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Nondestructive microstructural characterization of austempered ductile iron

  • Mert Yagiz Tuzun

    Mert Yagiz Tuzun was born in 1997, study at the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. He received his BSc and MSc degrees from Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Gazi University in 2019 and 2021, respectively. His research interests include heat treatments of steels and cast irons, EBSD technique, SEM, quantitative metallography, magnetic Barkhausen noise.

         , Mustafa Alp Yalcin

    Mustafa Alp Yalcin was born in 1992, works in the Metal Forming Center of Excellence, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey. He received his BSc and MSc degrees from Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Atilim University in 2016 and 2019, respectively. His research interests include SEM, EBSD technique, microstructural characterization, metallography and in-situ experiments in SEM.

         , Kemal Davut

    Assist. Prof. Dr. Kemal Davut was born in 1982, works at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey. He received his BSc and MSc degrees from Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University in 2004 and 2006, respectively. He earned his PhD degree in 2013 from the RWTH Aachen University. His areas of interest include crystallographic texture analysis, EBSD technique, SEM, quantitative metallography, magnetic Barkhausen noise, heat treatment of ferrous alloys and advanced high strength steels.

         und Volkan Kilicli

    Assoc. Prof. Dr. Volkan Kilicli was born in 1980, works at the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. He graduated in Metallurgy Education from Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, in 2001. He received his MSc and PhD degrees from Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey in 2004 and 2010, respectively. His research interests include heat treatments of steels and cast irons, semi-solid processing of aluminium alloys, self-healing metallic materials and metal matrix composites.

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Abstract

Austempered ductile iron (ADI) has been preferred in a wide range of applications due its unique combination of high strength, good ductility, wear resistance and fracture toughness together with lower cost and lower density compared to steels. Magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) measurement offers a better alternative to traditional characterization techniques by being fast and non-destructive. A simple linear regression using only one single independent variable cannot correlate the MBN with the microstructure of ADI, since its microstructure is multi-component. Multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) was used to build a model that uses the characteristic features of microstructural constituents as input parameters to predict the MBN. For that purpose, Cu-Ni-Mo alloyed ductile iron samples austempered between 325 and 400 °C and for 45–180 min duration were used. The results show that MBN is most sensitive to the size and shape of acicular ferrite and retained austenite. Moreover, MBN is almost insensitive to the size, morphology and volume fraction of graphite particles. This indicates that retained austenite pins the domain walls more effectively than the graphite particles. Considering the results MLRA, MBN technique can be used to characterize the ausferritic microstructure of ADI.

Keywords: austempered ductile iron (ADI); magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN); microstructure; multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA); retained austenite
Corresponding author: Volkan Kilicli, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Gazi University, Faculty of Technology, Teknikokullar, 06560, Ankara, Türkiye, E-mail:

Funding source: Gazi University

Award Identifier / Grant number: GÜBAP 07/2020-19

About the authors

Mert Yagiz Tuzun

Mert Yagiz Tuzun was born in 1997, study at the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. He received his BSc and MSc degrees from Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Gazi University in 2019 and 2021, respectively. His research interests include heat treatments of steels and cast irons, EBSD technique, SEM, quantitative metallography, magnetic Barkhausen noise.

Mustafa Alp Yalcin

Mustafa Alp Yalcin was born in 1992, works in the Metal Forming Center of Excellence, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey. He received his BSc and MSc degrees from Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Atilim University in 2016 and 2019, respectively. His research interests include SEM, EBSD technique, microstructural characterization, metallography and in-situ experiments in SEM.

Kemal Davut

Assist. Prof. Dr. Kemal Davut was born in 1982, works at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey. He received his BSc and MSc degrees from Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University in 2004 and 2006, respectively. He earned his PhD degree in 2013 from the RWTH Aachen University. His areas of interest include crystallographic texture analysis, EBSD technique, SEM, quantitative metallography, magnetic Barkhausen noise, heat treatment of ferrous alloys and advanced high strength steels.

Volkan Kilicli

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Volkan Kilicli was born in 1980, works at the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. He graduated in Metallurgy Education from Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, in 2001. He received his MSc and PhD degrees from Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey in 2004 and 2010, respectively. His research interests include heat treatments of steels and cast irons, semi-solid processing of aluminium alloys, self-healing metallic materials and metal matrix composites.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: The authors wish to acknowledge to Gazi University Scientific Research Coordination Unit for financial support (Project code: GÜBAP 07/2020-19).

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Published Online: 2023-03-08
Published in Print: 2023-03-28

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Effect of alloying elements on mechanical behaviour of Cu-Zn-Sn bronzes
  3. Effects of boron waste as a reinforcement in the production of Al composite foams
  4. Buckling in rectangular hybrid composite plates with angled groove-shaped cut-outs
  5. Experimental and numerical investigation of crashworthiness performance for optimal automobile structures using response surface methodology and oppositional based learning differential evolution algorithm
  6. Effects of deep cryogenic treatment with different holding times on the mechanical properties of Al 7050-T7451 alloy friction stir welding
  7. Additive manufacturing and characterization of a stainless steel and a nickel alloy
  8. Shear strain rate sensitivity and crystallisation kinetics investigation in melt spun Cu64Zr36 binary metallic glass
  9. Microstructure analysis, constitutive relationship, and processing map of novel pre-aged Mg-Zn-Gd-Er alloy with different deformation ranges
  10. Effects of process parameters on strengthening mechanisms of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg
  11. Comparison of notch fabrication methods on the impact strength of FDM-3D-printed PLA specimens
  12. Hydride formation mechanisms in Zr-containing amorphous alloys during sample preparation and atom probe tomography
  13. Taper connection strength of revision heads with adapter sleeves compared to standard heads made of ceramics
  14. Investigation of glass/epoxy laminate composites reinforced with bio-particles under mechanical loading
  15. Nondestructive microstructural characterization of austempered ductile iron
https://doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0265
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
austempered ductile iron (ADI); magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN); microstructure; multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA); retained austenite

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Effect of alloying elements on mechanical behaviour of Cu-Zn-Sn bronzes
  3. Effects of boron waste as a reinforcement in the production of Al composite foams
  4. Buckling in rectangular hybrid composite plates with angled groove-shaped cut-outs
  5. Experimental and numerical investigation of crashworthiness performance for optimal automobile structures using response surface methodology and oppositional based learning differential evolution algorithm
  6. Effects of deep cryogenic treatment with different holding times on the mechanical properties of Al 7050-T7451 alloy friction stir welding
  7. Additive manufacturing and characterization of a stainless steel and a nickel alloy
  8. Shear strain rate sensitivity and crystallisation kinetics investigation in melt spun Cu64Zr36 binary metallic glass
  9. Microstructure analysis, constitutive relationship, and processing map of novel pre-aged Mg-Zn-Gd-Er alloy with different deformation ranges
  10. Effects of process parameters on strengthening mechanisms of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg
  11. Comparison of notch fabrication methods on the impact strength of FDM-3D-printed PLA specimens
  12. Hydride formation mechanisms in Zr-containing amorphous alloys during sample preparation and atom probe tomography
  13. Taper connection strength of revision heads with adapter sleeves compared to standard heads made of ceramics
  14. Investigation of glass/epoxy laminate composites reinforced with bio-particles under mechanical loading
  15. Nondestructive microstructural characterization of austempered ductile iron
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