A systematic review of the effects of transcranial photobiomodulation on brain activity in humans

References

Altimus, C.M., Güler, A.D., Villa, K.L., McNeill, D.S., LeGates, T.A., and Hattar, S. (2008). Rods-cones and melanopsin detect light and dark to modulate sleep independent of image formation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105: 19998–20003, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0808312105.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Attal, N., Poindessous-Jazat, F., De Chauvigny, E., Quesada, C., Mhalla, A., Ayache, S.S., Fermanian, C., Nizard, J., Peyron, R., Lefaucheur, J.P., et al.. (2021). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for neuropathic pain: a randomized multicentre sham-controlled trial. Brain 144: 3328–3339, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab208.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Babiloni, C., Binetti, G., Cassetta, E., Cerboneschi, D., Dal Forno, G., Del Percio, C., Ferreri, F., Ferri, R., Lanuzza, B., Miniussi, C., et al.. (2004). Mapping distributed sources of cortical rhythms in mild Alzheimer’s disease. a multicentric EEG study. Neuroimage 22: 57–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.028.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Babiloni, C., Del Percio, C., Caroli, A., Salvatore, E., Nicolai, E., Marzano, N., Lizio, R., Cavedo, E., Landau, S., Chen, K., et al.. (2016). Cortical sources of resting state EEG rhythms are related to brain hypometabolism in subjects with Alzheimer’s disease: an EEG-PET study. Neurobiol. Aging 48: 122–134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.021.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Barrett, D.W. and Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2013). Transcranial infrared laser stimulation produces beneficial cognitive and emotional effects in humans. Neuroscience 230: 13–23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.016.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Blanco, N.J., Saucedo, C.L., and Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2017a). Transcranial infrared laser stimulation improves rule-based, but not information-integration, category learning in humans. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2016.12.016.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Blanco, N.J., Maddox, W.T., and Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2017b). Improving executive function using transcranial infrared laser stimulation. J. Neuropsychol. 11: 14–25, https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12074.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Blivet, G., Meunier, J., Roman, F.J., and Touchon, J. (2018). Neuroprotective effect of a new photobiomodulation technique against Aβ25–35 peptide-induced toxicity in mice: novel hypothesis for therapeutic approach of Alzheimer’s disease suggested. Alzheimer’s Dementia 4: 54–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trci.2017.12.003.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Blivet, G., Relano-Gines, A., Wachtel, M., and Touchon, J. (2022). A randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled trial of an innovative brain-gut photobiomodulation therapy: safety and patient compliance. J. Alzheim. Dis. 90: 811–822, https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-220467.Suche in Google Scholar

Cardoso, F., dos, S., de Souza Oliveira Tavares, C., Araujo, B.H.S., Mansur, F., Lopes-Martins, R.Á.B., and Gomes da Silva, S. (2022). Improved spatial memory and neuroinflammatory profile changes in aged rats submitted to photobiomodulation therapy. Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 42: 1875–1886, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-021-01069-4.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Cardoso, F., dos, S., Martins, R.Á.B.L., and Gomes da Silva, S. (2020). Therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review. J Lasers Med. 11: S16–S22, https://doi.org/10.34172/jlms.2020.s3.Suche in Google Scholar

Cassano, P., Tran, A.P., Katnani, H., Bleier, B.S., Hamblin, M.R., Yuan, Y., and Fang, Q. (2019). Selective photobiomodulation for emotion regulation: model-based dosimetry study. Neurophotonics 6: 1, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.nph.6.1.015004.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Chaieb, L., Antal, A., Masurat, F., and Paulus, W. (2015). Neuroplastic effects of transcranial near-infrared stimulation (tNIRS) on the motor cortex. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 9: 147, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00147.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Chan, A.S., Lee, T.L., Hamblin, M.R., and Cheung, M.C. (2021). Photobiomodulation enhances memory processing in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. J. Alzheim. Dis. 83: 1471–1480, https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-201600.Suche in Google Scholar

Chan, A.S., Lee, T.L., Yeung, M.K., and Hamblin, M.R. (2019). Photobiomodulation improves the frontal cognitive function of older adults. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr. 34: 369–377, https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5039.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Chao, L. (2019). Effects of home photobiomodulation treatments on cognitive and behavioural function, cerebral perfusion, and resting-state functional connectivity in patients with dementia: a pilot trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 37: 133–141, https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2018.4555.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Chao, L., Barlow, C., Karimpoor, M., and Lim, L. (2020). Changes in brain function and structure after self-administered home photobiomodulation treatment in a concussion case. Front. Neurol. 11: 952, https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00952.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Chen, A.C.H., Arany, P.R., Huang, Y.Y., Tomkinson, E.M., Sharma, S.K., Kharkwal, G.B., Saleem, T., Mooney, D., Yull, F.E., Blackwell, T.S., et al.. (2011). Low-level laser therapy activates NF-κB via generation of reactive oxygen species in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. PLoS One 6: e22453, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022453.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Claus, J.J., De Visser, B.W.O., Bour, L.J., Walstra, G.J., Hijdra, A., Verbeeter, B.Jr, Van Royen, E.A., Kwa, V.I., and van Gool, W.A. (2000). Determinants of quantitative spectral electroencephalography in early Alzheimer’s disease: cognitive function, regional cerebral blood flow, and computed tomography. Dement. Geriatr. Cognit. Disord. 11: 81–89, https://doi.org/10.1159/000017219.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Darlot, F., Moro, C., El Massri, N., Chabrol, C., Johnstone, D.M., Reinhart, F., Agay, D., Torres, N., Bekha, D., Auboiroux, V., et al.. (2016). Near-infrared light is neuroprotective in a monkey model of Parkinson disease: neuroprotection after NIr. Ann. Neurol. 79: 59–75, https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24542.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

De Freitas, L. and Hamblin, M.R. (2016). Proposed mechanisms of photobiomodulation or low level light therapy. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron. 22: 7000417, https://doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2016.2561201.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Dmochowski, G.M., Shereen, A.D., Berisha, D., and Dmochowski, J.P. (2020). Near-infrared light increases functional connectivity with a non-thermal mechanism. Cereb Cortex Commun. 1: 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1093/texcom/tgaa004.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

El Khoury, H., Mitrofanis, J., and Henderson, L.A. (2019). Exploring the effects of near infrared light on resting and evoked brain activity in humans using magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosciences 422: 161–171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.037.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

El Khoury, H., Mitrofanis, J., and Henderson, L.A. (2021). Does photobiomodulation influence the resting-state networks in young human subjects? Exp. Brain Res. 239: 435–449, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-020-05981-x.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Figueiro-Longo, M.G., Tan, C.O., Chan, S., Welt, J., Avesta, A., Ratai, E., Mercaldo, N.D., Yendiki, A., Namati, J., Chico-Calero, I., et al.. (2020). Effect of transcranial low-level light therapy vs sham therapy among patients with moderate traumatic brain injury. JAMA Netw. Open 3: e2017337, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17337.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Gerace, E., Cialdai, F., Sereni, E., Lana, D., Nosi, D., Giovannini, M.G., Monici, M., and Mannaioni, G. (2021). NIR laser photobiomodulation induces neuroprotection in an in vitro model of cerebral hypoxia/ischemia. Mol. Neurobiol. 58: 5383–5395, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-021-02496-6.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Ghaderi, A.H., Jahan, A., Akrami, F., and Salimi, M.M. (2021). Transcranial photobiomodulation changes topology, synchronizability, and complexity of resting state brain networks. J. Neural. Eng. 18: 046048, https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/abf97c.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Gutiérrez-Menéndez, A., Martínez, J.A., Méndez, M., and Arias, J.L. (2022). No effects of photobiomodulation on prefrontal cortex and hippocampal cytochrome c oxidase activity and expression of c-Fos protein of young male and female rats. Front. Neurosci. 16: 897225, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.897225.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Hacke, W., Schellinger, P.D., Albers, G.W., Bornstein, N.M., Dahlof, B.L., Kasner, S.E., Shuaib, A., Richieri, S.P., Dilly, S.G., Zivin, J., et al.. (2014). Transcranial laser therapy in acute stroke treatment: results of neurothera effectiveness and safety trial 3, a phase III clinical en point device trial. Stroke 45: 3187–3193, https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.114.005795.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Hamblin, M.R. (2016). Shining light on the head: photobiomodulation for brain disorders. BBA Clin. 6: 113–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.09.002.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Hamblin, M.R. (2017). Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation. AIMS Biophys. 4: 337–361, https://doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2017.3.337.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Hamblin, M.R. and Liebert, A. (2022). Photobiomodulation therapy mechanisms beyond cytochrome c oxidase. Photobiomodul. Photomed. Laser Surg. 40: 75–77, https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2021.0119.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Hamilton, C.L., El Khoury, H., Hamilton, D., Nicklason, F., and Mitrofanis, J. (2019). “Buckets”: early observations on the use of red and infrared light helmets in Parkinson’s disease patients. Photobiomodul. Photomed. Laser Surg. 37: 615–622, https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2019.4663.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Haroon, J., Mahdavi, K., Zielinski, M.A., Habelhah, B., Chan, L., Bystritsky, A., Beoerra, S. and Jordan, S. (2021). A case of COVID-encephalopathy imaged with fMRI and treated with near infrared light. Brain Stimul. 14:1444–1446, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2021.10.377.Suche in Google Scholar

Hipskind, S.G., Grover, F.L., Fort, T.R., Helffenstein, D., Burke, T.J., Quint, S.A., Bussiere, G., Stone, M., and Hurtado, T. (2019). Pulsed transcranial red/near-infrared light therapy using light-emitting diodes improves cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in veterans with chronic traumatic brain injury: a case series. Photobiomodul. Photomed. Laser Surg. 37: 77–84, https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2018.4489.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Holmes, E., Barrett, D.W., Saucedo, C.L., O’Connor, P., Liu, H., and Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2019). Cognitive enhancement by transcranial photobiomodulation is associated with cerebrovascular oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex. Front. Neurosci. 13: 1129, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.01129.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Huisa, B.N., Stemer, A.B., Walker, M.G., Rapp, K., Meyer, B.C., and Zivin, J.A. (2013). Transcranial laser therapy for acute ischemic stroke: a pooled analysis of NEST-1 and NEST-2. Int. J. Stroke 8: 315–320, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00754.x.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Jafari, Z., Kolb, B.E., and Mohajerani, M.H. (2020). Neural oscillations and brain stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease. Prog. Neurobiol. 194: 101878, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101878.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Jagdeo, J.R., Adams, L.E., Brody, N.I., and Siegel, D.M. (2012). Transcranial red and near infrared light transmission in a cadaveric model. PLoS One 7: e47460, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047460.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Jahan, A., Nazari, M.A., Mahmoudi, J., Salehpour, F., and Moghadam Salimi, M. (2019). Transcranial near-infrared photobiomodulation could modulate brain electrophysiological features and attentional performances in healthy young adults. Laser Med. Sci. 34: 1193–1200, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-02710-3.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Jann, K., Kottlow, M., Dierks, T., Boesch, C., and Koenig, T. (2010). Topographic electrophysiological signatures of fMRI resting state networks. PLoS One 5: e12945, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012945.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Johnstone, D.M., el Massri, N., Moro, C., Spana, S., Wang, X.S., Torres, N., Chabrol, C., De Jaeger, X., Reinhart, F., Purushothuman, S., et al.. (2014). Indirect application of near infrared light induces neuroprotection in a mouse model of parkinsonism – an abscopal neuroprotective effect. Neuroscience 274: 93–101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.023.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Karu, T. (2010). Mitochondrial mechanisms of photobiomodulation in context of new data about multiple roles of ATP. Photomed Laser Surg. 28: 159–160, https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2010.2789.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Knyazev, G.G. (2011). EEG delta oscillations as a correlate of basic homeostatic and motivational processes. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 36: 677–695, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.10.002.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Konstantinović, L.M., Jelić, M.B., Jeremić, A., Stevanović, V.B., Milanović, S.D., and Filipović, S.R. (2013). Transcranial application of near-infrared low-level laser can modulate cortical excitability. Laser Surg. Med. 45: 648–653, https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.22190.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Korotkova, T., Ponomarenko, A., Monaghan, C.K., Poulter, S.L., Cacucci, F., Wills, T., Hasselmo, M.E., and Lever, C. (2018). Reconciling the different faces of hippocampal theta: the role of theta oscillations in cognitive, emotional and innate behaviors. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 85: 65–80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.004.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Kringelbach, M.L., Jenkinson, N., Owen, S.L.F., and Aziz, T.Z. (2007). Translational principles of deep brain stimulation. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8: 623–635, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2196.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Lample, Y., Zivin, J.A., Fisher, M., Lew, R., Welin, L., Dahlof, B., Borenstein, P., Andersson, B., Perez, J., Caparo, C., et al.. (2007). Infrared Laser Therapy for ischemic stroke: a new treatment strategy. Stroke 38: 1843–1849, https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.106.478230.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Lapchak, P.A., Boitano, P.D., Butte, P.V., Fisher, D.J., Hölscher, T., Ley, E.J., Nuño, M., Voie, A.H., and Rajput, P.S. (2015). Transcranial near-infrared laser transmission (NILT) profiles (800 nm): systematic comparison in four common research species. PLoS One 10: e0127580, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127580.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Li, T., Xue, C., Wang, P., Li, Y., and Wu, L. (2017). Photon penetration depth in human brain for light stimulation and treatment: a realistic monte carlo simulation study. J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci. 10: 1743002, https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793545817430027.Suche in Google Scholar

Liebert, A., Bicknell, B., Laakso, A., Heller, G., Jalilitabaei, P., Tilley, S., Mitrofanis, J., and Kiat, H. (2021). Improvements in clinical signs of Parkinson’s disease using photobiomodulation: a prospective proof-of-concept study. BMC Neurol. 21: 256, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02248-y.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Lockley, S.W., Evans, E.E., Scheer, F.A.J.L., Brainard, G.C., Czeisler, C.A., and Aeschbach, D. (2006). Short-wavelength sensitivity for the direct effects of light on alertness, vigilance, and the waking electroencephalogram in humans. Sleep 29: 161–168.Suche in Google Scholar

Ma, L.L., Wang, Y.Y., Yang, Z.H., Huang, D., Weng, H., and Zeng, X.T. (2020). Methodological quality (risk of bias) assessment tools for primary and secondary medical studies: what are they and which is better? Mil Med Res 7: 7, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-020-00238-8.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Maiello, M., Losiewicz, O.M., Bui, E., Spera, V., Hamblin, M.R., Marques, L., and Cassano, P. (2019). Transcranial photobiomodulation with near-infrared light for generalized anxiety disorder: a pilot study. Photobiomodul. Photomed. Laser Surg. 37: 644–650, https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2019.4677.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Mantini, D., Perrucci, M.G., Del Gratta, C., Romani, G.L., and Corbetta, M. (2007). Electrophysiological signatures of resting state networks in the human brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 13170–13175, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0700668104.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Marashian, S.M., Hashemian, M., Pourabdollah, M., Nasseri, M., Mahmoudian, S., Reinhart, F., and Eslaminejad, A. (2022). Photobiomodulation improves serum cytokine response in mild to moderate COVID-19: the first randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, pilot study. Front. Immunol. 13: 929837, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.929837.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Mitrofanis, J. (2019). The light is photobiomodulation. In: Hamblin, M.R. (Ed.). Run in the light: exploring exercise and photobiomodulation in Parkinson’s disease. IOP Publishing in Photomedicine and Biophotonics, Bristol, UK.10.1088/2053-2571/ab2f70ch3Suche in Google Scholar

Mohan, A., Roberto, A.J., Mohan, A., Lorenzo, A., Jones, K., Carney, M.J., Liogier-Weyback, L., Hwang, S., and Lapidus, K.A.B. (2016). The significance of the default mode network (DMN) in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: a review. Yale J. Biol. Med. 89: 49–57.Suche in Google Scholar

Moisset, X., de Andrade, D.C., and Bouhassira, D. (2015). From pulses to pain relief: an update on the mechanisms of rTMS-induced analgesic effects. Eur. J. Pain 20: 689–700, https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.811.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Moola, S., Munn, Z., Tufanaru, C., Aromataris, E., Sears, K., Sfetcu, R., Curri, M., Lisy, K., Qureshi, R., Mattis, P., et al.. (2020). Chapter 7: systematic reviews of etiology and risk. In: Aromataris, E. and Munn, Z. (Eds.), JBI manual for evidence synthesis. JBI.10.46658/JBIRM-17-06Suche in Google Scholar

Moro, C., Massri, N.E., Torres, N., Ratel, D., De Jaeger, X., Chabrol, C., Perraut, F., Bourgerette, A., Berger, M., Purushothuman, S., et al.. (2014). Photobiomodulation inside the brain: a novel method of applying near-infrared light intracranially and its impact on dopaminergic cell survival in MPTP-treated mice. J. Neurosurg. 120: 670–683, https://doi.org/10.3171/2013.9.jns13423.Suche in Google Scholar

Naeser, M.A., Zafonte, R., Krengel, M.H., Martin, P.I., Frazier, J., Hamblin, M.R., Knight, J.A., Meehan, W.P.III, and Baker, E. (2014). Significant improvements in cognitive performance post-transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode treatments in chronic, mild traumatic brain injury: open-protocol study. J. Neurotrauma 31: 1008–1017, https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2013.3244.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Nguyen, G. and Postnova, S. (2021). Progress in modelling of brain dynamics during anaesthesia and the role of sleep-wake circuitry. Biochem. Pharmacol. 191: 114388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114388.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Nizamutdinov, D., Qi, X., Berman, M.H., Dougal, G., Dayawansa, S., Wu, E., Yi, S.S., Stevens, A.B., and Huang, J.H. (2021). Transcranial near infrared light stimulations improve cognition in patients with dementia. Aging Dis 12: 954–963, https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2021.0229.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

PRISMA-P Group, Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P. and Stewart, L.A. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P). Syst. Rev. 4: 1, https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-4-1.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Pruitt, T., Wang, X., Wu, A., Kallioniemi, E., Husain, M.M., and Liu, H. (2020). Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) with 1,064-nm laser to improve cerebral metabolism of the human brain in vivo. Laser Surg. Med. 52: 807–813, https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.23232.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Purushothuman, S., Johnstone, D.M., Nandasena, C., Mitrofanis, J., and Stone, J. (2014). Photobiomodulation with near infrared light mitigates Alzheimer’s disease-related pathology in cerebral cortex – evidence from two transgenic mouse models. Alzheimer’s Res. Ther. 6: 2, https://doi.org/10.1186/alzrt232.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Rupel, K., Zupin, L., Colliva, A., Kamada, A., Poropat, A., Ottaviani, G., Gobbo, M., Fanfoni, L., Gratton, R., Santoro, M., et al.. (2018). Photobiomodulation at multiple wavelengths differentially modulates oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2018: 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6510159.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Salehpour, F., Ahmadian, N., Rasta, S.H., Farhoudi, M., Karimi, P., and Sadigh-Eteghad, S. (2017). Transcranial low-level laser therapy improves brain mitochondrial function and cognitive impairment in D-galactose–induced aging mice. Neurobiol. Aging 58: 140–150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.025.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Salehpour, F., De Taboada, L., Cassano, P., Kamari, F., Mahmoudi, J., Ahmadi-Kandjani, S., Rasta, S.H., and Sadigh-Eteghad, S. (2018). A protocol for transcranial photobiomodulation therapy in mice. JoVE 18: 59076, https://doi.org/10.3791/59076-v.Suche in Google Scholar

Salehpour, F., Majdi, A., Pazhuhi, M., Ghasemi, F., Khademi, M., Pashazadeh, F., Hamblin, M.R., and Cassano, P. (2019). Transcranial photobiomodulation improves cognitive performance in young healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Photobiomodul. Photomed. Laser Surg. 37: 635–643, https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2019.4673.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Salgado, A.S.I., Zângaro, R.A., Parreira, R.B., and Kerppers, I.I. (2015). The effects of transcranial LED therapy (TCLT) on cerebral blood flow in the elderly women. Laser Med. Sci. 30: 339–346, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-014-1669-2.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Saucedo, C.L., Courtois, E.C., Wade, Z.S., Kelley, M.N., Kheradbin, N., Barrett, D.W., and Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2021). Transcranial laser stimulation: mitochondrial and cerebrovascular effects in younger and older healthy adults. Brain Stimul. 14: 440–449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2021.02.011.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Schiffer, F., Johnston, A.L., Ravichandran, C., Polcari, A., Teicher, M.H., Webb, R.H. and Hamblin, M.R. (2009). Psychological benefits 2 and 4 weeks after a single treatment with near infrared light to the forehead: a pilot study of 10 patients with major depression and anxiety. Behav. Brain Funct. 5: 46, https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-5-46.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Shahdadian, S., Wang, X., Wanniarachchi, H., Chaudhari, A., Truong, N.C.G., and Liu, H. (2022). Neuromodulation of brain power topography and network topology by prefrontal transcranial photobiomodulation. J. Neural. Eng. 19: 10.1088, https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ac9ede.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., and Stewart, L.A., and the PRISMA-P Group. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. Br. Med. J. 349: g7647, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g7647.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Sharma, S.K., Kharkwal, G.B., Sajo, M., Huang, Y.Y., De Taboada, L., McCarthy, T., and Hamblin, M.R. (2011). Dose response effects of 810 nm laser light on mouse primary cortical neurons. Laser Surg. Med. 43: 851–859, https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.21100.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Shaw, V., Spana, S., Ashkan, K., Benabid, A.L., Stone, J., Baker, G.E., and Mitrofanis, J. (2010). Neuroprotection of midbrain dopaminergic cells in MPTP-treated mice after near-infrared light treatment. J. Comp. Neurol. 518: 25–40, https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.22207.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Shinhmar, H., Grewal, M., Sivaprasad, S., Hogg, C., Chong, V., Neveu, M., and Jeffery, G. (2020). Optically improved mitochondrial function redeems aged human visual decline. J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 75: e49–e52, https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa155.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Sommer, A.P., Haddad, M.Kh., and Fecht, H.J. (2015). Light effect on water viscosity: implication for ATP biosynthesis. Sci. Rep. 5: 12029, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12029.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Song, P., Han, T., Lin, H., Li, S., Huang, Q., Dai, X., Wang, R., and Wang, Y. (2020). Transcranial near-infrared stimulation may increase cortical excitability recorded in humans. Brain Res. Bull. 155: 155–158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.12.007.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Spera, V., Sitnikova, T., Ward, M.J., Farzam, P., Hughes, J., Gazecki, S., Bui, E., Maiello, M., De Taboada, L.D., Hamblin, M.R., et al.. (2021). Pilot study on dose-dependent effects of transcranial photobiomodulation on brain electrical oscillations: a potential therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease. J. Alzheim. Dis. 83: 1481–1498, https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-210058.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Sterne, J.A.C., Savovic, J., Page, M.J., Elbers, R.G., Blencowe, N.S., Boutron, I., Cates, C.J., Cheng, H.Y., Corbett, M.S., Eldridge, S.M., et al.. (2019). RoB2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. Br. Med. J. 366: I4898, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4898.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Tedford, C.E., DeLapp, S., Jacques, S., and Anders, J. (2015). Quantitative analysis of transcranial and intraparenchymal light penetration in human cadaver brain tissue. Laser Surg. Med. 47: 312–322, https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.22343.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Tian, F., Hase, S.N., Gonzalez-Lima, F., and Liu, H. (2016). Transcranial laser stimulation improves human cerebral oxygenation. Laser Surg. Med. 48: 343–349, https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.22471.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Uozumi, Y., Nawashiro, H., Sato, S., Kawauchi, S., Shima, K., and Kikuchi, M. (2010). Targeted increase in cerebral blood flow by transcranial near-infrared laser irradiation: increased CBF by near infrared laser irradiation. Laser Surg. Med. 42: 566–576, https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20938.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Urquhart, E.L., Wanniarachchi, H., Wang, X., Gonzalez-Lima, F., Alexandrakis, G. and Liu, H. (2020). Transcranial photobiomodulation-induced changes in human brain functional connectivity and network metrics mapped by whole-head functional near-infrared spectroscopy in vivo. Biomed Opt. Express. 11: 5783–5799, https://doi.org/10.1364/boe.402047.Suche in Google Scholar

Vanderwalle, G., Maquet, P., and Dijk, D.J. (2009). Light as a modulator of cognitive brain function. Trends Cognit Neurosci 13: 429–438, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.07.004.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Vatner, S.F., Zhang, J., Oydanich, M., Berkman, T., Naftalovich, R., and Vatner, D.E. (2020). Healthful aging mediated by inhibition of oxidative stress. Ageing Res. Rev. 64: 101194, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2020.101194.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Wang, X., Dmochowski, J.P., Zeng, L., Kallioniemi, E., Husain, M., Gonzalez-Lima, F., and Liu, H. (2019). Transcranial photobiomodulation with 1064-nm laser modulates brain electroencephalogram rhythms. Neurophotonics 6: 1, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.nph.6.2.025013.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Wang, X., Ma, L.C., Shahdadian, S., Wu, A., Truong, N.C.D., and Liu, H. (2022a). Metabolic connectivity and hemodynamic-metabolic coherence of human prefrontal cortex at rest and post photobiomodulation assessed by dual-channel broadband NIRS. Metabolites 12: 42, https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010042.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Wang, X., Tian, F., Reddy, D.D., Nalawade, S.S., Barrett, D.W., Gonzalez-Lima, F., and Liu, H. (2017). Up-regulation of cerebral cytochrome-c-oxidase and hemodynamics by transcranial infrared laser stimulation: a broadband near-infrared spectroscopy study. J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metabol. 37: 3789–3802, https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678x17691783.Suche in Google Scholar

Wang, X., Wanniarachchi, H., Wu, A., Gonzalez-Lima, F., and Liu, H. (2021). Transcranial photobiomodulation and thermal stimulation induce distinct topographies of EEG alpha and beta power changes in healthy humans. Sci. Rep. 11: 18917, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97987-w.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Wang, X., Wanniarachchi, H., Wu, A., and Liu, H. (2022b). Combination of group singular value decomposition and eLORETA identifies human EEG networks and responses to transcranial photobiomodulation. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 16: 853909, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.853909.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Wong-Riley, M.T.T., Ling Liang, H., Eells, J.T., Chance, B., Henry, M., Buchmann, E., Kane, M., and Whelan, H.T. (2005). Photobiomodulation directly benefits primary neurons functionally inactivated by toxins. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 4761–4771, https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m409650200.Suche in Google Scholar

Wu, Q., Wang, X., Liu, H., and Zeng, L. (2020). Learning hemodynamic effect of transcranial infrared laser stimulation using longitudinal data analysis. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform. 24: 1772–1779, https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2019.2951772.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Xie, K., El Khoury, H., Mitrofanis, J. and Austin, P.J. (2023). A systematic review of the effect of photobiomodulation on the neuroinflammatory response in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Rev. Neurosci. 34: 459–481. https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2022-0109.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Yao, L., Qian, Z., Liu, Y., Fang, Z., Li, W., and Xing, L. (2021). Effects of stimulating frequency of NIR LEDs light irradiation on forehead as quantified by EEG measurements. J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci. 14: 2050025, https://doi.org/10.1142/s179354582050025x.Suche in Google Scholar

Yuan, Y., Cassano, P., Pias, M., and Fang, Q. (2020). Transcranial photobiomodulation with near-infrared light from childhood to elderliness: simulation of dosimetry. Neurophotonics 7: 015009-1-015009-15, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.nph.7.1.015009.Suche in Google Scholar

Zomorrodi, R., Loheswaran, G., Pushparaj, A., and Lim, L. (2019). Pulsed near infrared transcranial and intranasal photobiomodulation significantly modulates neural oscillations: a pilot exploratory study. Sci. Rep. 9: 6309, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42693-x.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central