Various glycolysis inhibitor-containing tubes for glucose measurement cannot be used interchangeably due to clinically unacceptable biases between them
-
Andrea Saracevic
, Lora Dukic
, Gordana Juricic , Lara Milevoj Kopcinovic , Gorana Mirosevic und Ana-Maria Simundic
Abstract
Background:
The aim of our study was to determine the difference between glucose concentration measured 30 min after venipuncture in ice-chilled heparin plasma sample and all currently available citrate buffer-containing tubes (Greiner Glucomedics, Greiner FC Mix and Sarstedt GlucoEXACT) and still widely used sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate (NaF/Kox) tubes from Greiner.
Methods:
Blood was collected from 20 healthy volunteers and 20 patients with diabetes into LiH, NaF/KOx, Glucomedics, FC mix and GlucoEXACT tubes. Glucose was measured within 30 min from blood sampling in duplicate on the Architect c8000 analyzer. Mean biases between all tube types were calculated and compared to the recommended criteria (1.95%). Additionally, glucose concentrations measured in all five tube types were compared using the Friedman test.
Results:
In the entire studied population, glucose concentrations measured in Glucomedics, FC mix and GlucoEXACT were higher (7.3%, 3.2% and 2.0%, respectively) than in the ice-chilled LiH tubes. When all glycolysis inhibitor-containing tubes were compared, Glucomedics tubes significantly differed from GlucoEXACT and FC mix tubes (biases −4.9% and 4.0%, respectively). In addition, there was a significant difference between the NaF/KOx tube and Glucomedics, as well as FC mix tubes (biases 7.1% and 3.0%, respectively).
Conclusions:
Glucose concentrations measured in recommended ice-chilled lithium heparin- and citrate buffer-containing tubes are not comparable. Significant biases exist between various glycolysis inhibitor-containing tubes; therefore, they cannot be used interchangeably.
Acknowledgments
We thank Greioner Bio-One, Sarstedt and Abbott Laboratories for providing the tubes and reagents required for conducting the study. We also thank Marija Culjak for her valuable contribution by performing all venipunctures in our study.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
References
1. Sacks DB, Arnold M, Bakris GL, Bruns DE, Horvath AR, Kirkman MS, et al. Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2011;34:e61–99.10.2337/dc11-9998Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
2. Dimeski G, Yow KS, Brown NN. What is the most suitable blood collection tube for glucose estimation? Ann Clin Biochem 2014;52:270–5.10.1177/0004563214544708Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
3. Juricic G, Milevoj Kopcinovic L, Saracevic A, Bakliza A, Simundic AM. Liquid citrate acidification introduces significant glucose bias and leads to misclassification of patients with diabetes. Clin Chem Lab Med 2016;54:363–71.10.1515/cclm-2015-0358Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
4. Juricic G, Saracevic A, Milevoj Kopcinovic L, Bakliza A, Simundic AM. The evidence for clinically significant bias in plasma glucose between liquid and lyophilized citrate buffer additive. Clin Biochem 2016;49:1402–5.10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.03.006Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
5. Pasqualetti S, Szőke D, Birindelli S, Dolci A, Panteghini M. Optimal collection tubes for plasma glucose determination: confusion reigns supreme. Clin Chem Lab Med 2016;54:e281–3.10.1515/cclm-2016-0137Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
6. Carta M, Montagnana M, Lo Cascio C, Bonetti G. Glucose sampling: importance of citrate. Ann Clin Biochem 2016;53:715–6.10.1177/0004563216645621Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Daly N, Flynn I, Carroll C, Stapleton M, O‘Kelly R, Turner M. Comparison of citrate-fluoride-EDTA with fluoride-EDTA additives to stabilize plasma glucose measurements in women being screened during pregnancy with an oral glucose tolerance test: a prospective observational study. Clin Chem 2016;62:886–7.10.1373/clinchem.2016.254466Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
8. van den Berg SA, Thelen MH, Salden LP, van Thiel SW, Boonen KJ. It takes acid, rather than ice, to freeze glucose. Sci Rep 2015;5:8875.10.1038/srep08875Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
9. Gambino R, Piscitelli J, Ackattupathil TA, Theriault JL, Andrin RD, Sanfilippo ML, et al. Acidification of blood is superior to sodium fluoride alone as an inhibitor of glycolysis. Clin Chem 2009;55:1019–21.10.1373/clinchem.2008.121707Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
10. Szoke D, Valente C, Panteghini M. Better blood collection tubes for plasma glucose: ready for prime time? Clin Chem Lab Med 2014;52:e87–9.10.1515/cclm-2013-1006Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
11. Ridefelt P, Akerfeldt T, Helmersson-Karlqvist J. Increased plasma glucose levels after change of recommendation from NaF to citrate blood collection tubes. Clin Biochem 2014;47:625–8.10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.02.022Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
12. Norman M, Jones I. The shift from fluoride/oxalate to acid citrate/fluoride blood collection tubes for glucose testing – the impact upon patients results. Clin Biochem 2014;47:683–5.10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.01.011Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
13. Nikolac N, Supak-Smolcic V, Simundic AM, Celap I. Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine: national recommendations for venous blood sampling. Biochem Med 2013;23:242–54.10.11613/BM.2013.031Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
14. Pasqualetti S, Braga F, Panteghini M. Pre-analytical and analytical aspects affecting clinical reliability of plasma glucose results. Clin Biochem 2017;50:587–94.10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.03.009Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
15. Pasqualetti S, Panteghini M. Clinical impact of glycolysis inhibition on plasma glucose results requires caution. Ann Clin Biochem 2017;54:302–3.10.1177/0004563216659091Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
16. van der Hagen EA, Kleefman AM, Thelen MH, van den Berg SA. Normalisation issues in glucose measurements using phlebotomy tubes with liquid additives. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017;55: e1–3.10.1515/cclm-2016-0225Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
17. del Pino IG, Constanso I, Mourín LV, Safont CB, Vázquez PR. Citric/citrate buffer: an effective antiglycolytic agent. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013;51:1943–9.10.1515/cclm-2012-0735Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
18. Carey R, Lunt H, Heenan HF, Frampton CM, Florkowski CM. Collection tubes containing citrate stabiliser over-estimate plasma glucose, when compared to other samples undergoing immediate plasma separation. Clin Biochem 2016;49:1406–11.10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.05.017Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
19. Dimeski G, Yow KS, Brown NN. Evaluation of the accuracy of the Greiner Bio-One FC Mix glucose tube. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017:55:e96–8.10.1515/cclm-2016-0611Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
20. Cornes M, van Dongen-Lases E, Grankvist K, Ibarz M, Kristensen G, Lippi G, et al. Order of blood draw: Opinion Paper by the European Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group for the Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE). Clin Chem Lab Med 2017;55:27–31.10.1515/cclm-2016-0426Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
21. Jones I, Böttiger AK. Methaemoglobin does not interfere with the analysis of glucose in Terumo Venosafe GlycaemiaTM tubes. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2013;73:189–91.10.3109/00365513.2012.744463Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
22. van der Hagen EA, Fokkert MJ, Kleefman AM, Thelen MH, van den Berg SA, Slingerland RJ. Technical and clinical validation of the Greiner FC-Mix glycaemia tube. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017;55:1530–6.10.1515/cclm-2016-0944Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
23. Lippi G, Cornes MP, Grankvist K, Nybo M, Simundic AM; Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE); European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM). EFLM WG-Preanalytical phase opinion paper: local validation of blood collection tubes in clinical laboratories. Clin Chem Lab Med 2016;54:755–60.10.1515/cclm-2015-1274Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Need for better PTH assays for clinical research and patient treatment
- Reviews
- Liquid biopsy in ovarian cancer: recent advances on circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA
- Hair testing of GHB: an everlasting issue in forensic toxicology
- Opinion Paper
- The use of error and uncertainty methods in the medical laboratory
- Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics
- Results of the first external quality assessment scheme (EQA) for isolation and analysis of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA)
- The importance of biochemical and genetic findings in the diagnosis of atypical Norrie disease
- General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- Various glycolysis inhibitor-containing tubes for glucose measurement cannot be used interchangeably due to clinically unacceptable biases between them
- Measurement uncertainty of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in human serum by four approaches using different quality assessment data
- Oxidation of PTH: in vivo feature or effect of preanalytical conditions?
- A comparison between high resolution serum protein electrophoresis and screening immunofixation for the detection of monoclonal gammopathies in serum
- The key incident monitoring and management system – history and role in quality improvement
- Is it necessary for all samples to quantify 25OHD2 and 25OHD3 using LC-MS/MS in clinical practice?
- Contamination of dried blood spots – an underestimated risk in newborn screening
- Comparative study of the diagnostic and prognostic value of antibodies against chimeric citrullinated synthetic peptides and CCP3/CCP3.1 assays
- Development and validation of a multivariable prediction rule for detecting a severe acquired ADAMTS13 activity deficiency in patients with thrombotic microangiopathies
- Use of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio to rule out preeclampsia requiring delivery in women with suspected disease. Is the evidence reproducible?
- Evaluation of a new free light chain ELISA assay: bringing coherence with electrophoretic methods
- Hematology and Coagulation
- The frequency of occurrence of fish-shaped red blood cells in different haematologic disorders
- Reference Values and Biological Variations
- Pediatric reference intervals for 29 Ortho VITROS 5600 immunoassays using the CALIPER cohort of healthy children and adolescents
- Cancer Diagnostics
- Prevalence and causes of abnormal PSA recovery
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Serum omentin-1 is a novel biomarker for predicting the functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients
- Letters to the Editor
- BD Vacutainer® Barricor tube in the emergency department: reduced hemolysis rates using partial draw tubes with reduced vacuum
- The risk of unjustified BRCA testing after the “Angelina Jolie effect”: how can we save (laboratory) medicine from the Internet?
- Sweat travels: the issue of sweat chloride transportation
- Individual values of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies do not correspond between antigen-specific assays
- False negative results caused by erroneous automated result interpretation algorithm on the FilmArray 2.0 instrument
- Quantification of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D – value of manufacturers’ product information
- Interference between ethosuximide and barbiturates in an immunochromatographic method
- In vivo interference of Ioversol in serum and urine capillary electrophoresis: an optimized protocol for sample collection
- Evaluation of the new Elecsys SCC assay: comparison with the Kryptor SCC assay
- Congress Abstracts
- 9th National Congress of the Portuguese Society of Clinical Chemistry, Genetics and Laboratory Medicine
- ACBI 2017 40TH Annual Conference
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Need for better PTH assays for clinical research and patient treatment
- Reviews
- Liquid biopsy in ovarian cancer: recent advances on circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA
- Hair testing of GHB: an everlasting issue in forensic toxicology
- Opinion Paper
- The use of error and uncertainty methods in the medical laboratory
- Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics
- Results of the first external quality assessment scheme (EQA) for isolation and analysis of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA)
- The importance of biochemical and genetic findings in the diagnosis of atypical Norrie disease
- General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- Various glycolysis inhibitor-containing tubes for glucose measurement cannot be used interchangeably due to clinically unacceptable biases between them
- Measurement uncertainty of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in human serum by four approaches using different quality assessment data
- Oxidation of PTH: in vivo feature or effect of preanalytical conditions?
- A comparison between high resolution serum protein electrophoresis and screening immunofixation for the detection of monoclonal gammopathies in serum
- The key incident monitoring and management system – history and role in quality improvement
- Is it necessary for all samples to quantify 25OHD2 and 25OHD3 using LC-MS/MS in clinical practice?
- Contamination of dried blood spots – an underestimated risk in newborn screening
- Comparative study of the diagnostic and prognostic value of antibodies against chimeric citrullinated synthetic peptides and CCP3/CCP3.1 assays
- Development and validation of a multivariable prediction rule for detecting a severe acquired ADAMTS13 activity deficiency in patients with thrombotic microangiopathies
- Use of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio to rule out preeclampsia requiring delivery in women with suspected disease. Is the evidence reproducible?
- Evaluation of a new free light chain ELISA assay: bringing coherence with electrophoretic methods
- Hematology and Coagulation
- The frequency of occurrence of fish-shaped red blood cells in different haematologic disorders
- Reference Values and Biological Variations
- Pediatric reference intervals for 29 Ortho VITROS 5600 immunoassays using the CALIPER cohort of healthy children and adolescents
- Cancer Diagnostics
- Prevalence and causes of abnormal PSA recovery
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Serum omentin-1 is a novel biomarker for predicting the functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients
- Letters to the Editor
- BD Vacutainer® Barricor tube in the emergency department: reduced hemolysis rates using partial draw tubes with reduced vacuum
- The risk of unjustified BRCA testing after the “Angelina Jolie effect”: how can we save (laboratory) medicine from the Internet?
- Sweat travels: the issue of sweat chloride transportation
- Individual values of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies do not correspond between antigen-specific assays
- False negative results caused by erroneous automated result interpretation algorithm on the FilmArray 2.0 instrument
- Quantification of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D – value of manufacturers’ product information
- Interference between ethosuximide and barbiturates in an immunochromatographic method
- In vivo interference of Ioversol in serum and urine capillary electrophoresis: an optimized protocol for sample collection
- Evaluation of the new Elecsys SCC assay: comparison with the Kryptor SCC assay
- Congress Abstracts
- 9th National Congress of the Portuguese Society of Clinical Chemistry, Genetics and Laboratory Medicine
- ACBI 2017 40TH Annual Conference