Summary
Empirical research, especially on sensitive topics such as corruption, has always been a challenge – and not only in Russia. Since February 24, 2022, research on corruption has become almost impossible; after three decades of courage and innovation, the topic is now on hold. Anti-corruption research is becoming “undesirable”, along with many of the organizations that are involved in such research, such as Transparency International. This paper, which was written before the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, addresses the challenges of the current corruption paradigm. Using informality as an alternative approach, it focuses on two key areas of post-Soviet life where corruption is often endemic and where anti-corruption practices can best be studied: business and higher education. Russia’s history teaches us that it can be difficult to make accurate predictions, but the country remains an important subject for future research.
Anmerkung
Der Aufsatz basiert auf einem Vortrag, gehalten im Linguistikzirkel am Institut für slawische Sprachen, WU Wien, am 09.11.2021. Ich danke den Organisatorinnen sowie den Teilnehmenden für die rege Diskussion.
Literaturverzeichnis
Azbuka Antikoruptsionera. 2015. URL: http://azbuka.transparency.org.ru/, (letzter Zugriff: 22.10.2020) Suche in Google Scholar
Barsukova, Svetlana. 2021. Lekcii po neformal’noj ėkonomike: kratko, ponjato, nagljadno. Moskva: Izdatel’skij dom NIU BŠĖ. Suche in Google Scholar
Barsukova, Svetlana & Elena Denisova-Schmidt. 2020. „Političeskie investicii“ biznesa v Rossii, ili počemu biznes financiruet izbiratel’nye kampanii, Polis. Političeskie issledovanija, 3. 110–125.Suche in Google Scholar
Barsukova, Svetlana & Elena Denisova-Schmidt. 2022. Double standards as modus operandi: mixing business and politics in Russia. Europe-Asia Studies, 74(6). 990–1005. 10.1080/09668136.2021.1913100Suche in Google Scholar
Barsukova, Svetlana & Elena Denisova-Schmidt. 2023. “Lots of Money, Few Restrictions and a lot of Creativity”: The Changing Role of Political Strategists in Russia. Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 31(4). 435–459.Suche in Google Scholar
Barsukova, Svetlana & Denisova-Schmidt, Elena & Alena Ledeneva. 2018. Informalität oder Korruption Kritik der quantitativen Korruptionsforschung, Osteuropa, (8/9). 25–40.Suche in Google Scholar
Bogatyrev, Sergei. 2018. Kormlenie, In: Ledeneva, Alena (Hrsg.), The Global Encyclopaedia of Informality, Volume 2: Understanding Social and Cultural Complexity, 350–354. London: UCL Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Buchenau, Klaus. 2011. Organisierte Kriminalität als historisches Forschungsfeld: Überlegungen zu Ost- und Südosteuropa, Südosteuropa 59, H. 2. 238–266.10.1515/soeu-2011-590205Suche in Google Scholar
Buchenau, Klaus. 2013. Korruption im ersten Jugoslawien (1918–1941). Eine Skizze zu Diskurs und Praxis, Südost-Forschungen 72. 98–132.Suche in Google Scholar
Buchenau, Klaus. 2015. Der dritte Weg ins Zwielicht? Korruption in Tito-Jugoslawien. Südosteuropäische Hefte 4, H. 1. 23–45.Suche in Google Scholar
Chapman, David W. & Lindner, Samira. 2016. Degrees of integrity: the threat of corruption in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 41(2), 247–268. 10.1080/03075079.2014.927854Suche in Google Scholar
Cohn, Alain & Fehr, Ernst & Michel André Maréchal. 2014. Business culture and dishonesty in the banking Industry, Nature 516, 86–89.10.1038/nature13977Suche in Google Scholar
Coleman, James. 1988. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94. 95–120.10.1086/228943Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena. 2011. Geschäftspartner Russland. Erfahrungen mit einem europäischen Land der besonderen Art, In: Tanner, Anne-Cathrine & Siebeneck, Claudia & Beat Brändli (Hrsg.), Schweiz und Europa – Auswirkungen auf Wirtschaft, Recht und Gesellschaft. 6. Band der Schriftenreihe der Assistierenden der Universität St. Gallen (HSG), 165–172. Bern: Stämpfli Verlag.Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena. 2014. Institutional Performance and Social Values in Russia. Brussels: ANTICORRP.Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena. 2015. Russlanddeutsche. Geschichte und Gegenwart. Zeitzeugen erzählen über Heimat, Migration und Engagement. Stuttgart: Ibidem Verlag.Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena. 2016. Academic Dishonesty or Corrupt Values: the Case of Russia, In: Torsello, Davide (Hrsg.), Corruption in Public Administration: An Ethnographic Approach, 105–137. Cheltenham (Northampton): Edward Elgar.10.4337/9781785362590.00012Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena. 2022. Der Instrumentenkasten russischer Polittechnologen, Scheinwerfer – Das Magazin gegen Korruption, 95. 8.Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena. 2023. Diversity and Inclusion in the European Boardroom, In: Hofer-Bonfim, Bernadette & Zehetgruber, Magdalena & Peters, Elisabeth & Johannes Schnitzer (Hrsg.), Diversity and Inclusion across languages. Insights into communicative challenges from theory and practice, 189–204. Berlin: Frank&Timme.Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena. 2024. Breaking the Bonds of Corruption. From Academic Dishonesty to Informal Business Practices in Post-Soviet Ukraine. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press. Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena & Huber, Martin & Elvira Leontyeva. 2016. On the Development of Students Attitudes towards Corruption and Cheating in Russian Universities. European Journal of Higher Education, 6(2). 128–143.10.1080/21568235.2016.1154477Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena & Huber, Martin & Yaroslav Prytula. 2015. An experimental evaluation of an anti-corruption intervention among Ukrainian university students. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 56(6), 713–734.10.1080/15387216.2016.1155467Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena & Huber, Martin & Yaroslav Prytula. 2019. The effects of anti-corruption videos on attitudes toward corruption in a Ukrainian online survey, Eurasian Geography and Economics, 60(3). 304–332.10.1080/15387216.2019.1667844Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena & Huber, Martin & Yaroslav Prytula. 2022. Perceived anonymity and cheating in an online experiment, Eastern European Economics, 60(6). 540–558.10.1080/00128775.2022.2114913Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena & Huber, Martin & Leontyeva, Elvira & Alena Solovyeva. 2021. Combining experimental evidence with machine learning to assess anti-corruption educational campaigns among Russian university students, Empirical Economics, 60. 1661–1684.10.1007/s00181-020-01827-1Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena & Olena Kryzhko. 2018. Weiterbildung zum Umgang mit Korruption in Russland, In: Wolf, Sebastian & Peter Graeff (Hrsg.), Korruptionsbekämpfung vermitteln, 269–288. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.10.1007/978-3-658-19016-3_15Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena & Nicolas-Kryzhko, Lena. 2018. Teaching a course on corruption and informality in Russia: An international experience. Mir Rossii, 27(4). 129–140. 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-4-129-140Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena & Ėlvira Leont’eva. 2022. Korrupcija na Dal’nem Vostoke: kompromiss meždu narodom i vlast’ju. Moscow: Common Place.Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena & Markovina, Irina & Lena Nicolas-Kryzhko. 2020. The lacuna model – an innovative tool for analyzing cross-cultural differences, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 20(3). 329–343.10.1177/1470595820973448Suche in Google Scholar
Denisova-Schmidt, Elena & Alena Solovyeva. 2022. On subregional differences in attitudes towards petty corruption in Far East Russia, Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 30(2). 187–210.Suche in Google Scholar
Fukuyama, Francis. 1995. Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: The Free Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Giordano, Christian & Nicolas Hayoz (Hrsg.). 2013. Informality in Eastern Europe: Structures, Political Cultures and Social Practices. Bern: Peter Lang.10.3726/978-3-0351-0651-0Suche in Google Scholar
Global Informality Project (Hrsg.). 2021. Syllabi [Ressourcen zu Lehren von Informalität], URL: https://www.in-formality.com/wiki/index.php?title=Syllabi_(new), (letzter Zugriff: 01.05.2024). Suche in Google Scholar
Gudykunst, William. 1983. Uncertainty Reduction and Predictability of Behavior in Low- and High-Context Cultures: An Exploratory Study, Communication Quarterly, 31(1). 49–55.10.1080/01463378309369485Suche in Google Scholar
Hansen, Björn & Maja-Aleksandra Lisov. 2015. Die historische Semantik von KORRUPTION im ersten Jugoslawien – eine Pilotstudie zur Begriffsgeschichte, Zeitschrift für Balkanologie, 51(2). 196.Suche in Google Scholar
Helmke, Gretchen & Steven Levitsky. 2004. Informal Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agenda, Perspectives on Politics, 2(4). 725–740.10.1017/S1537592704040472Suche in Google Scholar
Henig, David & Nicolette Makovicky. 2017. Economies of Favours After Socialism: A Comparative Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199687411.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Hornik, Robert & Jacobsohn, Lela & Orwin, Robert & Piesse, Andrea & Graham Kalton. 2008. Effects of the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign on Youths, American Journal of Public Health, 98. 2229–2236.10.2105/AJPH.2007.125849Suche in Google Scholar
King, Marissa & Essick, Connor & Bearman, Peter & Joseph Ross. 2013. Medical School Gift Restriction Policies and Physician Prescribing of Newly Marketed Psychotropic Medications: Difference-in-Differences Analysis, BMJ, 346. 1–9. 10.1136/bmj.f264Suche in Google Scholar
Kroeze, Ronald & Vitória, Andre & Guy Geltner (Hrsg.). 2018. Anti-Corruption in History: From Antiquity to the Modern Era. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Ledeneva, Alena. 1998. Russia’s Economy of Favors: Blat, Networking and Informal Exchange. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Ledeneva, Alena. 2009. Corruption in Postcommunist Societies: A Re-examination, Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 10. 69–86. 10.1080/15705850802700017Suche in Google Scholar
Ledeneva, Alena. 2013. A Critique of the Global Corruption Paradigm, In: Kubik, Jan & Amy Linch (Hrsg.), Post-communism from Within: Social Justice, Mobilization and Hegemony, 297–332. New York: NYU Press.10.18574/nyu/9780814724262.003.0008Suche in Google Scholar
Ledeneva, Alena. 2018. What is informality? Global Informality Project. URL: https://www.in-formality.com/wiki/index.php?title=What_is_informality%3F, (letzter Zugriff: 01.05.2024). Suche in Google Scholar
Ledeneva, Alena & Bailey, Anna & Barron, Sheelagh & Curro, Costanza & Elisabeth Teague (Hrsg.). 2018. The Global Encyclopaedia of Informality. Volume I and Volume II. London: UCL. 10.2307/j.ctt20krxh9Suche in Google Scholar
Ledeneva, Alena & Bratu, Roxana & Philipp Köker. 2017. Corruption Studies for the Twenty-First Century: Paradigm Shifts and Innovative Approaches, Slavonic and East European Review, 95(1). 1–20. 10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.95.1.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Morris, Jeremy & Abel Polese. 2015. Informal Economies in Post-Socialist Spaces: Practices, Institutions and Networks. London: Routledge. doi:10.1057/9781137483072.10.1057/9781137483072Suche in Google Scholar
Noonan, John T. Jr. 1984. Bribes. Berkeley: University of California Press.Suche in Google Scholar
Nützenadel, Alexander. 2012. Korruption aus historischer Perspektive, In: Graeff, Peter & Jürgen Grieger (Hrsg.), Was ist Korruption? Begriffe, Grundlagen, und Perspektiven gesellschaftswissenschaftlicher Korruptionsforschung, 79–92. Baden-Baden: Nomos.10.5771/9783845238678-79Suche in Google Scholar
Polese, Abel. 2023. What is informality? (mapping) “the art of bypassing the state” in Eurasian spaces – and beyond, Eurasian Geography and Economics, 64(3). 322–364.10.1080/15387216.2021.1992791Suche in Google Scholar
Putin, Wladimir. 2016. Zasedanie Soveta po protivodeistbiju korruptsii. URL: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/51207, (letzter Zugriff: 01.05.2024). Suche in Google Scholar
Ryasentseva, Ekaterina & Veronika Zagieva. 2021. Russia: Powerful Moderation, In: Shekshnia, Stanislav & Veronika Zagieva (Hrsg.), Leading a Board, 365–391. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1007/978-981-16-0727-1_15Suche in Google Scholar
Schattenberg, Susanne. 2008. Die korrupte Provinz? Russische Beamte im 19. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag.Suche in Google Scholar
Scott, James. 1969. The Analysis of Corruption in Developing Nations, Comparative Studies in Societies and History, 3. 315–341.10.1017/S0010417500005363Suche in Google Scholar
Shekshnia, Stanislav & Ledeneva, Alena & Elena Denisova-Schmidt. 2017. Managing Business Corruption: Targeting Non-Compliant Practices in Systematically Corrupt Environments, Slavonic and East European Review, 95(1). 151–174.10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.95.1.0151Suche in Google Scholar
Shekshnia, Stanislav & Veronika Zagieva (Hrsg.). 2019. Leading a board. Chairs’ practices across Europe. London: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1007/978-981-13-3197-8Suche in Google Scholar
Shekshnia, Stanislav & Veronika Zagieva (Hrsg.). 2021. Leading a board. Chairs’ practices across Europe, updated and expanded edition. London: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1007/978-981-16-0727-1Suche in Google Scholar
Solovyeva, Anna. 2020. Student Attitudes and Experience with Academic Corruption in the Khabarovsk Region of Russia, In: Denisova-Schmidt, Elena (Hrsg.), Corruption in Higher Education: Global Challenges and Responses, 15–19. Leiden: Brill.10.1163/9789004433885_002Suche in Google Scholar
Tanzi, Vito. 1998. Corruption Around the World, IMF Staff Papers, 45. 559–594.10.2307/3867585Suche in Google Scholar
Williamson, John. 1990. What Washington Means by Policy Reform, In: Williamson, John (Hrsg.), Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened?, 7–40. Washington (D.C.): Institute for International Economics.Suche in Google Scholar
Wolf, Sebastian & Peter Graeff (Hrsg.). 2018. Korruptionsbekämpfung vermitteln. Didaktische, ethische und inhaltliche Aspekte in Lehre, Unterricht und Weiterbildung. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.Suche in Google Scholar
Wright, Paul & Randall, Ashley & Analisa Arroyo. 2012. Father-Daughter Communication about Sex Moderates the Association Between Exposure to MTV’s 16 and Pregnant/Teen Mom and Female Students’ Pregnancy-Risk Behavior, Sexuality & Culture: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, 17(1). 50–66. 10.1007/s12119-012-9137-2Suche in Google Scholar
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Frontmatter
- Der magisch-realistische Erinnerungsraum der „Wiedergewonnenen Gebiete“ in der Prosa von Maria Sidorska-Ryczkowska
- Marie Pujmanovás Novelle Die Patientin von Doktor Hegel (1931) als Beitrag zur Geschlechterdebatte der Zwischenkriegszeit
- Ein Rückblick auf die Korruption in Russland
- On the patterning of sound imitation by onomatopoeia in Slovak
- A Study of Russian-Belarusian Border Dialects: The Use of the Genitive Case Ending -u in the Khislavichi Dialect
- Scalar markers between aspect and modality: The case of Lithuanian be-
- Debatte / Debate
- Soll man russische Kultur studieren und wenn ja welche?
- Nachruf / Obituary
- In memoriam Horst-Jürgen Gerigk (1937–2024)
- Buchbesprechungen / Book Reviews
- Der Slawische Frühling. Ein historischer Roman
- Tempussysteme in slavischen Sprachen
- Der tschechische Himmel
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Frontmatter
- Der magisch-realistische Erinnerungsraum der „Wiedergewonnenen Gebiete“ in der Prosa von Maria Sidorska-Ryczkowska
- Marie Pujmanovás Novelle Die Patientin von Doktor Hegel (1931) als Beitrag zur Geschlechterdebatte der Zwischenkriegszeit
- Ein Rückblick auf die Korruption in Russland
- On the patterning of sound imitation by onomatopoeia in Slovak
- A Study of Russian-Belarusian Border Dialects: The Use of the Genitive Case Ending -u in the Khislavichi Dialect
- Scalar markers between aspect and modality: The case of Lithuanian be-
- Debatte / Debate
- Soll man russische Kultur studieren und wenn ja welche?
- Nachruf / Obituary
- In memoriam Horst-Jürgen Gerigk (1937–2024)
- Buchbesprechungen / Book Reviews
- Der Slawische Frühling. Ein historischer Roman
- Tempussysteme in slavischen Sprachen
- Der tschechische Himmel