Abstract
This article examines a solo musical/dramatic performance of the Old English poem Beowulf. Drawing on recent literature on multimodal communication, conceptual blending, and music cognition, it specifically discusses musical means of constructing and manipulating narrative viewpoint, exploring how sound and embodied performance influence and create the meanings of verbal narrative. Blending analysis, focused as it is on the integration of disparate input concepts into one blended space and the meaning-making potential of this process, lends itself naturally to the interaction of various modes of communication. In Benjamin Bagby’s Beowulf, the embodied, preformative resources of oral storytelling—particularly musical sound—structure narrative viewpoint in ways not afforded by the text alone, and thus support the process of story-construction. The famously ambiguous “Unferð Episode,” a dialogic exchange incorporating complex viewpoint phenomena and embedded narratives, exemplifies how such manipulation of viewpoint constrains and guides interpretation. As this article demonstrates, Bagby’s storytelling tools—verbal delivery, musical organization, gesture, posture—do not merely communicate a sequence of events but define the ways characters, narrators, and audience members negotiate, view and construe the stories constituted by those events.
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank Barbara Dancygier for her assistance with early drafts of this essay, Charles Morrow, Jon Aaron, and Benjamin Bagby for their kind permission to reproduce material from the 2006 video-recording of Beowulf, and Multimodal Communication's anonymous reviewers for their valued feedback.
References
Amodio, M., Cable, T., Foley, J.M., and Bagby, B. (2006). Beowulf: literature versus oral tradition. Charles Morrow Productions, New York.Suche in Google Scholar
Bagby, B. (1999). Background: the harp. Bagbybeowulf.com, https://www.bagbybeowulf.com/background/index.html (Accessed 15 August 2020).Suche in Google Scholar
Beowulf (1995). In: Alexander, M. (Ed.), Penguin, London.Suche in Google Scholar
Beowulf (2006). [DVD] performed by B. Bagby. Helsingborg: Charles Morrow Productions.Suche in Google Scholar
Boykan, M. (2000). Reflections on words and music. Mus. Q. 84: 123–136, https://doi.org/10.1093/mq/84.1.123.Suche in Google Scholar
Dancygier, B. (2012). The language of stories: a cognitive approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511794414Suche in Google Scholar
Dancygier, B. (2016). Multimodality and theatre: material objects, bodies and language. In: Blair, R. and Cook, A. (Eds.), Theatre, performance and cognition: languages, bodies and ecologies. New York: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, pp. 21–39.10.5040/9781472591821.0008Suche in Google Scholar
Dancygier, B. and Vandelanotte, L. (2016). Discourse viewpoint as network. In: Dancygier, B., Lu, W., and Verhagen, A. (Eds.), Viewpoint and the fabric of meaning: form and use of viewpoint tools across languages and modalities. Berlin, Boston: DeGruyter Mouton, pp. 13–40.10.1515/9783110365467-003Suche in Google Scholar
Frantzen, A. (2007). Drama and dialogue in Old English poetry: the scene of Cynewulf’s Juliana. Theat. Surv. 48: 99–119, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0040557407000385.Suche in Google Scholar
Gintsburg, S. (2019). Lost in dictation. A cognitive approach to oral poetry: frames scripts and “unnecessary” words in the Jebli ayyu. Lang. Commun. 64: 104–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2018.11.003.Suche in Google Scholar
Gritten, A. and King, E. (2006). Music and gesture. London: Routledge.Suche in Google Scholar
Hutchins, E. (1996). Cognition in the wild. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/1881.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Hutchins, E. (2005). Material anchors for conceptual blends. J. Pragmat. 37: 1555–1577, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2004.06.008.Suche in Google Scholar
King, E. and Ginsborg, J. (2011). Gestures and glances: interactions in ensemble rehearsal. In: Gritten, A. and King, E. (Eds.), New perspectives on music and gesture. London: Routledge, pp. 177–202.Suche in Google Scholar
Kramer, L. (2020). Music and the rise of narrative. In: da Sousa Correa, D. (Ed.), The Edinburgh companion to literature and music. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 395–404.10.3366/edinburgh/9780748693122.003.0040Suche in Google Scholar
Magoun, F. (1963). Béowulf B: a folk-poem on Béowulf’s death. In: Brown, A. and Foote, P. (Eds.), Early English and Norse studies presented to Hugh Smith in honour of his sixtieth birthday. London: Methuen, pp. 127–140.Suche in Google Scholar
Moran, N. (2011). Music, bodies and relationships: an ethnographic contribution to embodied cognition studies. Psychol. Music 41: 5–17, https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735611400174.Suche in Google Scholar
Neidorf, L. (2017). Unferth’s ambiguity and the trivialization of germanic legend. Neophilologus 101: 439–454, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11061-017-9523-y.Suche in Google Scholar
Niles, J. (1998). Reconceiving Beowulf: poetry as social praxis. Coll. Engl. 61: 143–166, https://doi.org/10.2307/378876.Suche in Google Scholar
Rosano-Garcia, F. (2019). Unferþ Maðelode”: the villain in Beowulf reconsidered. Engl. Stud. 100: 941–958, https://doi.org/10.1080/0013838X.2019.1640051.Suche in Google Scholar
Sambre, P. and Feyaerts, K. (2017). Embodied musical meaning-making and multimodal viewpoints in a trumpet master class. J. Pragmat. 122: 10–23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2017.09.004.Suche in Google Scholar
Sorrell, P. (1992). Oral poetry and the world of Beowulf. Oral Tradit. 7: 28–65.Suche in Google Scholar
Spitzer, M. (2019). Conceptual blending and musical emotion. Music. Sci. 22: 24–37, https://doi.org/10.1177/1029864917714302.Suche in Google Scholar
Tobin, V. and Israel, M. (2012). Irony as a viewpoint phenomenon. In: Sweetser, E. and Dancygier, B. (Eds.), Viewpoint in language: a multimodal perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 25–46.10.1017/CBO9781139084727.004Suche in Google Scholar
Waugh, R. (2011). Ongitan and the possibility of oral seeing in Beowulf. Tex. Stud. Lit. Lang. 53: 338–351, https://doi.org/10.1353/tsl.2011.0010.Suche in Google Scholar
Zbikowski, L. (2017). Foundations of musical grammar. New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780190653637.001.0001Suche in Google Scholar
Zbikowski, L. (2018). Conceptual blending, creativity, and music. Music. Sci. 22: 6–23, https://doi.org/10.1177/1029864917712783.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Reliability in the identification of metaphors in (filmic) multimodal communication
- Music, multimodality, and narrative viewpoint: Beowulf in performance
- Hybrid Indo-Trinidadian identities and tasty food: a multimodal critical discourse analysis of ‘Doubles with Slight Pepper’
- Multimodal metaphors and sexism in Arabic cartoons depicting gender and gender relations during COVID-19
- book-review
- Review of: Theo van Leeuwen (2022) Multimodality and identity. Routledge
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Reliability in the identification of metaphors in (filmic) multimodal communication
- Music, multimodality, and narrative viewpoint: Beowulf in performance
- Hybrid Indo-Trinidadian identities and tasty food: a multimodal critical discourse analysis of ‘Doubles with Slight Pepper’
- Multimodal metaphors and sexism in Arabic cartoons depicting gender and gender relations during COVID-19
- book-review
- Review of: Theo van Leeuwen (2022) Multimodality and identity. Routledge