The recently found Map of the World (Kunyutu 坤輿圖): a philological survey
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Claudia de Morsier-Fritz
Abstract
This paper is a first presentation of a Chinese Map of the World or Kunyutu 坤輿圖 discovered in a Federal library in Berne in 2017. It focusses on the rendering of the 7000 characters contained within the map. The translation of the complete 112 text blocks on the map will be provided in a second paper, whilst Indices I and II of this paper render the 1025 toponyms. The text blocks contain information on the customs and products of a given place, as well as describing other curiosities associated with it. These texts are compared with other maps and texts, in particular with The Complete World Map (Kunyu quantu 坤輿全圖) and The Explanations to the World Map (Kunyutu shuo 坤輿圖說) of 1674 by Verbiest. The re-translation of the text blocks helps to identify certain anachronisms and inaccuracies although the map purports to reflect the political situation in the years 1700–1729. This reveals the extent to which the text blocks draw on previous sources. Moreover, the rendering of the toponyms detects some inconsistencies in orthography and these interferences offer valuable pointers to the source and target languages. These various pieces of evidence suggest that the map was made much later by a copyist and is not only a cartographic composite of earlier maps, but also a fusion of Northern and Southern Mandarin. The translations presumably from French, Portuguese and Spanish sources in Southern Mandarin – the language of the officials (guanhua 官話) of the late Ming – as well as a variety of Southern Chinese dialects point to the underlying influence of a Jesuit tradition.
Acknowledgments
This article was examined in its preliminary form by two blind critics, giving the author the opportunity to restructure the article into a first linguistic part and a second part that will follow. I am grateful to them and to the two blind reviewers of the current paper, whose feedback and suggestions have proven valuable in improving it. The author feels indebted and expresses her sincerest gratitude, particularly to Wolfgang Behr, University Zurich, who agreed to read it critically and, with his profound knowledge of Chinese linguistics, gave good advice and helped to revise this article. Many thanks also to Alice Baker Robinson for her tireless checking of the English drafts. The remaining errors are of course entirely the responsibility of the author.
Maps
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Eastern Hemisphere
The numbers of the grid start in the north of the Eastern Hemisphere 1–18, continue on the Western Hemisphere 19–36, jump again to the Eastern Hemisphere 37–54, and so forth, finally end with field F648 in the south.
Western Hemisphere
The numbers of the grid start in the north of the Eastern Hemisphere 1–18, continue on the Western Hemisphere 19–36, jump again to the Eastern Hemisphere 37–54, and so forth, finally end with field F648 in the south.
This Index begins with the F(number) of the Grid of Appendix I, in the First Column. The ISO country code is merely to assist in localisation.
| F9 | 北極 | Bei ji | North Pole, Eastern Hemisphere (F9, F10) |
| F27 | 北極 | Bei ji | North Pole, Western Hemisphere (F27, F28) |
| F39 | 買言岛 | Maiyan dao | [Jan] Mayen Island, NO |
| F41 | 熊島 | Xiong dao | Bear Island => Bjørnøya, NO |
| F42 | 野那辣海 | Yenala hai | Inari Sea => Lake Inari, FI |
| F42 | 山日 [recte 山汨] | Shanri | => [Shanmi] > Sámi people |
| F43 | 望格島 | Wangge dao | Hopen, NO |
| F43 | 未路比島 | Weilubi dao | Willoughby, [Sir Hugh, (–1554)] Island = phantom island? |
| F45 | 物加子峡 | Wujiazi xia | Strait of Vaygach => Vaygach Island / Kara Strait?, RU |
| F46 | 新增白臘 | Xin Zengbaila | Nowaja Semlja = Novaya Zemlya, RU |
| F48 | 日耳黑 [recte 日耳墨] | Rierhei | Jelmer, Sakha Republic, RU [Riermo] |
| F49 | 冰海 | Bing hai | Ice Sea (F49, F50) |
| F49 | 達撒大島 | Dasada dao | Tasata Island = phantom island => Delta of Lena = Ust’-Lenskiy Gosudarstvennyy Prirodnyy Zapovednik, Bulunski ulus, Sacha, RU |
| F53 | 大冰峰 | Dabing feng | High Ice Peaks = Grand P(ic) Glaciale |
| F68 | 巴非尼海 | Bafeini hai | Baffin Sea > Baffin Bay |
| F70 | 鐸斯彌湾 | Duo Simi wan | Sir Thomas Smith’s Bay, Nunavut, CA |
| F70 | 阿爾尼峽 | Aerni xia | “Horne Sund” = Détroit de Horne = Horne Strait |
| F73 | 阿辣 | Ala | Hólar, IS |
| F73 | 黑格辣 | Heigela | Hekla (volcan), IS |
| F73 | 衣斯郎的亞 | Yisilangdiya | Iceland, IS |
| F74 | 鉄島 | Tie dao | Faroe Islands, NO |
| F75 | 古得郎島 | Gudelang dao | Cuttelan Islands, Shetlands, GB |
| F76 | 伯尔然 | Boerran | Bergen, NO |
| F76 | 基利斯弟亞 | Jilisidiya | Kristiania = Oslo, NO |
| F76 | 德隆豋 | Delongdeng | Trondheim, NO |
| F77 | 雪際亞國 | Xuejiya guo | Sverige = Kingdom of Sweden, SE |
| F77 | 夜文 | Yewen | Lapons = Laplanders = Sámi people |
| F77 | 斯多各尔莫 | Siduogeermo | Stockholm, SE |
| F77 | 五馬 | Wuma | Umeå, SE |
| F78 | 亞波 | Yabo | Åbo, FI |
| F78 | 加肋彼 | Jialebi | Karleby => Kokkola, FI |
| F78 | 几米 | Jimi | Kemi, FI = Kimi |
| F79 | 亞耳岡熱 | Yaergangre | Arcange > Archangelsk, RU |
| F79 | 可辣 | Kela | Kola Peninsula, RU |
| F79 | 肉格纳 | Rougena | Rodvinga, Murmansk Oblast, RU |
| F79 | 所島 | Suo dao | So Islands > Solovetsky Island = Solowezkije ostrowa, RU |
| F79 | 紅瓜 | Honggua | Umba, RU |
| F79 | 白海 | Bo hai | White Sea, RU |
| F80 | 都以納河 | Duyina he | Dvina River, RU |
| F80 | 如何花 | Ruhehua | Juhora > Jugorie > Yugra = Iuhra, modern north-west RU |
| F80 | 武洛大 | Wuluoda | Vologda, Vologda Oblast, RU |
| F81 | 阿羅索囯 | Aluosuo guo | Russia, RU |
| F82 | 巴比奴 | Babinu | Papinougorod, RU |
| F82 | 近尔馬 [recte 边尔馬] | Jinerma | => [Bianerma] > Bi’rma > Perm, Perm Krai, RU |
| F82 | 拄門 | Zhumen | Tjumen, RU |
| F82 | 土波尔 | Tuboer | Tobolsk, RU |
| F83 | 亞尼定 | Yaniding | Atlym? => Bol’shoy Atlym, RU |
| F83 | 阿披河 | Api he | Ob River |
| F83 | 西北里亞 | Xibeiliya | Siberia, RU |
| F84 | 亞細亞 | Yasiya | Asia (F84, F156, F192) |
| F84 | 日尼加斯河 | Rinijiasi he | Nizhnyaya River?, RU |
| F85 | 肋納河 | Lena he | Lena River |
| F86 | 亞當喀河 | Yadangka he | Atanga River > Khatanga River, RU |
| F86 | 雅居于歸 | Yajuyugui | Yakutskoy, Yakutsk, Sacha, RU |
| F86 | 亞尼此河 | Yanici he | Yenisei River |
| F87 | 西聽未河 | Xitingwei he | “River, never heard in the West” > Sitimurhe R.? > Aldan? / should be Lena |
| F87 | 都 | Dou / Du | Doria > Dauria people? |
| F87 | 葛辣湖 | Gela hu | Kolma Lake => Lake in Kolyma [Lake Ozhogino / Lake Elgygytgyn] |
| F88 | 雅熱河 | Yare he | Ogé Rivière = Ochota = Okhota River, RU |
| F89 | 得辣挌河 | Delage he | Drage River > Daura River / Docestia River / Kolyma?, RU |
| F90 | 意思夆 [recte 意思峰] | Yisi feng | [Yisi feng] = (Ijs piek, in Dutch) = Ice Peak |
| F102 | 蒙恪岸 | Mengke an | Port of Munck, Churchill, Manitoba, CA |
| F104 | 胡總峽 | Huzong xia | Hudson Strait |
| F105 | 公北尔郎湾 | Gongbeierlang wan | Cumberland Bay => Grise Fjiord, Nunavut CA |
| F105 | 幸島 | Xing dao | Fortune Island, Ontario, CA |
| F109 | 大西洋 | Da xi yang | Great Western Atlantic |
| F110 | 西島 | Xi dao | Isles de l’Ouest = Western Island = Hebrides, UK |
| F110 | 意而浪大囯 | Yierlangda guo | Ireland, IE |
| F111 | 亞免 | Yamian | Amiens, FR |
| F111 | 土北林 | Tubeilin | Dublin, IE |
| F111 | 也丁布耳 | Yedingbuer | Edinburgh, UK |
| F111 | 昂利亞国 | Angliya guo | England, UK |
| F111 | 龍第農 | Longdinong | London, UK |
| F111 | 斯可濟亞国 | Sikejiya guo | Scotia = Scotland, UK |
| F111 | 約尔格 | Yueerge | York, UK |
| F112 | 白浪得補耳 | Bailangdebuer | Brandenburg, DE |
| F112 | 白路吉肋 | Bailujile | Bruxelles = Brussels, BE |
| F112 | 各落尼亞 | Geluoniya | Cologne, DE |
| F112 | 歐邏巴 | Ouluoba | Europe = Europa (F112, F114, F116) |
| F112 | 杭步耳 | Hangbuer | Hamburg, DE |
| F112 | 和朗地亞 | Helangdiya | Holland, NL |
| F112 | 利肋 | Lile | Lille, FR |
| F112 | 買拐事 | Maiguaishi | Magonza = Mayence = Mainz, DE |
| F113 | 巴而弟公海 | Baerdigong hai | Baltic Sea |
| F113 | 白辣挂 [recte 白辣特] | Bailagua | =>[Bailate] =E39 Bayreuth, DE |
| F113 | 各本那 | Gebenna | Copenhagen = København, DK |
| F113 | 克拉各未 | Kelagewei | Cracow = Kraków, PL |
| F113 | 淡祭 | Danji | Danzig = Gdańsk, PL |
| F113 | 熱尔瑪尼亞囯 | Reermaniya guo | Germania = Germany, DE |
| F113 | 各得布耳 | Gedebuer | Göteborg = Gothenburg, SW |
| F113 | 斯得釘 | Sideding | Stettin = Szczecin, PL |
| F113 | 瓦耳所未 | Waersuowei | Warsaw, PL |
| F114 | 聶白尔河 | Niebaier he | Dniepr River |
| F114 | 末多 [recte 米多] | Moduo | => [Miduo] = Mitau = Jelgava, LV |
| F114 | 覺未 | Juewei | Kyiv, UA = Kiev |
| F114 | 伯肋思故 | Bolesigu | Pleskow = Pskow, RU |
| F114 | 波羅泥亞囯 | Boluoniya guo | Polonia = Poland, PL |
| F114 | 利加 | Lijia | Riga, LV |
| F114 | 畧疑尔国 | Lüeyier guo | Lü(t)e(n)iel = Ruthenian Voivodeship, Polish-Lithuanian- Commonwealth (F114, F150) |
| F114 | 未尔納 | Weierna | Vilna = Vilnius, LT |
| F115 | 浼/沒斯箇未亞 | Mei/Mosiguweiya | Muscovy = Grand Duchy of Moscow |
| F115 | 高樂亭 | Gaoleting | Columna = Kalúga, RU |
| F115 | 小諾武各洛 | Xiao Nuowugeluo | Lesser Novgorod = Nizhny (Novgorod), located in Voronezh, RU on the map |
| F115 | 浼/沒斯箇 | Mei/Mosige | Moscou = Moscow, RU |
| F115 | 諾窩各落 | Nuowogeluo | Novgorod (Veliky / Great), RU |
| F115 | 疑冷斯故 | Yilengsigu | Ilensk => Smolensk, RU |
| F115 | 別洛色洛 [recte 雅洛色洛] | Bieluoseluo | => [Yaluosela] = Yaroslavl, RU |
| F116 | 達乃河 | Danai he | Don River, RU |
| F116 | 洛斯度 | Luosidu | Rostov, Yaroslavl Oblast, RU |
| F116 | 索辣多 | Suladuo | Saratow, Saratow Oblast, RU |
| F117 | 步尔加辣 | Buerjiala | Bu’lgara = Bolgar, Tatarstan, RU |
| F117 | 加撒 | Jiasa | Kazan, RU |
| F117 | 未亞塔 | Weiyata | Wjatka = Kirov, Kirov Oblast, RU |
| F117 | 撒馬辣 | Samala | Samara, Samara Oblast, RU |
| F118 | 臂露露帶 | Beiluludai | Beilloulouday = Bellouvoday => Belovodye => Kingdom of Opona = phantom place? / Bayanaul, Pavlodar / Boralday?, Almaty, KZ |
| F118 | 加尔巴新 | Jiaerbaxin | Carbaxin “domus lapidea diruta” = Kalbasin = Kolbasinskoy => Kyzylagash, KZ |
| F118 | 盐湖 | Yan hu | Salt Sea [saline Tengiz Lake]?, KZ |
| F118 | 午法 | Wufa | Ufa, Republic Bashkortostan, RU |
| F119 | 義利河 | Yili he | Ili River (should run in Lake Baikal) |
| F119 | 以尔留新河 | Yierliuxin he | Irtysh River |
| F119 | 納林 | Nalin | Narym, Tomsk Oblast, RU |
| F119 | 大辣 | Dala | Tara, Omsk Oblast, RU |
| F120 | 基臺湖 | Jitai hu | Lake Kithay = Altyn-Köl = Tölös-Köl = Lake Teletskoye, Altai Republic, RU |
| F120 | 白辣子歸 | Bailazigui | Bratsk, Irkutsk Oblast, RU = Bratskoj |
| F121 | 昂阿拉河 | Angala he | Angara River, RU |
| F121 | 雅居第 | Yaqudi | Yakuti > Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, RU |
| F122 | 拜開兒湖 | Baikaier hu | Lake Baikal |
| F122 | 武德 | Wude | Ude => Ulan-Ude, Buryatia Republic, RU |
| F123 | 德達罷 | Dedaba | “Custodia Dauriae”, Buryatia Republic, RU |
| F123 | 泥罷處 | Nibachu | Niptchou => Nertchinsk, Transbaikal Krai, RU |
| F123 | 惹羅那 | Reluona | Romanovka?, Amur Oblast, RU |
| F123 | 德達罷 | Dedaba | Telemba?, RU |
| F124 | 牙隡 [recte 雅克薩] | Yasa | => [Yakesa] > Yacsa => Albazin = Albazino, Amur Oblast, RU |
| F124 | 布利桑加河 | Bulisangjia he | Burisangga => Bureya River [Bureya is a tributary of the Amur River ≠ on the map] |
| F124 | 黑龍江 | Heilongjiang | Heilong Jiang = Heilong River = Amur |
| F124 | 得湖 | De hu | Lake De => Bureya plaine was former Lake De, Amur Oblast, RU > phantom lake? |
| F125 | 魚皮 | Yupi | “Fish skin” people = Heijin (黑斤) people = He zhen people |
| F126 | 大東洋 | Da dong yang | Great Eastern Ocean, Pacific |
| F127 | 止會地 / [recte 此會地] | Zhihui di / [recte cihui di] | Land where discovery ends = “Termes des découvertes” / [This is Company Land = “Terre de la Compagnie”] |
| F133 | 亜泥俺地 | Yani’an di | Land of Anian |
| F138 | 棊利斯第農 | Qilisidinong | Les Christinaux, Cri = Kree = 1st nation, Cree, CA and US |
| F138 | 恕尔世岸 [recte 怒尔世岸] | Shuershi an | => Nuershi an > [*Nulshi an] => Nelson Port |
| F139 | 胡總湾 | Huzong wan | Hudson Bay |
| F139 | 亞瑟你碑地 | Yase‘nibei di | Land of the Assiniboine, 1st nation, CA and US |
| F140 | 農地 | Nong di | Labrador, CA |
| F142 | 麗島峽 | Lidao xia | Belle Isle Strait, Divison 9, Subd. D, Newfoundland, CA |
| F142 | 也斯幾枚湾 | Yesijimei wan | B. des Esquimaux = Indian Harbour, CA |
| F143 | 夏愁岸 | Xiawei an | Cape Farewell |
| F145 | 得尔則島 | Deerze dao | Terceira Island, Açores, PT |
| F146 | 岡 | Gang | Caen, FR |
| F146 | 土洛河 | Tuluo he | Duero River, ES and PT |
| F146 | 利西波納 | Lixibona | Lisbon, PT |
| F146 | 巴里斯 | Balisi | Paris, FR |
| F146 | 冷 | Leng | Rennes, FR |
| F146 | 路王 | Luwang | Rouen, FR |
| F147 | 巴尔亞諸 | Baeryazhu | Barcelona, ES |
| F147 | 巴尔包 | Baerbao | Bilbao, ES |
| F147 | 步尔多 | Buerduo | Bordeaux, FR |
| F147 | 公波斯 | Gongbosi | Compostella, ES |
| F147 | 以西巴尼亞 | Yixibaniya | Hispania = Spain, ES |
| F147 | 肋男 | Lenan | Léon, ES |
| F147 | 路西大尼亞囯 | Luxitaniya guo | Lusitania = [North of] Portugal, PT |
| F147 | 馬得利 | Madeli | Madrid, ES |
| F147 | 南得 | Nande | Nantes, FR |
| F147 | 納尔良 | Naerliang | Orléans, FR |
| F147 | 邦百緑 | Bangbailü | Pamplona, ES |
| F147 | 配土 | Peitu | Poitiers, FR |
| F147 | 撒辣吾斯 | Salawusi | Saragossa, ES |
| F147 | 多樂撒 | Duolesa | Toulouse, FR |
| F147 | 瓦楞祭亞 | Walengjiya | Valencia, ES |
| F147 | 灣 | Wan | Vannes, Bretagne, FR |
| F148 | 銀城 | Yincheng | Argentine => Strasbourg, FR |
| F148 | 亞未農 | Yaweinong | Avignon, FR |
| F148 | 箇尔撒 | Geersa | Corsica, FR |
| F148 | 帝成 | Dicheng | Dijon, FR |
| F148 | 弗洛冷撒 | Fuluolengsa | Florence, IT |
| F148 | 弗郎察囯 | Fulangcha guo | France, FR = Francia |
| F148 | 李用 | Liyong | Lyon, FR |
| F148 | 大島 | Da dao | Mallorca, ES |
| F148 | 曼土 | Mantu | Mantou = Mantova = Mantua, IT |
| F148 | 小島 | Xiao dao | Menorca, ES |
| F148 | 弥郎 | Milang | Milan, IT |
| F148 | 蒙北利 | Mengbeili | Montpellier, FR |
| F148 | 木尔客 [recte 木你客] | Muerke | => [Munike] = Munich, DE |
| F148 | 南西 | Nanxi | Nancy, FR |
| F148 | 令事 | Lengshi | Reims, FR |
| F148 | 撒尔第你亞 | Saerdiniya | Sardinia, IT |
| F148 | 土隆 | Tulong | Toulon, FR |
| F148 | 都凌 | Duling | Turin, IT |
| F149 | 白耳賈冬 | Baierjiadong | Beograde = Belgrade, RS |
| F149 | 布大 | Buda | Budapest, HU |
| F149 | 加布 | Jiabu | Capua, IT |
| F149 | 加弗未 | Jiafuwei | Cassovia = Košice, SK |
| F149 | 辣拔撒 | Labansa | Elbasan, AL |
| F149 | 翁加里亞囯 | Wengjialiya guo | Hungary, HU |
| F149 | 意大利亞囯 | Yidaliya guo | Italy, IT |
| F149 | ?布耳 | ?buer | Lemberg = Lwów = Lviv, UA |
| F149 | 領子 | Lingzi | Linz, AT |
| F149 | 納波里 | Naboli | Napoli, IT |
| F149 | 羅瑪 | Luoma | Rome, IT |
| F149 | 物尼斯 | Wunisi | Venice, IT |
| F149 | 未信纳 | Weixinna | Vienna, AT |
| F150 | 亞德聶 | Yadenie | Athens, GR |
| F150 | 布耳撒 | Buersa | Bursa, TR |
| F150 | 北產爵 [recte 比產爵] | Beichanjue | => [Bichanjue] > “Byzantion” = Byzantium = Istanbul, TR |
| F150 | 大奴波河 | Danubo he | Danube River |
| F150 | 厄肋齊亞国 | Eleqiya | Greece, GR |
| F150 | 雅西 | Yaxi | Iași, Moldavia, MD |
| F150 | 約撒固 | Yuesagu | Osu, Jedisan = Ochakiv, UA |
| F150 | 撒落尼計 | Saluoniji | Saloniki = Thessaloniki, GR |
| F150 | 所非亞 | Sofeiya | Sofia, BG |
| F150 | 瓦尔納 | Waerna | Varna, BG |
| F150 | 聚米聶 | Juminie | Zhytomyr, UA |
| F151 | 亞瑪亞 | Yamaya | Armenia, AM |
| F151 | 薄利撒 | Bolisa | Borissa =>Beryslav (1784-), UA |
| F151 | 黑阿的湖 | Heiadi hu | Black Odi? Lake => Sea of Azov |
| F151 | 黑海 | Hei hai | Black Sea |
| F151 | 加法 | Jiafa | Cafà = Caffa = Feodosia, RU |
| F151 | 伯肋各伯 | Bolegebo | Isthmus of Perekop |
| F151 | 達慢 | Daman | Taman, Krasnodar, RU |
| F151 | 德肋比松 | Delebisong | Trabzon, TR = Trebizond |
| F152 | 亞沙客 | Yashake | Asak = Azoff = Azoph > Azov, RU |
| F152 | 亞利大辣耳 [recte 亞私大蠟甘] | Yalidalaer | => [Yasidalagan] > As’t’ragan = Astrakhan, RU |
| F152 | 汝馬几 | Rumaji | Chumaki > Şamaxı = Shamakhi, AZ |
| F152 | 德里亿 | Deliyi | Terki > Tarki, RU |
| F152 | 得弗利 | Defuli | Tbilisi, GE |
| F152 | 夜里望 | Yeliwang | Yerevan, AM |
| F153 | 價斯邊海 | Jiasibian hai | Caspian Sea |
| F153 | 塔尔岡 | Taergang | Gorgan, IR |
| F153 | 色疑世 | Seyishi | Serachik = Sarayshyk = Saray-Jük, KZ |
| F153 | 窩耳加河 | Woerjia he | Volga, RU |
| F153 | 雅以克河 | Yayike he | Yaik => Ural River |
| F154 | 加尔母基 | Jiaermuji | Kalmyks |
| F154 | 夢記 | Mengji | Mangyshlak, KZ |
| F154 | 墨子黑 [recte 奧子黑] | Mozihei | => [Aozihei] > Orsk, Orenburg Oblast, RU |
| F154 | 撒馬尔囯 | Samaer guo | Samarkand = Samarqand, UZ |
| F154 | 大辣斯 | Dalasi | Taraz, KZ |
| F155 | 波路安 | Bolu’an | Bulgan, Jargalant, MN |
| F155 | 几西巴湖 | Jixiba hu | Kishilbas Lake = Lake Zaysan |
| F155 | 郭尔 | Guoer | *Kuo’l > Köl (=Zaysan) / Oskemen / Semey?, KZ |
| F155 | 靼兒靼 | Daerda | Tartary |
| F155 | 大斯根 | Dasigen | Tashkent, UZ |
| F156 | 洪科羅衣湖 | Hongkeluoyi hu | Ysykköl?, KG / Uvs Lake?, RU and MN |
| F156 | 單工 | Dangong | Tarkan? = “Tarkan ou Turfan” = Turfan, CN |
| F156 | 洪科羅衣湖 | Hongkeluoyi hu | Uvs Lake? = Uspa köl, RU and MN / Ysykköl?, KG |
| F157 | 噶兒靼 | Gaerda | Ca’lchan(g) > Calc(a)han = Tuul = Urga > Ulaanbaatar, MN / Ga’lda > Galdan = Galda(n khan)? |
| F157 | 局盐 | Juyuan | Salt Pan |
| F157 | 沙漠 | Shamo | Sand desert, i.e., Gobi |
| F158 | 色凌我 | Selingwo | Selenga River |
| F158 | 黃河 | Huang he | Yellow River, CN |
| F159 | 巴兒 | Baer | Ba’r > Barga, Hulun Buir, CN |
| F159 | 大司 [recte 大同] | Dasi | [Datong], Shanxi, CN |
| F159 | 喀兒心 | Kaerxin | Kalxin = Kalgan => Zhangjiakou |
| F159 | 我兒送湖 | Woersong hu | Orsong Lake => Lake Hulun = Hulun Buir |
| F159 | 蒙古 | Menggu | Mongolia |
| F159 | 山海 [recte 山海關] | Shanhai | [Shanhai guan], CN |
| F159 | 瀋陽 | Shenyang | Shenyang, CN |
| F159 | 宣府 [recte 宣化府] | Xuan fu | => [Xuanhua fu] > Xuan Prefecture (–1693) = Zhangjiakou |
| F160 | 長白山 | Changbai shan | = Jangbaeg san = Baegdu san = Paektu san = Paektu Mountain |
| F160 | 麒麟 [recte 吉林] | Qilin | => [Jilin], CN |
| F160 | 女直 | Nüzhi | Jurchen |
| F160 | 呤格利大 | Linggelida | Nincrita = Ning’an (寧安), Mudangjiang, CN |
| F160 | 烏拉 | Wula | Ula, Sunggari ula, (upper) Songhua River, CN |
| F160 | 東金山 | Dong jin shan | “Eastern Golden Mountain” = Vladiwostok, RU |
| F161 | 野所 | Yesuo | Yesso > Ezo (蝦夷, “shrimp barbarians”, ethnonym for Ainu people and island of) Hokkaido, JP |
| F161 | 捋喀諾 | Chika nuo | Cianganor > Chanka nur = Khanka nur = Khanka Lake => Lake Khanka = Xingkai Lake (興凱湖), RU and CN |
| F161 | 瑪字美 | Mazimei | Matsumae, JP |
| F161 | 奴兒干 | Nuergan | Nur khan = Nurhaci (努爾哈赤) |
| F161 | 白肋馬 | Bailema | Brema => Vladiwostok, RU |
| F161 | 白湖 | Bai hu | White Lake = “albus lacus” => “Chanka” => Khanka Lake |
| F162 | 亞歸 | Yagui | => Acqueis [sic] /water ice? / Aki(ta), JP? |
| F162 | 止會地 / [recte 此會地] | Zhihui di / [recte cihui di] | Land where discovery ends = “Termes des découvertes” / [This is Company Land= “Terre de la Compagnie”] |
| F162 | 內島 | Nei dao | “Isles des Etats” / “Inner Island”? |
| F162 | 空未里 | Kongweili | “empty not yet place” Contchoury [sic] = Kontchouri = Kushiro (釧路), Hokkaido, JP |
| F162 | 忍耐峰 | Rennai feng | Patientia C. = Peak of Endurance |
| F162 | 此各山 [recte 比各山] | cige shan | => [Bige shan] = Peak (Mountain) => Pic Antoine? |
| F163 | 羙湾 [= 美灣] | Mei wan | Hermosa Bay / Hermosa Beach? |
| F163 | 孟多濟峯 | Mengduoji feng | Mendocino promontory, US |
| F163 | 平地坡 | Ping di po | “tierra fisida” = plain and promontory? |
| F170 | 亞泥俺峡 | Yani’an xia | Anian Strait |
| F171 | 東紅海 | Dong hong hai | Red Sea (Eastern) = Mer Vermeille |
| F174 | 依林諾地 | Yilinnuo di | Land of Illinois |
| F174 | 瑪是古等 | Mashigudeng | Mascouten, 1st nation, US |
| F174 | 弥西洗彼河 | Mixixibi he | Mississippi, US F174 –F246 |
| F175 | 臭人利 | Chourenli | Les Puans = Stinkards > Winnebagos = Hotcâŋgara = Ho-Chunk, 1st nation, US |
| F175 | 依林諾湖 | Yilinnuo hu | Illinois Lake = Lake Michigan, US |
| F175 | 虎龍湖 | Hulong hu | Lake of Huron |
| F176 | 嘉納大國 | Jia’nada guo | Canada, CA (F175, F176) |
| F176 | 阿闌熱 | Alanre | Olangé = Orange > Fort Oranje, now Albany, US |
| F176 | 紅他畧湖 | Hongtalüe hu | Lake Ontario |
| F176 | 克白克 | Kebaike | Québec, CA |
| F177 | 王岸 | Wang an | Port royale = Annapolis Royale, Nova Scotia, CA |
| F177 | 巴斯東岸 | Basidong an | Boston Coast, US |
| F177 | 亞加弟亞地 | Yajiadiya di | Land of Acadia, CA |
| F178 | 新地島 | Xin di dao | “New Land Island” => Newfoundland (Island), CA |
| F178 | 聖老楞 | Sheng Laoleng | Saint Lawrence Gulf, CA and US |
| F179 | 沙灘 | Shatan | Sand strand |
| F180 | 烏雅島 | Wuya dao | Ilha do Corvo, Açores, PT |
| F181 | 比各島 | Bige dao | Pico Island, Açores, PT, twice, cf. F216, Beige dao [=> Bige dao] |
| F182 | 黙撒 | Mosa | Massa => Souss-Massa, Agadir, MA |
| F182 | 色土瓦 | Setuwa | Setúbal, PR |
| F182 | 大和河 | Da he he | Tajo = Tagus River, ES and PT |
| F183 | 撒肋 | Sale | Asilah, MA |
| F183 | 價弟斯 | Gadisi | Cádiz, ES |
| F183 | 法六 | Faliu | Faro, PR |
| F183 | 弗撒 | Fusa | Fez, MA |
| F183 | 克肋納大 | Kelenada | Granada, ES |
| F183 | 以未加 | Yiweijia | Ibiza, ES |
| F183 | 黙里辣 | Molila | Melilla, ES |
| F183 | 末尔祭 | Moerji | Murgia, ES |
| F183 | 法尔加辣 | Faerjiala | Farcala => Ferkala = (les) Ferquela, MA |
| F183 | 色未辣 | Seweila | Sevilla, ES |
| F183 | 大非辣 | Dafeila | Tafilalet, MA |
| F183 | 馬邏河 | Maluo he | Maruo River => Tensift River from Marrakech?, MA |
| F183 | 德黙曾 | Democeng | Tlemcen, DZ |
| F183 | 多肋多 | Duoleduo | Toledo, ES |
| F184 | 亞非利加国 | Yafeilijia guo | African Kingdom |
| F184 | 亞尔日 | Yaerri | Alger = Algiers, DZ |
| F184 | 弗郎幾塔 | Fulangji ta | Le Bastion de France = Annaba, DZ |
| F184 | 都巴斯 [recte 都尼斯] | Dubasi | => [Dunisi] = Tunis, TN |
| F185 | 巴尔加 | Baerjia | Barqa = Barka, LY |
| F185 | 肋百達 | Lebaida | Lebeda => Leptis, al Chums, LY |
| F185 | 默力大島 | Molida dao | Melite = Malta, MT |
| F185 | 地中海 | Dizhong hai | Mediterranean Sea |
| F185 | 默西纳 | Moxina | Messina, IT |
| F185 | 西祭利国 | Xijili guo | Royaume de Sicile => Sicily, IT |
| F185 | 達令冬 | Dalengdong | Taranto, IT |
| F185 | 德里波利 | Deliboli | Tripolis, LY |
| F186 | 亞肋山德理 | Yaleshandeli | Alexandria, EG |
| F186 | 耳的亞岛 | Erdiya dao | Kreta => Crete, GR |
| F186 | 羅得岛 | Luode dao | Rhodos, GR |
| F186 | 色弥尔纳 | Semierna | Smyrna, TR |
| F186 | 德羅雅 | Deluoya | Troya, TR |
| F187 | 亞肋伯 | Yalebo | Aleppo, SY |
| F187 | 安帝和駕 | Andihejia | Antakya, TR |
| F187 | 安帝和駕 | Andihejia | Antioch (on the Orontes), TR |
| F187 | 怕避龍 | Pabilong | Babylon, IQ |
| F187 | 巴百樂岛 [recte 止百樂岛] | Babaile dao | => [Zhibaile dao] > Chypre = Cyprus, CY |
| F187 | 葉耳色龍 | Yeerselong | Erzurum, TR |
| F187 | 大城塔 | Da cheng ta | Great Citadel of Saladin = Qalaʿat Salāḥ ad-Dīn?, Cairo, EG |
| F187 | 日路撒冷 | Rilusaleng | Jerusalem, IL |
| F187 | 如德亞囯 | Rudeya guo | Judea (Palestine) |
| F187 | 大耳松 | Daersong | Tarsus, Mersin, TR |
| F187 | 度尔駕国 | Duerjia guo | Turchia = Turkey, TR |
| F187 | 帝樂 | Dile | Tyros, LB |
| F188 | 亞莫尔 | Yamoer | Amol, Māzandarān, IR |
| F188 | 加思濱 | Jiasibin | Kasvin = Ghazwin = Qazwīn, IR |
| F188 | 亞馬當 | Yamadang | Hamadan, IR |
| F188 | 以斯巴杭 | Yisibahang | Isfahan, IR |
| F188 | 莫湏耳 [recte 莫須耳] | Mohuier | => [Moxu’l] = Mosul, IQ |
| F188 | 尼泥物 | Niniwu | Nīnawā, IQ = Nineveh |
| F188 | 穌撒 | Susa | Susa, IR |
| F188 | 多里斯 | Duolisi | Tolis => Tabriz, IR |
| F189 | 厄撒 | Esa | Nissa => Ashgabat, TM |
| F189 | 費路察 [recte 費路祭] | Feilucha | => [Feiluji] > Firuki > Firūzkuh, IR |
| F189 | 黑辣德 | Heilade | Herat, AF |
| F189 | 默思沙 | Mosisha | Mashhad, IR |
| F189 | 伯兒西亞囯 | Boerxiya guo | Persia, IR |
| F190 | 巴尔克 | Baerke | Balkh, AF |
| F190 | 萼斯得 | Eside | Yezd => Yazd, IR [located in Bost?, Laschkhar Gah, AF on the map] |
| F190 | 波加辣 | Bojiala | Bokara = Bukhara = Buxoro, UZ |
| F190 | 加思納 | Jiasina | Ghazna, AF |
| F190 | 佳波耳 | Jiaboer | Kabul, AF |
| F190 | 甘大哈 | Gandaha | Kandahar, AF |
| F190 | 撒郎 | Salang | Zarang => Zaranj, AF |
| F191 | 亞都 | Yadou | Ato > Attock, Cambellpur, PK |
| F191 | 巴靼象 | Badaxiang | Badakhshan, AF |
| F191 | 法尔加納 | Faerjiana | Fergana, ZU |
| F191 | 加尔祭亞 | Jiaerjiya | Kalkha Mongols |
| F191 | 加右彌耳 [recte 加石彌耳] | Jiayoumier | => [Jiashimier] = Kashmir, IN |
| F191 | 辣貨耳 | Lahuoer | Lahore, PK |
| F191 | 小帝白德 | Xiao Dibaide | Little Tibet / Lesser Tibet (Skardu, Baltistan) |
| F191 | 莫卧爾囯 | Mowoer guo | Moghul Empire (F191, F227) |
| F192 | 亞取 | Yaqu | Aqsu = Aksu, CN |
| F192 | 甲思甲尔 | Jiasijiaer | Kashgar, CN |
| F192 | 居家 | Jujia | Kuche (庫車), CN |
| F192 | 沙巴浪日 [recte 少巴浪日] | Sha Balangri | => [Shao Balangri] > Little Balur / > Petite Bucharie? |
| F192 | 亞耳納 | Yaerna | Yarna = Yarkand, CN |
| F193 | 加理 | Jiali | => Cialis => Korla, CN |
| F193 | 乾州 | Ganzhou | Ganzhou, Hunan Province, CN |
| F193 | 嘉湖 | Jia hu | Jia Lake => Er hai (洱海)?, CN |
| F193 | 辣撒 | Lasa | Lhasa, CN |
| F193 | 星宿湖 | Xingxiu hu | Star’s Lodge Lake => Zhaling (扎陵) Lake, CN? |
| F193 | 索州 [recte 肅州] | Suozhou | => [Suzhou], Gansu, CN |
| F193 | 帝白德 | Dibaide | Tibet, CN |
| F193 | 五臟 | Wuzang | Ü-tsang, Lhasa and Tsang Province |
| F193 | 西矃 | Xining | Xining, CN |
| F193 | 黃河 | Huang he | Yellow River, CN |
| F194 | 保寧 | Baoning | Baoning, CN |
| F194 | 常德 | Changde | Changde, CN |
| F194 | 成都 | Chengdu | Chengdu, CN |
| F194 | 重慶 | Chongqing | Chongqing, CN |
| F194 | 德安 | De’an | De’an, CN |
| F194 | 鳳翔 | Fengxiang | Fengxiang, CN |
| F194 | 汾州 | Fenzhou | Fenzhou, CN |
| F194 | 鞏昌 | Gongchang | Gongchang, CN |
| F194 | 漢中 | Hanzhong | Hanzhong, CN |
| F194 | 河南 | Henan | Henan, CN |
| F194 | 荊州 | Jingzhou | Jingzhou, CN |
| F194 | 夔州 | Kuizhou | Kuizhou, CN |
| F194 | 蘭州 | Lanzhou | Lanzhou, CN |
| F194 | 龍安 | Longan | Longan, CN |
| F194 | 南陽 | Nanyang | Nanyang, CN |
| F194 | 寧夏 | Ningxia | Ningxia, CN |
| F194 | 平凉 [recte 平涼] | Pingliang | => [Pingliang], CN |
| F194 | 平陽 | Pingyang | Pingyang, CN |
| F194 | 襄陽 | Qianyang | Qianyang, CN |
| F194 | 鄖陽 | Yunyang | Yunyang, CN |
| F194 | 大原 | Dayuan | Taiyuan, CN |
| F194 | 西寧 [recte 西安] | Xining | => [Xi’an], CN |
| F194 | 延安 | Yan’an | Yan’an, CN |
| F195 | 安慶 | Anqing | Anqing, CN |
| F195 | 保定 | Baoding | Baoding, CN |
| F195 | 北京 | Beijing | Beijing, CN |
| F195 | 中国 | Zhongguo | China, CN (F195, F231) |
| F195 | 東昌 | Dongchang | Dongchang, CN |
| F195 | 鳳陽 | Fengyang | Fengyang, CN |
| F195 | 歸德 | Guide | Guide (–1913) => Shangqiu (1913–), CN |
| F195 | 杭州 | Hangzhou | Hangzhou, CN |
| F195 | 漢陽 | Hanyang | Hanyang, CN |
| F195 | 淮安 | Huai’an | Huai’an, CN |
| F195 | 黃州 | Huangzhou | Huangzhou, CN |
| F195 | 徽州 | Huizhou | Huizhou, Jiangxi and Anhui Provinces, CN |
| F195 | 濟南 | Ji’nan | Ji’nan, CN |
| F195 | 江寧 | Jiangning | Jiangning, CN |
| F195 | 濟寧 | Jining | Jining, CN |
| F195 | 九江 | Jiujiang | Jiujiang, CN |
| F195 | 開封 | Kaifeng | Kaifeng, CN |
| F195 | 萊洲 | Laizhou | Laizhou, CN |
| F195 | 路安 [recte 潞安] | Lu’an | => [Lu’an], Provinz Shanxi, CN |
| F195 | 爐州 | Luzhou | Luzhou, CN |
| F195 | 青州 | Qingzhou | Qingzhou, CN |
| F195 | 沙門島 | Shamen dao | Shamen Island, now Licheng miao Archipelago, Shandong, CN |
| F195 | 松江 | Songjiang | Songjiang (Shanghai), CN |
| F195 | 蘓州 | Suzhou | Suzhou, Jiangsu, CN |
| F195 | 徐州 | Xuzhou | Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, CN |
| F195 | 楊州 | Yangzhou | Yangzhou, CN |
| F195 | 岳州 | Yuezhou | Yuezhou, CN |
| F195 | 彰德 | Zhangde | Zhangde, CN |
| F195 | 真定 [recte 正定] | Zhending [(–1723)] | => [Zhengding] (1723–), Hebei, CN |
| F196 | 亞記 | Yaji | Aki (安芸) , Hiroshima, JP |
| F196 | 明我 | Mingwo | *M/Biŋgò > Bungo => Bungo kuni, now Ōita prefecture, JP |
| F196 | 昌國島 | Changguo dao | Changguo Island => Zhoushan dao (Island of Boat Mountain) |
| F196 | 崇明島 | Chongming dao | Chongming Island, Shanghai, CN |
| F196 | 朝鮮 | Chaoxian | Chosŏn (조선) = Korea |
| F196 | 以震 | Yizhen | Echizen Province (越前), JP |
| F196 | 江源 [recte 江原] | Jiangyuan | => [Jiangyuan] = Gangwon (강원) = Kangwŏn (Circuit), KR |
| F196 | 京幾 | Jingji | Gyeonggi (경기) = Kyŏnggi (Circuit), KR |
| F196 | 慶尚 | Qingshang | Gyeongsang (경상) = Kyŏngsang (Circuit), KR |
| F196 | 全羅 | Quanluo | Jeolla (Jeonla 전라) = Chŏlla (Circuit), KR |
| F196 | 男加撒記 | Nanjiasaji | Nagasaki, JP |
| F196 | 西一尼島 | Xiyini dao | Nishi Island, Oki archipelago, JP |
| F196 | 平安 | Ping’an | Pyeong’an (평안) = P’yŏng-an (Circuit), KP |
| F196 | 段撒島 | Duansa | Tonsa Island (土佐国) => Shikoku, JP |
| F196 | 鳳馬島 | Fengma dao | “Fungma”, Joan Blaeu, 1655 => Tsushima Island (對馬島), JP |
| F197 | 亞歸達 | Yaguida | Akita Province, JP |
| F197 | 熱多 | Reduo | Jedo > Edo, JP |
| F197 | 惡撒加 | Esajia | Esaca = Osaka, JP |
| F197 | 日本 | Riben | Japan, JP |
| F197 | 默亞苛 | Moyake | Miake => Mie, JP |
| F197 | 岡島 | Gang dao | Oka shima, JP |
| F197 | 撒多 | Saduo | Sado > Sado sima > Sado Island, JP |
| F197 | 世馬 | Shima | => [recte Jap. 志摩] > Mie, JP |
| F197 | 徐龍加 | Xulongjia | Suruga => Shizuoka, JP |
| F205 | 持辣計岸 | Chilaji an | Port of Drake / Drakes Bay, California, US |
| F206 | 新亞肋達 [recte 新亞肋邊] | Xin Yaleda | => [Xin Yalebian] = New Albion, US |
| F206 | 聖奧斯定島 | Sheng Aosiding dao | San Augustin Island, Oaxaca / San Augustin, Cedros Island?, MX, cf. Cedros Island, F243 |
| F206 | 聖鉄吾岸 | Sheng Tiewu an | San Diego Port / Coast, US |
| F206 | 色約 | Seyue | “Seyo“ (G. de l’Isle, 1700) => Santa Barbara?, US |
| F207 | 加里伏尔尼亞 | Jialifuerniya di | Land of California |
| F207 | 聖瑪尔聽岸 | Sheng Maerting an | St. Martin Baye => San Martin, MX |
| F207 | 聖安德肋岸 | Sheng Andele an | Port de S. André, Yuma, US |
| F208 | 穆計 | Muji | Moqui => Hopi, 1st nation, US |
| F208 | 北河 | Bei he | Rio de Norte => Rio Grande |
| F208 | 善信 | Shanxin | Santa Fe, New Mexico, US |
| F208 | 蘇馬斯 | Sumasi | Zuma, extinct people, [sic as place and as people] in the area between El Paso, US and Chihuahua, MX |
| F209 | 新黙是可囯 | Xin Moshike guo | Land of New Mexiko > New Mexiko, US |
| F209 | 壼所斯 [recte 臺所斯] | Kunsuosi | => [Taisuosi] > Taos [language] => Tiwa = Tiga, 1st nation, US |
| F210 | 則你斯 | Zenisi | Cenis > Asinai = Hasinai, 1st nation, US |
| F210 | 達恩撒 | Daensa | (Les Petits) Taensas => Avoyelles, 1st nation, US |
| F210 | 西加察 | Xijiacha | Chicasa => Chaloklowa-Chickasaw, 1st nation, US |
| F210 | 猫地 | Mao di | pays (de la nation) du chat => Erie, 1st nation, US |
| F210 | 約撒熱 | Yuesare | Osage (Midwestern), 1st nation, US |
| F210 | 門都 | Mendou | Mento => Pawnee, 1st nation, US |
| F210 | 加巴 | Jiaba | Kappa = Quapaw, 1st nation, US |
| F210 | 大尼各 | Danige | Tonica = Tunica, 1st nation, US |
| F211 | 加海林 | Cahailin | Carolina, US |
| F211 | 開花囯 | Kaihua guo | Florida, US (F210, F211) |
| F211 | 冐未辣 | Maoweila | Mobile, Alabama, US |
| F211 | 聖奧斯定 | Sheng Aosiding | San Augustín = St. Augustine, Florida, US |
| F211 | 未爾日你亞囯 | Weierriniya guo | Virginia Land, US |
| F212 | 馬利郎 | Malilang | Maryland, US |
| F216 | 花島 | Hua dao | Ilha das Flores, Açores, PT |
| F216 | 花牙島 | Huaya dao | Ilha do Faial, Açores, PT |
| F216 | 北各島 [recte 比各島] | Beige dao | => [Bige] Island => Pico Island, Açores, PT, cf. Bige dao F181, twice |
| F218 | 合豋 | Hedeng | Oudane = Wādān, MR |
| F218 | 加辣利各 | Jialalige | Carlige = Caragoli => Biru = Gualata = Oualata = Walata, MR |
| F219 | 亞加德 | Yajiade | Agadez, NE |
| F219 | 德塞 | Desai | Tghaza => Taoudenni, ML |
| F220 | 加弗撒 | Jiafusa | Capsa = Gafsa, TN |
| F220 | 沙漠 | Shamo | Sand desert, i.e., (Lybian) Sahara |
| F221 | 弗生 | Fusheng | Fezzan, LY |
| F221 | 利未亞 | Liweiya | Lybia [= Africa] (F221, F257, F293) |
| F222 | 阿日辣 | Arila | Augila = Awjila, LY |
| F222 | 巴納撒 | Banasa | Bezima = Buzaymah = Buzema, LY |
| F222 | 厄日多囯 | Eriduo guo | Egypt, EG (F186, F222) |
| F222 | 去故 | Qugu | Gaoga => Kucu => al Kufra = Kofra, LY |
| F223 | 該祿 | Gailu | Cairo, EG |
| F223 | 唐加辣 | Tangjiala | Dongola (Old), Nubia => Dunqulā al-ʿAjūz, SD |
| F223 | 辣黙格 | La Moge | La Mècque = Makkah = Mecca, SA |
| F223 | 默的納 | Modina | Medina, SA |
| F223 | 西乃山 | Xinai shan | Mount Sinai, EG |
| F223 | 紅海 | Hong hai | [Western] Red Sea |
| F223 | 武塔 | Wuta | Wajh > al-Wajh, SA |
| F223 | 攘波 | Rangbo | Yambo => Yanbuʿ al-Bahr, SA |
| F224 | 伯所辣 | Bosuola | Basora => Basra, IQ |
| F224 | 厄加的勿 | Ejiadiwu | El Catiff > Al-Qaṭīf = Qatif, SA |
| F224 | 伯兒西亞海 | Boerxiya hai | Persian Gulf |
| F224 | 亞喇彼亞囯 | Yalabiya guo | Saudi Arabia, SA |
| F225 | 壳尔老 | Keerlao | Kerman, IR |
| F225 | 辣尔 | Laer | Lar, Fars Province, IR |
| F225 | 馬思家德 | Masijiade | Maskat = Masqaṭ = Muscat, OM |
| F225 | 西尔母斯 | Xiermusi | Ormus = Ohrmazd => Hormozgan, IR |
| F225 | 記辣斯 | Jilasi | Shiraz, IR |
| F225 | 所哈耳 | Suohaer | Sohar = Suḥār = Suhar, OM |
| F225 | 代思 | Daisi | Tiz > al-Tīz = Tis, IR |
| F226 | 亞辣巴 | Yalaba | Cape Arabah, Las Bela (1742-1955) => Ormara, PK |
| F226 | 的納 | Dina | (Daman and) Diu => Diu (district), IN |
| F226 | 水淂 | Shuide | Guadel > Gwadar, PK |
| F226 | 印度河 | Yindu he | Indus |
| F226 | 大達 | Dada | Khudabad > Thatta, PK |
| F227 | 亞格辣 | Yagela | Agra [capital], IN |
| F227 | 亞思黙 | Yasimo | Asmo => Ajmer, IN |
| F227 | 岡拜 | Gangbai | Cambay => Khambhat, IN |
| F227 | 大慢 | Daman | Daman (and Diu) => Daman (district), IN |
| F227 | 德理 | Deli | Delhi, IN |
| F227 | 母堂 | Mutang | Multan, PK |
| F227 | 蘓辣德 | Sulade | Surat, IN |
| F228 | 哈辣巴 | Halaba | Allahabad, IN |
| F228 | 亞所 | Yasuo | Hajo, Asso, Guwahati, IN |
| F228 | 百納肋 | Bainale | Benares = Varanasi, IN |
| F228 | 大察 | Dacha | Dacca = Dhaka, BD |
| F228 | 安日河 | Anrihe | Ganges |
| F228 | 吳格里 | Wugeli | Hooghly, IN |
| F228 | 天竺 | Tianzhu | India (Western) [buddh. toponym] |
| F228 | 古的 | Gudi | Kuti = Nyalam (聂拉木), Tibet, CN |
| F228 | 約里沙 | Yuelisha | Orissa, IN |
| F228 | 巴大納 | Bada’na | Badna > Patna, IN |
| F229 | 亞法 | Yafa | Ava Kingdom, now Inwa, MM |
| F229 | 北勝 | Beisheng | Beisheng, CN |
| F229 | 奔葛利 | Bengeli | Bengal |
| F229 | 大理 | Dali | Dali, CN |
| F229 | 東印第亞 | Dong Yindiya | East India > Mainland Southeast Asia |
| F229 | 額尔宮 | Eergong | Gergong = Garhgaon, (Ahom), now Assam, IN |
| F229 | 路姜 | Lujiang | Luang Prabang, LA |
| F229 | 桑靻辣 | Sangzula | Shamdara => Chadara => Kamata, now BD and IN |
| F229 | 順寧 | Shunning | Shunning, CN |
| F229 | 林步 | Linbu | Thimphu, BT |
| F229 | 永昌 | Yongchang | Yongchang, CN |
| F229 | 末寕 [recte 永寕] | Moning | => [Yongning], CN |
| F229 | 雲南 | Yunnan | Yunnan, CN |
| F230 | 安南 | Annan | Annam, VN |
| F230 | 砲 | Pao | Bao (Royaume) (in French) = pháo (sound in Vietnamese) = pao (in Chinese) recte Bộ (in Bắc Bộ 北圻 in Vietnamese) |
| F230 | 宝慶 | Baoqing | Baoqing, CN |
| F230 | 長沙 | Changsha | Changsha, CN |
| F230 | 辰州 | Chenzhou | Chenzhou, CN |
| F230 | 都岛 [recte 都勻] | Dudao | => [Duyun], CN |
| F230 | 高州 | Gaozhou | Gaozhou, CN |
| F230 | 廣州 | Guangzhou | Guangzhou, CN |
| F230 | 桂林 | Guilin | Guilin, CN |
| F230 | 貴陽 | Guiyang | Guiyang, CN |
| F230 | 衡洲 [= 衡州] | Hengzhou | = [Hengzhou] => Hengyang (衡阳), CN |
| F230 | 馬湖 | Ma hu | “Horse Lake” = Ma Lake, Sichuan |
| F230 | 廉州 | Lianzhou | Lianzhou, now Hepu (合浦), CN |
| F230 | 黎平 | Liping | Liping, CN |
| F230 | 南寧 | Nanning | Nanning, CN |
| F230 | 平樂 | Pingle | Pingle, CN |
| F230 | 廣南 | Guangnan | Quảng Nam (Quốc 1558–1777) |
| F230 | 容退 [recte 容县(=容縣)] | Rongtui | => [Rongxian] = Rong District, Guangxi, CN |
| F230 | 三州島 | Sanzhou dao | Sanchão I. = I. de Sanchan => Shangchuan (上川島), CN |
| F230 | 石阡 | Shiqian | Shiqian, CN |
| F230 | 大平 [recte 太平] | Daping | => [Taiping], CN |
| F230 | 淂州 [recte 浔州 (= 潯州)] | Dezhou | => [Xunzhou], CN |
| F230 | 叙州 | Xuzhou | Xuzhou, Hunan Province, CN |
| F230 | 肇慶 | Zhaoqing | Zhaoqing, CN |
| F230 | 鎮安 | Zhenan | Zhenan, CN |
| F231 | 潮州 | Chaozhou | Chaozhou, CN |
| F231 | 福州 | Fuzhou | Fuzhou, Fujian Province, CN |
| F231 | 撫州 | Fuzhou | Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province, CN |
| F231 | 贑州 | Ganzhou | Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, CN |
| F231 | 惠州 | Huizhou | Huizhou, Guangdong Province, CN |
| F231 | 吉安 | Ji’an | Ji’an, CN |
| F231 | 連平 [recte 建寧] | Lianping | => [Jianning], CN |
| F231 | 連昌 [recte 建昌] | Lianchang | => [Jianchang], Jiangxi Province, CN |
| F231 | 金華 | Jinhua | Jinhua, CN |
| F231 | 臨江 | Linjiang | Linjiang, CN |
| F231 | 澳門 | Aomen | Macao = Macau, CN |
| F231 | 南安 | Nan’an | Nan’an, CN |
| F231 | 南昌 | Nanchang | Nanchang, CN |
| F231 | 南雄 | Nanxiong | Nanxiong, Guandong Province, CN |
| F231 | 寧波 | Ningbo | Ningbo, CN |
| F231 | 饒州 | Raozhou | Raozhou, CN |
| F231 | 紹興 | Shaoxing | Shaoxing, CN |
| F231 | 韶州 | Shaozhou | Shaozhou, Guandong Province, CN |
| F231 | 臺湾 | Taiwan | Taiwan, ROC |
| F231 | 汀洲 | Tingzhou | Tingzhou, CN |
| F231 | 溫州 | Wenzhou | Wenzhou, CN |
| F231 | 廈門 | Xiamen | Xiamen, CN |
| F231 | 興化 | Xinghua | Xinghua, CN |
| F231 | 延平 | Yanping | Yanping, CN |
| F231 | 漳州 | Zhangzhou | Zhangzhou, CN |
| F232 | 大琉球 | Da Liuqiu | Great Ryūkyū, (= Okinawa), JP |
| F232 | 火島 | Huo dao | Kazan-tō => Volcano Islands = Kazan-rettō (Kita Iwojima, Iwojima and Minami Iwojima), JP |
| F232 | 小琉球 | Xiao Liuqiu | Lesser Ryūkyū Islands = Saki Islands?, JP [A. Gaubil, S.I.: Petite Ryūkyū = Taiwan!] |
| F232 | 三王島 | Sanwang dao | I. trois mages = Three (Wise) Kings Islands = Saki Islands: Miyako (宮古), Ishigaki (石垣) and and Iriomote (西表島)?, JP |
| F232 | 火島 | Huo dao | Volcano Islands (Kita Iwojima, Iwojima and Minami Iwojima?), JP |
| F232 | 周山島 [recte 舟山島] | Zhoushan dao | Zhoushan dao (Zhou Mountain Island) => [Zhoushan dao (Island of Boat Mountain)], Ningbo, Zhejiang, CN |
| F233 | 奴兒島 | Nuer dao | Nur (نور) Island => Island of Light => Lighthouse Island? |
| F241 | 麻雀島 | Maque dao | Hawaii (Kahoʻolawe, Lānaʻi and Molokaʻi), US |
| F241 | 檀香山 | Tanxiang shan | Honolulu, US |
| F243 | 灰島 | Hui dao | Ash-grey Island => Isle de Cendres = Anublada => Socorro Island? / San Benedicto?, Colima / Fog-grey Island = La Anublada => Isle de Cèdres = Cedros Island?, MX |
| F244 | 東紅海 | Dong hong hai | Mer Vermeille = (Eastern) Red Sea => Gulf of California |
| F244 | 巴斯得辣 | Basidela | Bas’tel => San Sebastien, MX |
| F244 | 西那樂亞 | Xinaleya | Sinaloa, MX |
| F244 | 聖弥額尔 | Sheng Mikeer | St. Michael, Culiacan, Zapotitlan, Sinaloa, MX |
| F245 | 吉呂亞国 [recte 古呂亞国] | Jilüya guo | => [Gulüya guo] > Land of Culiacan, Audiença de Guadalaiara => Culiacán, MX |
| F245 | 北海 | Bei hai | Lake Borgne, US |
| F245 | 默是可囯 | Moshike guo | Mexico, MX (F245, F246) |
| F246 | 亞墨利加 | Yamolijia | America (F246, F318, F354, F426) |
| F246 | 聖神湾 | Sheng shen wan | San Espirito Bay, Mobile, US |
| F247 | 哈麻峽 | Hama xia | Bahama Strait = Bahama Channel |
| F247 | 古把島 | Guba dao | Cuba, CU |
| F247 | 哈瓦納 | Hawa’na | Havanna, CU |
| F247 | 色羅北 | Seluobei | Serrope => Lake Okeechobee, US |
| F247 | 聖雅各納 | Sheng Yagena | Santiago (de Cuba), CU |
| F248 | 路盖島 | Lugai dao | Lucayan archipelago > Bahama archipelago, GB |
| F253 | 緑峯島 | Lüfeng dao | Cape Verde archipelago, CV |
| F254 | 盎布耳 | Angbuer | Angbul => Mboul, SN |
| F254 | 加州 | Jiazhou | Cacheu, GW |
| F254 | 緑岸 | Lü an | Cap-Vert, SN (peninsula) |
| F254 | 法林 | Falin | Farin, GW |
| F254 | 包厄唂耳河 | Baoehaer he | Baowhal > Baoulé-Cayar = Panier Foulé = Ferlo, SN |
| F254 | 乾比河 | Ganbi he | Gambia River = the Gambia |
| F254 | 儒亞辣 | Ruyala | Joal, SN |
| F254 | 岡多耳西 | Gangduoerxi | Cantorsy => Kantora Kingdom, GM |
| F254 | 獅山 | Shi shan | Lion Mountains => Serra Lyoa = Sierra Leone, SL |
| F254 | 黑河 | Hei he | Niger River = Joliba ≠ Great Scarcies River, drawn on the map |
| F254 | 路非思格 | Lufeisige | Rufisque => Rio fresco, SN |
| F254 | 同補 | Tongbu | Tombut Kingdom, Timbuktu, ML |
| F254 | 木亞 | Muya | Wood arabic = Caesalpinioideae |
| F255 | 白利撒 | Bailisa | Bélissa (capital of northern Borgu, lost in the Kainji dam) = Berissa = Bélissa = Bousra = Boussa = Bussa, NG |
| F255 | 加吾 | Jiawu | Gago Kingdom |
| F255 | 故白耳 | Gubaier | Guber => Gobirawa (Hausaland) => Gobir, NG |
| F255 | 家童漠 | Jiatongmo | Catongb/mo = Catambo => Kangaba?, ML |
| F255 | 穌所河 | Suso he | Sousos River => Sankarani River? (Lake Sélingué?), ML and GN |
| F256 | 弟里 | Dili | Diré?, ML / Tirea? = Tilli, NG |
| F256 | 富家辣 | Fujiala | Fu-/Hugara > Gangara, NG / Ouangara?, CM |
| F256 | 加諾 | Jianuo | Kano (Hausaland), NG |
| F256 | 掛淂湖 | Guade hu | Lac de Guarde = Morais de Gardo => Gangere River-Lake?, Sokoto Caliphate (Hausaland), NG |
| F256 | 黑人囯 | Heiren guo | Negroland (Moll, 1736) = Land of Black people = Hausaland = Hausa Kingdom |
| F256 | 色瑪辣 | Semala | Semara > Zerma, Songhai Kingdom => Djerma, NE |
| F256 | 色黑公達 | Seheigongda | Sennegonda => Zarmaganda region => Ouallam / Dosso?, NE / Sokoto?, NG |
| F256 | 散法辣 | Sanfala | Zamfara, NG |
| F257 | 亞馬生 | Yamasheng | Amazen > Agadem, NE |
| F257 | 得弥決 | Demijue | Damazé => Fort Lamy?, TD |
| F258 | 亞毘心囯 | Yapixin guo | Abyssinia (F222, F258) |
| F258 | 奧加 | Aojia | Gaoga Kingdom |
| F258 | 書撒 | Shusa | Chusa > Soba, capital of Nubian Kingdom of Alodia => Juba, SS |
| F259 | 要囯 | Yao guo | Awsa Kingdom => Aussa (1734–1936), now Afar Region, ET |
| F259 | 公打耳 | Gongdaer | Gondar = Gonder, ET |
| F259 | 弥地 | Midi | Medra => Met’i, ET |
| F259 | 生那尔 | Shengnaer | Sennar = Sannār, SD |
| F259 | 虎城 | Hu cheng | Tigrinya, ER |
| F260 | 亞豋 | Yadeng | Aden, YE |
| F260 | 巴而波辣 | Baerbola | Barbara => Berbera, SO |
| F260 | 佳肋生 | Jialesheng | Caxem = Qishn, YE |
| F260 | 多法耳 | Duofaer | Dhofar, OM |
| F260 | 西北德 | Xibeide | Zibit = Ǧiddaḧ = Jeddah, SA |
| F260 | 撒那亞 | Sa’naya | Sanaa, YE = Sanaʽa |
| F260 | 索路多辣島 | Suoluduola dao | Suquṭrā = Socotra Island, YE |
| F260 | 色以辣 | Seyila | Zayla = Zeila, SO |
| F261 | 故畧島 | Gulüe dao | Gouliè > Gouriè => Khūryān = Khuriya Muriya Islands, Dhofar, OM |
| F263 | 亞印第亞 | Ya Yindiya | Asian India > East of India, IN |
| F263 | 明兵 | Mingbing | B/Mingbing =>Bungbaim > Baçaim = Bombay = Mumbai, IN |
| F263 | 架里故 | Jialigu | Calicut = Kozhikode, IN |
| F263 | 各真 | Gezhen | Cochin = Kochi, IN |
| F263 | 臥亞 | Woya | Goa, IN |
| F263 | 各尔公達 | Geergongda | Golugonda, IN = Golgonda |
| F263 | 馬都肋 | Madule | Madras, IN |
| F263 | 明的古利 | Mingdiguli | M/Bengdiguri > Pondicherry, IN |
| F263 | 聖多黙 | Sheng Duomo | São Tomé (de Meliapore) = Mylapore, IN |
| F265 | 亞辣岡 | Yalagang | Arakan, now Rakhine State, MM |
| F265 | 北古 | Beigu | Pegu = Bago, MM |
| F265 | 旁右 | Pangyou | Bangkok, TH (right side of Chao Phraya River) |
| F265 | 老 | Lao | Laos, LA |
| F265 | 禄屋 | Luwu | => Lavo > Lavapura > Lopburi, TH |
| F265 | 北龍 | Beilong | Pyu = Phyuu, MM |
| F265 | 黙尔記岸 | Moerji an | Port of Mergui => Myeik, MM |
| F265 | 暹羅 | Xianluo | Siam |
| F265 | 三弗齊 | Sanfuqi | Takola? = Takua Pa, Phang Nga, TH / Tenasserim, MM on the map ≠ Srivijayan (三弗齊) = Jambi, Sumatra ID |
| F265 | 西两 | Xiliang | Sirião = Syriam => Thanlyin, MM |
| F265 | 多貢 | Duogong | Dagon => Yangon, MM |
| F266 | 岡波牙 | Gangboya | Cambodia, KH |
| F266 | 長巴 | Zhangba | Champa = Chăm Pa (占城), VN |
| F266 | 法以服 | Fayifu | Faifo => Vijaya => Quy Nhơn, VN |
| F266 | 瓊州 | Qiongzhou | Qiongzhou, CN |
| F266 | 客出 | Kechu | “guests out” => Trinh Control > Tonkin Kingdom => Kecho Province, now VN |
| F266 | 容話 | Ronghua | Pnom Penh, KH |
| F266 | 法以服 | Fayifu | Faifo => Vijaya => Quy Nhơn, VN |
| F266 | 石灘 | Shi tan | Stoney strands |
| F266 | 交趾 | Jiaozhi | Việt Nam (越南), VN |
| F267 | 呂宋 | Lü Song | Luzon, PH |
| F267 | 馬尼喇 | Manila | Manila, PH |
| F267 | 敏多祿島 | Minduolu dao | Mindoro Island, PH |
| F267 | 巴乃島 | Banai dao | Panay Island, PH |
| F268 | 非里比納島 | Feilibina dao | Archipelagic Philippines |
| F268 | 馬思巴島 | Masiba dao | Masbate Island, PH |
| F269 | 致命島 | Zhiming dao | Las islas de San Lázaro = St. Lazarus Islands = Homonhon Island, Samar, PH |
| F270 | 松松島 | Songsong dao | Asuncion Island, MP |
| F270 | 若翰島 | Ruohan dao | Juan Island => Guam, GU, twice |
| F270 | 花納島 | Hua’na dao | Hua’na Island => Anatahan, MP |
| F270 | 娣妹島 | Dimei dao | Imōto-jima, JP |
| F270 | 賊島 | Zei dao | Islas de los Ladrones = Thieves’ Islands => Mariana Islands, US |
| F270 | 晒板島 | Shaiban dao | Saipan, MP |
| F271 | 聖若王島 | Sheng Ruowang dao | Holy King Juan Island => Guam?, GU (≠ cf. F304 Sheng Ruowang dao) |
| F272 | 嘉斯巴島 | Jiasiba dao | Gaspar [Rico] Island => Bokak, MH |
| F273 | 患島 | Huan dao | I. désolée = Amargura (I. of Bitterness) = Fonualei, TO |
| F274 | 石灘 | Shi tan | Stoney strands |
| F277 | 隐修島 | Yinxiu dao | Roca partida, Revillagigedo Islands, MX |
| F278 | 聖方濟各島 | Sheng Fangjige dao | Isle de St. François => Isla Santa Rosa? = Clarión, Revillagigedo Islands, Colima, MX |
| F278 | 孟大納島 | Mengdana dao | Mendaña Island => Wake?, US, twice, cf. F344 |
| F281 | 亞瓜捕尔各 | Yaguabu’erge | Acapulco, MX |
| F281 | 安得夾辣 | Andejiala | Antequera, Provinz Guaxaca, Audiença de Mexico => Oaxaca City, MX |
| F281 | 黙可亞国 | Mokeya guo | Mechoacan, Audiença de Mexico, MX |
| F281 | 黙是可 | Moshike | Mexico, Audiença de Mexico, MX |
| F281 | 得辣斯加辣 | Delasijiala | Tlaxcala, MX |
| F281 | 真十字架 | Zhenshizijia | “True Cross” = Veracruz, MX |
| F282 | 掛第馬辣 | Guadimala | Audiença de Guatimala => Guatemala, GT |
| F282 | 王岸 | Wang an | Costa Real, Campèche, MX |
| F282 | 風基加 | Fengqijia | Golfo de Fonseca |
| F282 | 紅都拉新 | Hongdulaxin | Honduras, HN |
| F282 | 你加拉瓜 | Nijialagua | Nicaragua, NI |
| F282 | 大巴斯各 | Dabasige | Tabasco, Audiença de Guatimala, now GT |
| F282 | 直平安 | Zhiping’an | “True Peace” => Verapaz, GT |
| F282 | 守加斯 [recte 宇加單 / 宇加堂] | Shoujiasi | => [Yujiadan] / [Yujiatang] =>Yucatan, MX |
| F283 | 加尔大熱納 | Jiaerdarena | Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, CO |
| F283 | 冨岸 | Fuan | Costa Rica, CR |
| F283 | 聖安德了島 | Sheng Andele dao | San Andrés => Isla de San Andrés, CO |
| F283 | 亞買加島 | Yamaijia dao | Jamaica, JM |
| F284 | 苛紀巴卦岸 | Kejibagua an | Coquebacon (Côte de) => Campèche, MX |
| F284 | 去辣高島 | Qulagao dao | Curaçao Island, NL |
| F284 | 馬辣盖薄 | Malagaibao | Maracaibo, VE |
| F284 | 聖瑪尔達 | Sheng Maerda | Santa Marta, CO |
| F284 | 聖多明我 | Sheng Duomingwo | Santo Domingo, DO |
| F285 | 馬的尼加島 | Madinijia dao | La Martinique, MQ |
| F285 | 富岸島 | Fuan dao | Puerto Rico, US |
| F285 | 聖未增辣島 | Sheng Weizengla dao | Saint Vincent [and the Grenadines], VC |
| F285 | 三聖島 | Sansheng dao | Trinidad [and Tobago], TT |
| F290 | 布肋 | Bule | Bouré, SL |
| F290 | 怗入 [recte 怙入] | Tieru | => [Huru] > Kru > Grand Kru, LR |
| F291 | 亞加鋉 [recte 亞加辣] | Yajiasu | => [Yajiala] >Acala > Accra, GH |
| F291 | 各漠 | Gemo | Gommo => Bassam (Old), CI |
| F291 | 辣民 | Lamin | Elmina, GH |
| F291 | 龜揑亞囯 | Guinieya guo | Guinea, GN (F290, F291) |
| F291 | 大卜 | Dabu | Tabou, CI |
| F292 | 亞生 | Yasheng | Assem => Arda Kingdom => Adjatché => Porto Novo, BJ |
| F292 | 亞當班 | Yadangban | Altambane => Ovwian, Warri, NG |
| F292 | 伯寧 | Boning | Benin, BJ |
| F292 | 伯寧囯 | Boning guo | Benin Kingdom |
| F292 | 居拉漠島 | Julamo dao | Curamo Island => Victoria Island, Lagos, NG |
| F292 | 浪塔 / [recte? 波塔] | Lang ta | => [Bo ta]? => “Le Bastion contre les vagues” = Bight of Bonny / Bight of Biafra |
| F292 | 波島 | Bo dao | Póo (Fernando) Island => Bioko Island, GQ |
| F292 | 王島 | Wang dao | Príncipe Island of São Tomé and Príncipe, PT |
| F293 | 彼亞海辣 / [recte 彼亞法辣] | Biyahaila | => [Biyafala] > Biafra |
| F293 | 莫若客 | Moruoke | “nobody as guest” => Regnum Medra? / regnum Macoco? / regnum Mujac? |
| F295 | 伯辣哇 | Bolawa | Baraawe, SO |
| F295 | 黑帝火皮亞囯 | Heidihuopiya guo | Ethiopia, ET (F294, F295) |
| F296 | 馬加多熱 | Majiaduore | Macadoge > Maqadīšū, SO |
| F299 | 各弄波 | Genongbo | Colombo, LK |
| F299 | 古浪 | Gulang | Quillon => Kollam, IN |
| F299 | 萬島 | Wan dao | Thousand Islands => Lakshadweep, IN and Maledives, MV |
| F300 | 則意蘭島 | Zeyilan dao | Ceylon Island, LK (F299, F300) |
| F300 | 小西洋 | Xiao xi yang | Lesser Western Ocean => Gulf of Bengal |
| F301 | 亞扇 | Yashan | Aceh, ID |
| F301 | 夬達 | Guaida | Kedah, MY |
| F301 | 馬利加 | Malijia | Malacca, MY |
| F301 | 巴大綱 | Badagang | Pattani, TH |
| F301 | 蘇門荅喇 | Sumendala | Sumatra, ID |
| F302 | 勃尔鈕 | Boerniu | Borneo, BN, MY, ID |
| F302 | 扳 | Ban | Pahang, MY |
| F302 | 丧巴斯 | Sangbasi | Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan, ID |
| F303 | 渤尔鈕国 | Boerniu guo | Brunei, Kingdom of, BN / Borneo, BN, MY, ID |
| F303 | 則肋伯島 | Zelebo dao | Celebes Island(s), Sulawesi, ID |
| F303 | 甲辣明島 | Jialaming dao | Kalimantan Island, ID |
| F304 | 仁祿洛 | Renluluo | Halmahera, ID |
| F304 | 敏大惱 | Minda’nao | Mindanao, PH |
| F304 | 木路古島 | Mulugu dao | Maluku Islands = Moluccas, ID |
| F304 | 聖若望島 | Sheng Ruowang dao | => San Juan, Visayas, PH (≠ F271 Sheng Ruowang dao) |
| F305 | 聖未増德島 | Sheng Weizengde dao | San Vincente Island => I. de los Martiros => Pulap = Pollap, Caroline Islands, FM |
| F307 | 鷄樂撒島 | Jilesa dao [= Gailosa] | “Scattered Islands (like) happy chickens” = Los Garbanzos = Chickpeas Islands => Ulithi, Yap in “Gailosa” > Carlosa = Carolines, FM |
| F307 | 花園島 | Huayuan dao | Los jardines = Chuuk Islands, Namonuito Islands?, FM / phantom island? |
| F307 | 珊瑚島 | Shanhu dao | Ile de Corail = Coral Islands => Motu one, Marquesas Islands, PF |
| F319 | 加肋島 | Jiale dao | Galepegos > Galapagos, EC |
| F319 | 大連湾 | Dalian wan | Gulf of Darién |
| F319 | 物辣瓜 | Wulagua | Veraguas, PA |
| F320 | 金加西辣地 | Jin Jiaxila di | Land of Castilla del Oro = Castilla de Oro |
| F320 | 邦北薬納 | Bangbeilena | Pamplona, CO |
| F320 | 波巴楊 | Bobayang | Popayán, CO |
| F320 | 聖信 | Sheng xin | Santa Fe de Antioquia, Medellin, CO |
| F320 | 堅土囯 | Jiantu guo | Tierra firme (1539–1543) |
| F321 | 可馬納 | Kemana | Cumaná, VE |
| F321 | 金魚湖 | Jinyu hu | Laguna del Dorado => Lake Parime / phantom lake? |
| F321 | 貴亞納地 | Guiyana di | Land of Guyana |
| F321 | 阿肋諾决河 | Alenuojue he | Orinoco River, CO and VE |
| F321 | 聖多黙 | Sheng Duomo | Santo Domingo, now Trinidad and Tobago, TT |
| F322 | 家理彼 | Jialibi | Caribs / Kalinago, 1st nation |
| F322 | 開古島 | Kaigu dao | Cariouacou, Grenadines, VC |
| F325 | 諸能拿島 | Zhu Nengna dao | Zhu Lengla = Various Islands of Noronha > Loronha [Fernando de Noronha] Archipelago > Illha de Noronha, BR |
| F326 | 聖瑪竇島 | Sheng Madou dao | San Matteo Island => Ascension?, SH-AC / phantom island? |
| F329 | 平大岸 [recte 安大岸] | Pingda an | Anda an > Anda Coast => Luanda Coast, AO |
| F329 | 工卾囯 | Gong’e guo | Congo = Kingdom of Kongo (F329, F365) |
| F329 | 孫第 | Sundi | Nsundi => Nsondi => Kinshasa, CD |
| F329 | 聖保祿 | Sheng Baolu | S. Paulo => Luanda, AO |
| F329 | 聖撒尔瓦多 | Sheng Saerwaduo | São Salvador => M’banza Kongo, now AO |
| F329 | 班撒 | Bansa | Bansa, Grand Duchy of Bamba => São Salvador, Kingdom of Kongo > M’banza, AO |
| F329 | 馬戎巴湾 | Marongba wan | Mayumba Bay, GA |
| F329 | 馬冷巴 | Malengba | Malemba, AO |
| F329 | 孫第 | Sundi | Nsundi => Nsondi => Kinshasa, CD |
| F329 | 聖撒尔瓦多 | Sheng Saerwaduo | São Salvador = Bansa, Kingdom of Kongo = M’banza, AO |
| F329 | 所惡 | Suoe | Sonho, Royaume de Congo => Santo António do Zaire => Soyo, AO |
| F330 | 齋歴湖 | Zhaili hu | Zaire lacus => Malawi Lake? |
| F331 | 計路亞 | Jiluya | Kilwa Kisiwani, TZ |
| F331 | 蒙非亞島 | Mengfeiya dao | Mafia Island, TZ |
| F331 | 蒙龍則 | Menglongze | Mombasa, KE |
| F331 | 穆厄目世囯 | Muemushi guo | Mu-emugi Land => Mono-Emugi Empire |
| F331 | 本巴島 | Benba dao | Pemba Island, TZ |
| F331 | 計路亞 | Jiluya | Quiloa, TZ |
| F331 | 風入湖 | Fengru hu | Wind into the Lake (wind = souffle > zafflan ) “Lac Zaflan” => Victoria Lake |
| F331 | 三囯怕島 | Sanguopa dao | Zangi-bar => Zanzibar Island, TZ |
| F332 | 青島 | Qing dao | Green Islands => Amirante Islands, SC |
| F338 | 榜加島 | Bangjia dao | Bangka Island, ID |
| F338 | 本馬雅生 | Benmayasheng | Banjarmasin, Kalimantan, Selatan, ID |
| F338 | 板冨 [recte 板當] | Banfu | => [Bandang] > Bantam > Banten, ID |
| F338 | 巴大未亞 | Badaweiya | Batavia = Jakarta, ID |
| F338 | 來 | Lai | Lau, Pontianak, Kalimantan, Selatan, ID |
| F338 | 松大峡 | Songda xia | Sunda Strait, ID |
| F339 | 恩德島 | Ende dao | Ende Island > Dnara Island > Adonara Island, ID |
| F339 | 巴里島 | Bali dao | Bali, ID |
| F339 | 比馬島 | Bima dao | Bima, ID |
| F339 | 則那伯島 [recte 則肋伯島] | Zenabo dao | => [Zelebo dao] = Celebes Island, Sulawesi, ID |
| F339 | 爪哇島 | Zhuawa dao | Java, ID |
| F339 | 馬加撒 | Majiasa | Makassar, Sulawesi, ID |
| F339 | 的墨辣 | Dimola | Timora =>Tivora, Selatan, ID |
| F340 | 洪巴島 | Hongba dao | Barat Daya archipelago, ID |
| F340 | 補肋島 | Bule dao | Buru Island, ID |
| F340 | 布通島 | Butong dao | Buton Island, ID |
| F340 | 果意島 | Guoyi dao | Kei Islands, Makulu, ID |
| F340 | 則辣島 | Zela dao | Sera Island, Tanimbar Islands, ID |
| F340 | 色郎島 | Selang dao | Seram Island, Maluku, ID |
| F340 | 底辣島 | Dila dao | Taliabu and Sula Islands Regency?, ID |
| F340 | 的木耳島 | Dimoer dao | Timor Island, ID |
| F341 | 亞路島 | Yalu dao | Aru Islands, Tenggara, ID |
| F341 | 新龜揑亞 | Xin Guinieya | New Guinea, PG |
| F342 | 羅經正峡 | Luojing zheng xia | Strait (where) the compass needle is aligned, cf. F437 |
| F344 | 麗民島 | Limin dao | Isle de la belle nation = Gente Hermosa = Rakahanga?, CK / Swains Islands = Olohega, Tokelau?, US |
| F344 | 孟大納島 | Mengdana dao | Mendaña Island => Marquesas Islands?, PF, twice, cf. F278 |
| F346 | 野島 | Ye dao | La Solitaire = Niulakita, TV |
| F350 | 依撒伯辣 | Yisabola | Isabel [Baretto de Castro] Island = Santa Isabel Island, SB |
| F350 | 撒落滿島 | Saluoman dao | Solomon Islands, SB (F350, F386) |
| F355 | 巴葉撒 | Bayesa | Baeza, Napo, EC |
| F355 | 慢托 | Mantuo | Manta, EC |
| F355 | 撒莫辣 | Samola | Zamora, EC |
| F356 | 孛露囯 | Beilu guo | Peru, PE (F356, F392) |
| F356 | 基熱 | Jire | “Los Quixos” = Quijos, 1st nation, Quito, EC |
| F357 | 雅瑪瑣囯 | Yamasuo guo | Land of the Amazon (basin) |
| F357 | 托露 | Tuolu | Tolu, tree (text cf. F356) |
| F358 | 各母達 | Gemuda | Cametá, Para, BR |
| F358 | 巴辣 | Bala | [Capitania de] Para, BR |
| F358 | 雅瑪瑣門 | Yamasuomen | “Door of the Amazon” = mouth of the Amazon River, BR |
| F358 | 金壙 | Jin kuang | Gold mines |
| F359 | 大步葉新地 | Dabuye xin di | Land of the Tapuyes, 1st nation, BR |
| F359 | 毒彼囊步地 | Dubinangbu di | Land of the Tupinambá, 1st nation, BR |
| F359 | 馬浪蓑 | Malangsuo | Maranhão, BR |
| F360 | 西亞辣 | Xiyala | Ceará, BR |
| F360 | 瑪利幾得斯 | Malijidesi | Maraquites, 1st nation in Pernambuco, BR |
| F360 | 巴賴巴 | Balaiba | Paraíba, BR |
| F360 | 伯尔賽布各 | Boernangbuge | [Capitania de] Pernambuco, BR |
| F360 | 大河 | Da he | Rio Grande |
| F360 | 第瓜肋新 | Digualexin | Tiguares, 1st nation, BR |
| F362 | 丸斯島 | Wansi dao | Martin Vaz Island, BR |
| F363 | 黑肋納島 | Heilena dao | Helena Island => Saint Helena, SH, BOCT |
| F365 | 本決辣 | Benjuela | Benguela, AO |
| F365 | 淡德 | Dande | Dande, Bengo, AO |
| F365 | 聖斐生伯 | Sheng Feishengbo | São Felipe, AO |
| F366 | 補兒路 | Buerlu | Bu’llu > Bulau => Buluwayo, ZW |
| F366 | 乱食 | Luanshi | “Luanché” = “Luanzi”, ZW? / MZ? |
| F366 | 莫訥未大巴囯 | Monaweidaba guo | Mwenemutapa => Kingdom of Mutapa / Mutapa Empire (F366, F402) |
| F366 | 莫訥木大巴 | Monamudaba | Mutapa > Macossa, Makessi in ruins, MZ |
| F366 | 色訥 | Sena | Sena, Sofala, MZ |
| F366 | 得德 | Dede | Tete, MZ |
| F367 | 摩系彼格 | Moxibige | Mozambique, MZ |
| F367 | 蘇法辣 | Sufala | Sofala, MZ |
| F367 | 爪馬河 | Zhuama he | Zuama River => Zambezi River |
| F368 | 岸爽島 | Anshuang dao | Anjouan Island = Nzwani, KM |
| F368 | 可水辣島 | Keshuila dao | Grande Comore, KM |
| F368 | 潘拿楽 | Pannale | Vohémar = Boamare => Iharana, Sava, MG |
| F368 | 可水辣島 | Keshuila dao | Ngazidja, Juzur al-Qumur, KM |
| F368 | 聖老楞佐島 | Sheng Laolengzuo dao | São Lorenço Island = Madagascar, MG |
| F369 | 鉄各島 | Tiege dao | Diego [Rodrigues] Island MU, in the place of Saint Brandon, MU |
| F369 | 貌利爵島 | Maolijue dao | Mauritius Island, MU |
| F374 | 印第亞海 | Yindiya hai | Indian Sea > Indian Ocean |
| F375 | 未得斯岸 | Weidesi an | Wits [G. F. de] Coast > De Witt land, AU |
| F377 | 蝙蝎島 | Bianxie dao | Bats’ Island => Groote Eylandt, AU |
| F377 | 爹門斯岸 | Diemensi an | Diemen’s Coast, Coast of Queensland, AU on the map ≠ TAS |
| F378 | 嘉本大利亞 | Jiabendaliya | Carpentaria, Queensland, AU |
| F380 | 椰子島 | Yezi dao | Coco Island => Tafahi, TO |
| F381 | 昌大島 | Changda dao | Prosperous Island => Graciosa Bay, Nendö, Santa Cruz Islands, SB |
| F381 | 計客島 [recte 計咯島] | Jike dao | => [Jiluo dao] = *Gilo Island => Guillaume Island = [Prins] Willems [van Oranje, 1626–1650] eylanden => Taveuni, FJ |
| F383 | 無淺島 | Wuqian dao | “Bottomless Island” = “Sondergrond Eyland” => Takaroa and Teavaroa, Tuamotus, PF |
| F383 | 聖伯耳納多島 | Sheng Boernaduo dao | I. San Bernardo => Pukapuka Atoll, CK |
| F384 | 大島 | Da dao | Napuka, Iles du désappointement, Tuamotus, PF |
| F385 | 聖伯多祿島 | Sheng Boduolu dao | San Pablo => Tepoto North / Puka-Puka?, Iles du désappointement = Tuamotus, PF |
| F386 | 掛大了加納 | Guadalejiana | Guadalcanal, SB |
| F388 | 聖保祿島 | Sheng Baolu dao | San Pablo => Hereheretue / Anaa Island?, Tuamotus, PF |
| F392 | 閣老湖 | Gelao hu | Colla Lake = Lake Titicaca, PE |
| F392 | 右斯各 [recte 古斯各] | Yousige | => [Gusige] = Cusco, PE |
| F392 | 亞利加島 | Yalijiao dao | Isla del Alacran, Arica, CL |
| F392 | 利馬 | Lima | Lima, PE |
| F392 | 青谷 | Qing gu | Valverde, PE |
| F393 | 沙各地 | Shage di | Land of the Charcas, 1st nation, BO |
| F393 | 銀城 | Yincheng | Argentine => La Plata, PE => Sucre, BO |
| F394 | 銀河囯 | Yinhe guo | Kingdom Río de la Plata |
| F394 | 沙來葉斯湖 | Shalaiyesi hu | Lago de los Xarayes => Lake Parime / phantom lake? |
| F394 | 巴辣怪西地 | Balaguai xi di | Land of West Paraguay, PY |
| F395 | 伯西兒囯 | Boxier guo | Brazil, BR |
| F396 | 外母肋斯 | Waimulesi | Waymores > Aymoré = Aimoré, 1st nation, BR |
| F396 | 淡水河 | Danshui he | Rio Doce = Doce River, BR |
| F396 | 諸聖島 | Zhusheng dao | Ilha Todos os Santos, BR |
| F396 | 買布齊 | Maibuqi | Maribuces, 1st nation in Minas Gerais, BR |
| F396 | 巴肋日伯 | Baleribo | Paraíba (Capitania), BR |
| F396 | 聖安當岸 | Sheng Andang an | Porto Seguro, BR |
| F396 | 聖十字 | Sheng shizi | Santa Cruz, Cabrália, BR |
| F396 | 多彼納屈 | Duopinaqu | Topinaques, 1st nation, in Espírito Santo, BR |
| F396 | 外母肋斯 | Waimulesi | Waymores > Aymoré = Aimoré, 1st nation, BR |
| F397 | 升天島 | Shengtian dao | Ascension Island, SH-AC |
| F397 | 聖王島 | Sheng Wang dao | Isla San Rey = Ilha da Trinidade = Trinity Island, BR |
| F401 | 拿馬瓜 | Namagua | Namaqualand, NA–ZA |
| F402 | 加弗利亞 | Jiafuliya | Cafria => Cafreria |
| F402 | 星恟度 | Xingxiongdu | Zimbaoé, Quiteve Kingdom? |
| F403 | 芒潘 | Mangpan | Mambone, Sabia Kingdom, MZ |
| F404 | 安波辣 | Anbola | Amboule (valley), Anosy, MG |
| F404 | 聖若望島 | Sheng Ruowang dao | “San Juan Islands” => “Isles d Alonso d’Arellanos”? / cf. Diego [Rodrigues] Island?, MU / phantom island? / Crozet Islands?, TF |
| F405 | 布尔彭島 | Buerpeng dao | Bourbon Island = La Réunion, RE |
| F413 | 新阿蘭地亞 | Xin Alandiya | New Hollandia |
| F417 | 黑女島 | Heinü dao | Ile de Negrettes = Black Women Island => Ata, TO |
| F417 | 禄得而當島 | Ludeerdang dao | Rotterdam Island => Nomuka, TO |
| F427 | 聖勾理斯島 [recte 聖飞理斯島] | Sheng Goulisi dao | => [Sheng Feilisi dao] => San Félix, Islas Desventuradas, Valparaiso, CL |
| F428 | 哇斯可岸 | Wasike an | Puerto Guasco > Huasco, CL |
| F429 | 銀河 | Yin he | Rio Plata => Pilcomayo River |
| F429 | 決多西 [recte 波多西] | Jueduoxi | => [Boduoxi] => Potosi, BO |
| F429 | 銀河 | Yin he | Rio de la Plata => Pilcomayo River |
| F430 | 升天 | Shengtian | Asunción, PY |
| F430 | 佳畧斯 | Jialüesi | Corrientes, AR |
| F430 | 巴辣納地 | Balana di | Land of Paraná, BR |
| F430 | 銀河地 | Yinhe di | Land of Rio de La Plata [basin] |
| F430 | 紅河 | Hong he | Rio Salado = Salado River, AR |
| F430 | 穌路古西 | Suluguxi | Surucusis people, [s. U. Schmidl (1510–1580)] => Ayoré du Chaco, = Ayoreo, 1st nation, BO and PY |
| F431 | 加納額亞 | Jia’naeya | Cananéia, São Paulo, BR |
| F431 | 花臘聶斯 | Hualaniesi | Guaraní, 1st nation |
| F431 | 波兒納瓜 | Boernagua | Paranaguá, Paran, BR |
| F431 | 巴辣納河 | Balana he | Rio Paraná |
| F431 | 聖未增德岸 | Sheng Weizengde an | São Vicente => São Paulo, BR |
| F431 | 巴多地 | Baduo di | Tierra dos patos, BR |
| F431 | 吳辣恪地 | Wulage di | Uruguay, UY |
| F432 | 聖多黙峯 | Sheng Duomo feng | Farol de São Thomé, BR |
| F432 | 聖神岸 | Shengshen an | Porto San Spírito, Espírito Santo, BR |
| F432 | 亞乃羅 | Yanailuo | Rio de Janeiro, BR |
| F432 | 聖多黙峯 | Sheng Duomo feng | São Domo (Cabo), BR |
| F435 | 撒弥島 | Sami dao | Scattered Islands, TF |
| F435 | 亞故納島 | Ya Guna dao | [Tristan d]a Cunha Isla, SH-TA |
| F437 | 羅經正 | Luojing zheng | Compass needle is aligned, cf. F342 |
| F437 | 騾賓島 | Lubin dao | Robben eiland (in Dutch) = Bonae spei Ins. [i.e., prison island!] => Robben Island, ZA |
| F438 | 大浪山 | Dalang shan | Freak Waves Mountain |
| F443 | 聖保綠島 | Sheng Baolü dao | Ile Saint-Paul = Saint Paul Island, TAAF |
| F446 | 獅子峯 | Shizi feng | Cape Leeuwin = Landt van de Leuwin, AU (1622) |
| F453 | 三王島 | Sanwang dao | Three (Wise) Kings Islands: Manawatāwhi, Cape Reinga, NZ |
| F464 | 嬰化得府 | Yinghuade fu | Concepción, Bío-Bío, CL |
| F464 | 各今薄 | Gejinbo | Coquimbo, CL |
| F464 | 佛尔南德島 | Fuernande dao | Fernandez Island, CL |
| F464 | 聖雅各伯 | Sheng Yagebo | Santiago de Chile, CL |
| F465 | 智利國 | Zhili guo | Chile, CL |
| F465 | 書姑意多地 | Shuguyiduo di | Chucuito, 1st nation, CL |
| F465 | 各耳多巴 | Geerduba | Cordoba, AR |
| F465 | 儒利葉斯地 | Ruliyesi di | Iuries, 1st nation, in La Pampa, AR |
| F465 | 書姑意多地 | Shuguyiduo di | Land of the Chucuito, 1st nation, CL |
| F465 | 都固蠻地 | Duguman di | Land of the Tucumán, 1st nation, CL |
| F465 | 門多撒 | Menduosa | Mendoza, AR |
| F465 | 聖若望 | Sheng Ruowang | San Juan, AR |
| F465 | 都固蠻地 | Duguman di | Tucumán, 1st nation, CL |
| F466 | 良氣 | Liangqi | Buenos Aires, AR |
| F466 | 多沙湾 | Duosha wan | Cabo de (las) Arenas, AR |
| F466 | 聖安德肋峯 | Sheng Andele feng | Cabo San Antonio, AR |
| F466 | 趙路亞斯 | Zhaoluyasi | Charrúa, 1st nation, UY |
| F466 | 機籣鉄斯地 | Jilantiesi di | Querandí = Quirandies => Land of the Hets, 1st nation, AR |
| F466 | 黑河 | Hei he | Rio Negro, UY |
| F466 | 銀河 | Yin he | Rio de la Plata = River Plate |
| F466 | 聖信 | Sheng xin | Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz, AR |
| F467 | 聖伯都祿峰 | Sheng Bodulu feng | Cabo São Paulo, BR |
| F469 | 鹦(哥+鳥)地 | Yingge di | Parrot’s Land / Penguin’s Land? = AU? (F469, F505) |
| F474 | 第納島 | Dina dao | I. de Dyna => Prince Edward Islands, ZA |
| F489 | 新瑟蘭第亞 | Xin Selandiya | New Zealand |
| F489 | 大斯莽湾 | Dasiman wan | Tasman Bay => Golden Bay, NZ |
| F499 | 紅岸 | Hong an | Red Coast => Gulf of Penas? / Golfo de Corcovado? |
| F500 | 金壙 | Jin kuang | Gold mines |
| F500 | 治樂谷島 | Zhilegu dao | Isla Grande de Chiloé, CL |
| F500 | 瑪熱辣泥加囯 | Marela’nijia guo | Magellanica |
| F500 | 安固德地 | Angude di | Land of Ancud, CL |
| F500 | 巴大我農地 | Badawonong di | Land of Patagonia > Patagonia |
| F535 | 特辣計島 | Telaji dao | Drake Island = Port de Frank Drak = Elizabeth Island (Cape Horn) |
| F537 | 撒倖岸 | Saxing an | Cabo Buen Suceso |
| F537 | 肋買耳峽 | Lemaier xia | Le Maire Strait |
| F537 | 瑪熱郎鉄 [recte 瑪熱郎峽] | Marelang tie | => [Marelang xia] > Strait of Magellan |
| F537 | 火地 | Huo di | Fireland = Land of Fire = Tierra del Fuego, CL |
| F621 | 南極 | Nanji | South Pole, Eastern Hemisphere (F621, F622) |
| F639 | 南極 | Nan ji | South Pole, Western Hemisphere (F639, F640) |
Supplementary Material
The online version of this article offers a second Index of the places in Pinyin followed by Chinese characters (Index II) (https://doi.org/10.1515/asia-2019-0061).
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
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- The recently found Map of the World (Kunyutu 坤輿圖): a philological survey
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Artikel – Articles
- Framing the Qin collapse: redaction and authorship of the Shiji 史記
- The recently found Map of the World (Kunyutu 坤輿圖): a philological survey
- Kūn’s ‘body’: the many appearances and meanings of the pure even-numbered trigram in the early Yìjīng and related texts
- Volitive Modalverben im Deutschen und im modernen Chinesisch
- Contributions aux 9èmes journées de la relève de la Société Suisse-Asie à Genève, 31 mai–1 juin 2021 – Beiträge zur 9. Nachwuchstagung der Schweizerischen Asiengesellschaft, Genf, 31. Mai–1. Juni 2021
- Naufragés japonais et leur rôle dans les relations nippo-occidentales: Défis d’une étude globale
- A blending of Buddhism, social engagement, and alternative agriculture from Thailand: the Maap Euang Meditation Center for Sufficiency Economy
- Les politiques d’assistance envers les vétérans infirmes au Japon durant le 20ème siècle
- Chinese literature and “New Methods of Midwifery” during the 1950s
- Buchbesprechungen – Comptes rendus – Book Reviews
- Gruendler, Beatrice: The Rise of the Arabic Book
