Synthesis of Rice Bran Fatty Acids (RBFAs) Based Cationic Surfactants and Evaluation of Their Performance Properties in Combination with Nonionic Surfactant
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Gunjan
Abstract
Cationic surfactants are mainly used for fabric softening in laundry applications. Esterquats are one class of cationic surfactants and are superseding other existing cationic surfactants on account of their excellent biodegradability. However, indigenous and cost-effective production of esterquats poses new challenges for the researchers. The availability of rice bran fatty acids and its price structure in Indian scenario makes this fatty feedstock quite lucrative for cost-effective synthesis of cationic surfactants. In the present study, esterquats based on rice bran fatty acids (RBFAs) were synthesized by using different alkanolamines i. e. diethanolamine (DEA) and triethanolamine (TEA) and dimethyl sulphate (DMS) for obtaining cationic surfactants which was used as active softener ingredient. For this purpose, esterquats have been synthesized by esterification of RBFAs and alkanolamines to recover diesters followed by the subsequent quaternization of diesters by DMS. It was found that the optimum reaction conditions for esterification of RBFAs and DEA was 140 °C and 3 h of duration. However, for RBFAs and TEA, it was found to be 140 °C and 4 h of duration. The chemical structures of diesters and esterquats were confirmed by FT-IR and NMR spectra. Studies of surface active and performance properties of these surfactants showed that esterquats based on TEA had better surface active and performance properties as compared to DEA based esterquats. The synthesized cationic surfactants when mixed with nonionic surfactant showed better performance properties as compared to the nonionic surfactant alone.
Kurzfassung
Kationische Tenside werden hauptsächlich als Weichspüler bei der Wäsche von Textilien verwendet. Die Esterquats haben die anderen kationischen Tenside aufgrund ihrer hervorragenden biologischen Abbaubarkeit in diesem Bereich abgelöst. Jedoch eine bodenständige und kosteneffektive Produktion der Esterquats stellen für die Forscher neue Herausforderungen dar. Die Verfügbarkeit von Fettsäuren aus Reiskleie und der Preis der Reiskleie in Indien macht dieses Fettausgangsmaterial sehr lukrativ für die kostengünstige Synthese von kationischen Tensiden. In dieser Untersuchung wurden Esterquats auf Basis von Fettsäuren aus Reiskleie (RBFAs) synthetisiert. Hierzu wurden verschiedene Alkanolamine (Diethanolamin, DEA und Triethanolamin TEA) und Dimethylsulfat (DMS) eingesetzt, um für Weichspüler geeignete kationische Tenside zu erhalten. Die Esterquats wurden mittels Veresterung der RBFAs mit Alkanolaminen und nachfolgender Quaternisierung der so erhaltenen Diester mit DMS erzeugt. Die optimale Reaktionsdauer für die Veresterung der RBFAs und DEA betrug 3 Stunden bei 140 °C. Für die Veresterung der RBFAs mit TEA betrug die optimale Dauer 4 Stunden bei 140 °C. Die chemischen Strukturen der Diester und Esterquats wurden mittels FT-IR- und NMR-Spektren gesichert. Untersuchungen der Oberflächenaktivität und der Leistungseigenschaften dieser Tenside zeigten, dass die auf TEA basierten Esterquats im Vergleich zu den auf DEA basierten Esterquats bessere Resultate hatten. In der Mischung mit nichtionischen Tensiden lieferten die synthetisierten kationischen Tenside eine bessere Leistung als die reinen nichtionischen Tenside.
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© 2014, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Application
- Rapid Assessment of Glass Etching/Corrosion using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring, QCM-D
- Micelle Based Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Chloroquine Phosphate in Commercial Formulation and Human Plasma
- Novel Surfactants
- Synthesis of Rice Bran Fatty Acids (RBFAs) Based Cationic Surfactants and Evaluation of Their Performance Properties in Combination with Nonionic Surfactant
- Synthesis and Properties of Guerbet Hexadecyl Sulfate
- Synthesis and Characterization of N-alkyl-N′-glucosylhexanediamine Surfactant
- Mizellar Catalysis
- Methanesulfonic Acid as a More Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Lauraldehyde Glycerol Acetal
- Surfactant Assisted Enhancement of Bioremediation Rate for Hexavalent Chromium by Water Extract of Siris (Albizia lebbeck) Sawdust
- Physical Chemistry
- Synergistic Interactions in Mixed W/O Microemulsions of Cationic Gemini and Anionic Surfactants
- Percolative Behavior Models Based on Artificial Neural Networks for Electrical Percolation of AOT Microemulsions in the Presence of Crown Ethers as Additives
- Junction Characteristics System Based on Composite Organic Semiconductors: Polystyrene/Polyaniline Doped by [BMIM] [BF4] Ionic Liquid
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Contents/Inhalt
- Contents
- Application
- Rapid Assessment of Glass Etching/Corrosion using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring, QCM-D
- Micelle Based Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Chloroquine Phosphate in Commercial Formulation and Human Plasma
- Novel Surfactants
- Synthesis of Rice Bran Fatty Acids (RBFAs) Based Cationic Surfactants and Evaluation of Their Performance Properties in Combination with Nonionic Surfactant
- Synthesis and Properties of Guerbet Hexadecyl Sulfate
- Synthesis and Characterization of N-alkyl-N′-glucosylhexanediamine Surfactant
- Mizellar Catalysis
- Methanesulfonic Acid as a More Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Lauraldehyde Glycerol Acetal
- Surfactant Assisted Enhancement of Bioremediation Rate for Hexavalent Chromium by Water Extract of Siris (Albizia lebbeck) Sawdust
- Physical Chemistry
- Synergistic Interactions in Mixed W/O Microemulsions of Cationic Gemini and Anionic Surfactants
- Percolative Behavior Models Based on Artificial Neural Networks for Electrical Percolation of AOT Microemulsions in the Presence of Crown Ethers as Additives
- Junction Characteristics System Based on Composite Organic Semiconductors: Polystyrene/Polyaniline Doped by [BMIM] [BF4] Ionic Liquid
