Abstract
Over the past decades, an increasing number of environmental situations posed threats to humans and assets. Natural disasters happen more frequently and with higher intensity – such as floods caused by heavy rains. One example was the flood that hit in the middle of Europe in 2013. This article reports a single case study of the flood in the German city of Passau in 2013. In the case study we analyze the governance structure employed throughout the flooding as well as how it was managed. Beyond this, we examine how information and communication technology supported the management staff in fulfilling their tasks. Data were collected through semi-structured qualitative interviews with members of the management staff from the main organizations involved in the relief work for the Passau Flood in 2013. Our results show that a hybrid governance structure was employed. All in all, the disaster could be averted, but we identified several challenges and areas for improvement, which could be helpful for managing future disasters successfully.
Appendix
Appendix A: Fact Sheet
The Flood of Passau 2013 at a Glance.
| Water level peak Danube | 1289 meter (m) (normal level 490 m) |
| Water level peak Inn | 1020 meter (normal level 230 m) |
| Relief workers | Approx. 5000 |
| People in citizen initiatives | Approx. 5000 |
| Flooded buildings | 1186 |
| Affected citizens | 7155 |
| Damaged buildings | 800 |
| Affected area | 241 ha |
| Caused damage | Approx. 190 MIO Euro |
Source: (Government of Passau 2014).
Appendix B: Interview Guideline
Interview Guideline.
| Preface |
| In which time span did you participate in the operation? |
| Which function/role did you carried out within your organization? |
| Which function/role did you carried out to other organizations? |
| Which role did your organization carried out in the operation? |
| Any positive aspects concerning the operation? |
| Do you remember any room for improvement? |
| Macro perspective |
| How were the single organizations structured together? |
| How was the overall information flow organized? |
| How was the overall decision making and enforcement managed? |
| Micro perspective |
| Which structure where employed do manage the units of your organization? |
| How did the management team work? |
| Which kind of command room/vehicle was used for the management team? |
| Support of information and communication technology |
| Which communication media where used? |
| In which kind did information systems support the management team? |
| How were the operation relevant information stored/prepared/represented? |
| Did any kind of workaround exist for lacking technical/non technical utilities? |
| Social media/Citizen Initiatives |
| How was the communication with the citizen initiatives organized? |
| At which point of time did you notice the huge participation of citizen initiatives? |
| What kind of structure had these citizen initiatives? |
| Did they use any kind of IT systems, offering any advantages? |
Source: Based on (Schwabe and Krcmar 1996).
Appendix C: Coding Schema and Code Application Frequency
Coding Schema.
| Category | Frequency |
|---|---|
| Employed ICT and utilities | 69 |
| Employed ICT | 25 |
| Conventional utilities | 15 |
| Shortcomings of employed utilities | 29 |
| Governance model | 375 |
| Structure | |
| Internal structure of employed organizations | 23 |
| Between structure of employed organizations | 68 |
| Coordination structure of employed organizations | 76 |
| Policies | |
| Policies to guide collaboration | 27 |
| Processes | |
| Decision making and enforcement | 96 |
| Requesting supra local forces | 85 |
| In Total: | 444 |
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©2015 by De Gruyter
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Network Disaster Response Effectiveness: The Case of ICTs and Hurricane Katrina
- Principle-Based Design: A Methodology and Principles for Capitalizing Design Experiences for Information Quality Assurance
- Increasing Evacuation Communication Through ICTs: An Agent-based Model Demonstrating Evacuation Practices and the Resulting Traffic Congestion in the Rush to the Road
- Managing Network Based Governance Structures in Disasters: The Case of the Passau Flood in 2013
- Geographic Information Systems for Disaster Response: A Review
- Determinants of Emergency Management Decision Support Software Technology: An Empirical Analysis of Social Influence in Technology Adoption
- Using Social Multimedia Content to Inform Emergency Planning of Recurring and Cyclical Events in Local Communities
- Social Media and the Virality of Risk: The Risk Amplification through Media Spread (RAMS) Model
- Social Media in Crisis: When Professional Responders Meet Digital Volunteers
- Closing the Citizen-Government Communication Gap: Content, Audience, and Network Analysis of Government Tweets
- Re-Tweet Count Matters: Social Influences on Sharing of Disaster-Related Tweets
- Synthetic Environments for Investigating Collaborative Information Seeking: An Application in Emergency Restoration of Critical Infrastructures
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Network Disaster Response Effectiveness: The Case of ICTs and Hurricane Katrina
- Principle-Based Design: A Methodology and Principles for Capitalizing Design Experiences for Information Quality Assurance
- Increasing Evacuation Communication Through ICTs: An Agent-based Model Demonstrating Evacuation Practices and the Resulting Traffic Congestion in the Rush to the Road
- Managing Network Based Governance Structures in Disasters: The Case of the Passau Flood in 2013
- Geographic Information Systems for Disaster Response: A Review
- Determinants of Emergency Management Decision Support Software Technology: An Empirical Analysis of Social Influence in Technology Adoption
- Using Social Multimedia Content to Inform Emergency Planning of Recurring and Cyclical Events in Local Communities
- Social Media and the Virality of Risk: The Risk Amplification through Media Spread (RAMS) Model
- Social Media in Crisis: When Professional Responders Meet Digital Volunteers
- Closing the Citizen-Government Communication Gap: Content, Audience, and Network Analysis of Government Tweets
- Re-Tweet Count Matters: Social Influences on Sharing of Disaster-Related Tweets
- Synthetic Environments for Investigating Collaborative Information Seeking: An Application in Emergency Restoration of Critical Infrastructures