文注釋修訂本). Vol. 4. (2016). Edited by Chen, Wei 陳偉. Wuhan: Wuhan daxue chubanshe. Search in Google Scholar

Richter, Matthias L. (2009): “Faithful Transmission or Creative Change: Tracing Modes of Manuscript Production from the Material Evidence.” Asiatische Studien / Études asiatiques 63: 889–908.Search in Google Scholar

Richter, Matthias L. (2013): The Embodied Text: Establishing Textual Identity in Early Chinese Manuscripts. Leiden: Brill.10.1163/9789004243811Search in Google Scholar

Ruaan, Jy-Sheng 阮芝生 (1974): “Taishigong zenyang souji he chuli shiliao” 太史公怎樣搜集和處理史料. Shumu jikan 書目季刊 7.4: 17–35.Search in Google Scholar

Satō, Taketoshi 佐藤武敏 (1997): “Shiki ni mieru ka Shin ron” 史記に見える過秦論. In: Chūgoku kodai shi kenkyū 中国古代史研究. Edited by Chūgoku kodai shi kenkyūkai 中国古代史研究会. Tokyo: Kenbun shuppan, 89–104.Search in Google Scholar

Schaab-Hanke, Dorothee (2010): Der Geschichtsschreiber als Exeget: Facetten der frühen chinesischen Historiographie. Gossenberg: Ostasien Verlag.Search in Google Scholar

Schaberg, David (2001): A Patterned Past: Form and Thought in Early Chinese Historiography. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center.10.1163/9781684173617Search in Google Scholar

Schwermann, Christian (2011): “Dummheit” in altchinesischen Texten: eine Begriffsgeschichte. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Search in Google Scholar

Schwermann, Christian (2014): “Rhetorical functions of quotations in late pre-imperial and early imperial memorials on questions of civilian-military leadership.” Asiatische Studien / Études Asiatiques 68.4: 1069–1114.10.1515/asia-2014-0051Search in Google Scholar

Shanghai bowuguan cang Zhanguo Chu zhushu (si) duben 上海博物館藏戰國楚竹書(四)讀本. (2007). Edited by Ji Xusheng 季旭昇. Taipei: Wanjuanlou.Search in Google Scholar

Shelach, Gideon (2014): “Collapse or Transformation? Anthropological and Archaeological Perspectives on the Fall of Qin.” In: Birth of an Empire: The State of Qin Revisited. Edited by Yuri Pines et al.. Berkeley: University of California Press, 113–138.Search in Google Scholar

Shiji (Revised paperback edition). (2014). Sima Qian 司馬遷. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Search in Google Scholar

Shuo Yuan Jiaozheng 說苑校證. (1987). Edited and annotated by Xiang Zonglu 向宗魯. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Search in Google Scholar

Staack, Thies (2016): “Reconstruction of Early Chinese Bamboo and Wood Manuscripts: A Review (1900–2010).” The Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC) – Occasional Paper No. 5. http://www.manuscript-cultures.uni-hamburg.de/papers_e.html.Search in Google Scholar

Staack, Thies (2017): “Could the Peking University Laozi 老子 really be a forgery? Some skeptical remarks.” heiDOK- Der Heidelberger Dokumentenserver (Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg). https://doi.org/10.11588/heidok.00022453.Search in Google Scholar

Staack, Thies (2020): “From Copies of Individual Decrees to Compilations of Written Law: On Paratextual Framing in Early Chinese Legal Manuscripts.” In: Copying Manuscripts: Textual and Material Craftsmanship. Edited by Antonella Brita et al. Napoli: UniorPress, 183–240.Search in Google Scholar

Tzuruma, Kazuyuki 鶴間和幸 (2009): Shin teikoku no keisei to chiiki 秦帝国の形成と地域. Tokyo: Kyuko shoin.Search in Google Scholar

van Ess, Hans (2014): Politik und Geschichtsschreibung im alten China: Pan-ma i-t’ung 班馬異同. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Ning 王寧 (2015): “Du Beida Hanjian Zhao Zheng shu zhaji” 讀北大漢簡《趙正書》札記. Jianbowang. http://bsm.org.cn/show_article.php?id=2393.Search in Google Scholar

Waseda Daigaku, kanpaku kenkyūkai 早稲田大学簡帛研究会 (2018): “Pekin Daigaku zō Sei Kan chikusho Chō Sho sho yakuchū.” 北京大学蔵西漢竹書『趙正書』訳注. Shiteki 史滴 40: 71–106.Search in Google Scholar

Wilkinson, Endymion (2018): Chinese History: A New Manual, Fifth Edition. Endymion Wilkinson.Search in Google Scholar

Wu, Kejing 鄔可晶 (2020): “Guanyu Peking daxue cang Xi Han zhushu san, si, wu ce shiwen zhushi de yixie yijian.” 關於《北京大學藏西漢竹書》叁、肆、伍冊釋文注釋的一些意見. Zhanguo Qin Han wenzi yu wenxian lungao 戰國秦漢文字與文獻論稿. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 354–360.Search in Google Scholar

Xing Wen 邢文 (2016a): “Beida jian Laozi bianwei” 北大簡老子辨偽. Guangming ribao 光明日報. http://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2016-08/08/nw.D110000gmrb_20160808_1-16.htm?div=-1.Search in Google Scholar

Xing Wen 邢文 (2016b): “Bianzheng zhi mei yu sandian toushi—Beida jian Laozi zai bianwei” 辯證之美與散點透視—北大簡老子再辨偽. Guangming ribao. http://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2016-09/12/nw.D110000gmrb_20160912_2-16.htm?div=-1.Search in Google Scholar

Xinshu jiaozhu 新書校注. (2000). Edited and annotated by Yan Zhenyi 閻振益and Zhong Xia 鍾夏. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Search in Google Scholar

Xinyu jiaozhu 新語校注. (1986). Edited and Annotated by Wang Liqi 王利器. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Search in Google Scholar

Yao, Lei 姚磊 (2016): “Beida zang Han jian Zhao Zheng shu shiwen buzheng” 北大藏漢簡《趙正書》釋文補正. Guji zhengli yanjiu xuekan 古籍整理研究學刊: 1–8.Search in Google Scholar

Yi Zhoushu huijiao jizhu (xiuding ben) 逸周書彙校集注(修訂本). (2007). Edited and Annotated by Huang Huaixin 黃懷信 et al. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe.Search in Google Scholar

Yuelu Shuyuan cang Qin jian (yi-san) shiwen xiuding ben 嶽麓書院藏秦簡(壹-叁)釋文修訂本. (2018). Edited by Chen Songchang 陳松長. Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe.Search in Google Scholar

Yuelu shuyuan cang Qin jian 嶽麓書院藏秦簡. Vol. 5. (2017). Edited by Chen Songchang. Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe.Search in Google Scholar

Yuelu shuyuan cang Qin jian 嶽麓書院藏秦簡. Vol. 6. (2020). Edited by Chen Songchang. Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Dake 張大可 et al.. (2005): Shiji wenxian yu bianzuanxue yanjiu 史記文獻與編纂學研究. Beijing: Huawen chubanshe.Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, Hanmo (2018): Authorship and Text-making in Early China. Berlin: De Gruyter.10.1515/9781501505133Search in Google Scholar

Zhao, Huacheng 趙化成 (2015): “Zhao Zheng shu yu Shiji xiangguan jizai yitong zhi bijiao” 《趙正書》與《史記》相關記載異同之比較. In: Peking daxue zang Xi Han zhushu 北京大學藏西漢竹書. Vol. 3, part 2. Edited by Peking daxue Chutu wenxian yanjiusuo 北京大學出土文獻研究所. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 299–302.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2021-03-26
Accepted: 2021-09-30
Published Online: 2021-11-26
Published in Print: 2021-11-25

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 8.12.2025 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/asia-2021-0008/html
Scroll to top button