Pronounced neonatal breast enlargement beyond the first week of life and its regression correlates with serum prolactin levels – a case series
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Hilda-Brigitta Bartos
Abstract
Objectives
Mild breast swelling is frequently observed in newborns during the first postnatal week. Breast enlargement is also observed in a minor proportion of infants beyond the first postnatal week, leading to discussions how to deal with it. Our objective was to review a case series of infants with prolonged breast swelling.
Case presentation
We examined five infants with pronounced breast enlargement beyond the first postnatal week and measured human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and progesterone (P4) in blood samples and analyzed breast volume by sonographic volume determination in all infants initially and across time. The regression of breast enlargement positively correlated with serum prolactin levels in infants with breast enlargement beyond the first week of life. Complete regression occurred after several weeks and was characterized by normalization of serum prolactin levels.
Conclusions
The present study emphasizes the role of prolactin in neonates with pronounced breast enlargement beyond the first week of life.
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Research ethics: Five cases with pronounced breast enlargement beyond the first week of life were studied with approval of the local Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Marburg, Germany, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013).
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Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
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Author contributions: Medical practices: Hilda-Brigitta Bartos, Linnéa Weise, Hanna Müller, Concept: Hanna Müller, Design: Hanna Müller, Data collection or processing: Hilda Bartos, Linnéa Weise, Alexandra Schock, Andreas H. Mahnken, Hanna Müller, Analysis or interpretation: Alexandra Schock, Christel Weiss, Literature Search: Hilda-Brigitta Bartos, Hanna Müller, Writing: Hanna Müller, Alexandra Schock, Sonja Diez, Karla Drommelschmidt, Helmut Hummler. The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
References
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review
- Refractory hypothyroidism in children: an overview
- Original Articles
- Oral glucose tolerance test curve shape in Mexican children and adolescents with and without obesity
- Reliability of self-reported pubertal development scale for girls in early adolescent: a school population-based study
- Allergic reactions to enzyme replacement therapy in children with lysosomal storage diseases and their management
- The role of Cardiotrophin-1 and echocardiography in early detection of subclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Evaluation of the etiology of subclinical hypothyroidism in children
- Long-term efficacy and safety of PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone in treating Chinese children with growth hormone deficiency: a 5-year retrospective study
- Case Reports
- Effective and safe use of sirolimus in hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia refractory to medical and surgical therapy: a case series and review of literature
- Diabetes and CFAP126 gene mutation; are they really linked together?
- Pronounced neonatal breast enlargement beyond the first week of life and its regression correlates with serum prolactin levels – a case series
- A successful liver transplantation in a patient with neonatal-onset carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 deficiency
- Corrigendum
- New data supporting that early diagnosis and treatment are possible and necessary in intracellular cobalamin depletion: the case of transcobalamin II deficiency
