Social Dilemmas and Solutions in Immunizations
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Ulrich Mueller
Abstract
Many vaccinations against infectious agents show externalities.Whethermy family members, neighbors, and children’s classmates are vaccinated or not may influence my own chances of infection and therefore my behavior. While formal game theory modeling is considered hopeless by most authors for various reasons (especially due the large degree of freedom any realistic model would need to have), social dilemma theorymay be used as general theoretical framework in forming legislative or forensic arguments about any obligation to get vaccinated when the process is about weighing the public good (the health interests of unspecified others) against the privacy of the individual.
Abstract
Many vaccinations against infectious agents show externalities.Whethermy family members, neighbors, and children’s classmates are vaccinated or not may influence my own chances of infection and therefore my behavior. While formal game theory modeling is considered hopeless by most authors for various reasons (especially due the large degree of freedom any realistic model would need to have), social dilemma theorymay be used as general theoretical framework in forming legislative or forensic arguments about any obligation to get vaccinated when the process is about weighing the public good (the health interests of unspecified others) against the privacy of the individual.
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Preface VII
- Contents IX
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Part I: Foundations
- Introduction 3
- Micro-Macro Models in Sociology: Antecedents of Coleman’s Diagram 11
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Part II: Institutions
- The Kula Ring of Bronislaw Malinowski: Simulating the Co-Evolution of an Economic and Ceremonial Exchange System 39
- From the Savannah to the Magistrate’s Court 61
- The Dependence of Human Cognitive and Motivational Processes on Institutional Systems 85
- Social Dilemmas and Solutions in Immunizations 107
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Part III: Social Norms
- When Do People Follow Norms and When Do They Pursue Their Interests? 119
- Personal Exposure to Unfavorable Environmental Conditions: Does it Stimulate Environmental Activism? 143
- Cooperation and Career Chances in Science 165
- Social Dilemmas in Science: Detecting Misconduct and Finding Institutional Solutions 189
- The Interplay of Social Status and Reciprocity 215
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Part IV: Peer-Sanctioning
- Types of Normative Conflicts and the Effectiveness of Punishment 239
- Social Status and Peer-Punishment: Findings from Two Road Traffic Field Experiments 259
- The Double Edge of Counter-Sanctions. Is Peer Sanctioning Robust to Counter-Punishment but Vulnerable to Counter-Reward? 279
- Diffusion of Responsibility in Norm Enforcement 303
- Endogenous Peer Punishment Institutions in Prisoner’s Dilemmas: The Role of Noise 327
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Part V: Trust and Trustworthiness
- Cooperation and Distrust – a Contradiction? 357
- Signaling Theory Evolving: Signals and Signs of Trustworthiness in Social Exchange 373
- Trust and Promises as Friendly Advances 393
- Online Reputation in eBay Auctions: Damaging and Rebuilding Trustworthiness Through Feedback Comments from Buyers and Sellers 421
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Part VI: Game Theory
- Nash Dynamics, Meritocratic Matching, and Cooperation 447
- A Note on the Strategic Determination of the Required Number of Volunteers 471
- Is No News Bad News? A Hostage Trust Game with Incomplete Information and Fairness Considerations of the Trustee 481
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Part VII: Experimental Methods
- When Prediction Fails 505
- Measuring Social Preferences on Amazon Mechanical Turk 527
- Repetition Effects in Laboratory Experiments 547
- Notes on the Editors and Contributors 567
Chapters in this book
- Frontmatter I
- Preface VII
- Contents IX
-
Part I: Foundations
- Introduction 3
- Micro-Macro Models in Sociology: Antecedents of Coleman’s Diagram 11
-
Part II: Institutions
- The Kula Ring of Bronislaw Malinowski: Simulating the Co-Evolution of an Economic and Ceremonial Exchange System 39
- From the Savannah to the Magistrate’s Court 61
- The Dependence of Human Cognitive and Motivational Processes on Institutional Systems 85
- Social Dilemmas and Solutions in Immunizations 107
-
Part III: Social Norms
- When Do People Follow Norms and When Do They Pursue Their Interests? 119
- Personal Exposure to Unfavorable Environmental Conditions: Does it Stimulate Environmental Activism? 143
- Cooperation and Career Chances in Science 165
- Social Dilemmas in Science: Detecting Misconduct and Finding Institutional Solutions 189
- The Interplay of Social Status and Reciprocity 215
-
Part IV: Peer-Sanctioning
- Types of Normative Conflicts and the Effectiveness of Punishment 239
- Social Status and Peer-Punishment: Findings from Two Road Traffic Field Experiments 259
- The Double Edge of Counter-Sanctions. Is Peer Sanctioning Robust to Counter-Punishment but Vulnerable to Counter-Reward? 279
- Diffusion of Responsibility in Norm Enforcement 303
- Endogenous Peer Punishment Institutions in Prisoner’s Dilemmas: The Role of Noise 327
-
Part V: Trust and Trustworthiness
- Cooperation and Distrust – a Contradiction? 357
- Signaling Theory Evolving: Signals and Signs of Trustworthiness in Social Exchange 373
- Trust and Promises as Friendly Advances 393
- Online Reputation in eBay Auctions: Damaging and Rebuilding Trustworthiness Through Feedback Comments from Buyers and Sellers 421
-
Part VI: Game Theory
- Nash Dynamics, Meritocratic Matching, and Cooperation 447
- A Note on the Strategic Determination of the Required Number of Volunteers 471
- Is No News Bad News? A Hostage Trust Game with Incomplete Information and Fairness Considerations of the Trustee 481
-
Part VII: Experimental Methods
- When Prediction Fails 505
- Measuring Social Preferences on Amazon Mechanical Turk 527
- Repetition Effects in Laboratory Experiments 547
- Notes on the Editors and Contributors 567