Repetitive harvesting of Macrocystis pyrifera (Phaeophyceae) and its effects on chemical constituents of economic value
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Renato Borras-Chavez
Renato Borras-Chavez obtained his Bachelor’s degree as a marine biologist at the Universidad Andres Bello, Chile, where he explored alternative and sustainable methods of kelp extraction, a topic that was followed up in depth while obtaining his MSc degree at San Diego State University. During this period he also studied how kelp harvesting and variation in environmental conditions impacted the different macromolecules and chemical constituents extracted from kelp. He is currently a PhD candidate at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, where he is working with the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in Antarctic ecosystems.
,
Matthew S. Edwards
Matthew S. Edwards is a coastal marine ecologist who specializes in rocky reef ecosystems. He received a PhD from the UCSC where he studied spatial scales of community organization in kelp forest ecosystems. He joined the faculty at San Diego State University in 2002. His research has focused on benthic ecology, with special attention on the role that algal microscopic life stages play in the recovery of populations following disturbance. Recently, his research has been examining how coastal ecosystems respond to environmental perturbations, and how patterns of biodiversity and Net Ecosystem production have been impacted by widespread losses of foundation species.
Dora Luz Arvizu-Higuera has a Bachelor’s degree in Biochemical Engineering from the Technological Institute of La Paz. She obtained a Master’s degree in Marine Science from the Interdisciplinary Center of Marine Sciences (CICIMAR-IPN). She has been a faculty member at CICIMAR since 1994, working as researcher at the Laboratory of Chemistry of Seaweeds in the Technologies Development Department. She has participated in 34 research projects. Her main area of study is the extraction of seaweed polysaccharides of commercial interest and more recently she has started a search for bioactive compounds in seaweeds.
Yoloxochitl Elizabeth Rodríguez-Montesinos studied Marine Biology at the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, and received her Master’s degree in Marine Sciences from the Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN) in La Paz BCS, Mexico, where she worked on projects assessing the extraction of algal polysaccharides of commercial interest from kelp beds. Her recent research has focused on a search for bioactive compounds in seaweeds.
Gustavo Hernández-Carmona is a Marine Biologist and Professor at the Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional in La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. He has a PhD from Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste at La Paz. He has published 57 scientific papers and graduated 25 students for advanced degrees. His specialty is the ecology of marine macroalgae, including
Macrocystis ,Sargassum ,Gracilaria and other commercially important species. He also has studied technologies for the extraction of algal polysaccharides (alginate and agar). Recently he has been studying the production of seaweed liquid extracts as biostimulant for agriculture.Diego Briceño-Domínguez has been a researcher and Professor at the Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Felipe Carrillo Puerto in Quintana Roo, Mexico since 2004. His MSc was awarded by the Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas del Instituto Politecnico Nacional working with the use of
Macrocystis pyrifera as a fertilizer. His research interests are the antioxidant properties of natural products. Additionally, Diego works with the different applications of Caribbean seaweed in industry. Diego is the CEO of BIOMAR A.C., an NGO which works on developing science and technology with young people from the Mayan area of Quintana Roo, Mexico.
Abstract
Kelp harvesting has increased globally in recent decades and is expected to continue rising as the demand for kelp-derived products for use in aquaculture and industrial applications increases. In response, numerous studies have examined how harvesting impacts kelp populations and their associated communities, but the effects of repeated harvesting of the same individuals on the chemical properties for which they are extracted remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap may be especially crucial in areas where the same kelps are necessarily harvested multiple times per year due to their overall low abundance. To address this, we examined how repetitive harvesting of the same individuals of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, over a 3-month period influences tissue chemical properties (i.e. alginate yield, viscosity and strength, nutritional quality, such as protein, carbohydrate, lipid, crude fiber, ash and energy content, and tissue carbon/nitrogen ratios). Our results indicate that, while these properties vary over time, presumably due to variability in oceanographic conditions, repetitive harvesting of the same individuals does not significantly impact these properties.
About the authors
Renato Borras-Chavez obtained his Bachelor’s degree as a marine biologist at the Universidad Andres Bello, Chile, where he explored alternative and sustainable methods of kelp extraction, a topic that was followed up in depth while obtaining his MSc degree at San Diego State University. During this period he also studied how kelp harvesting and variation in environmental conditions impacted the different macromolecules and chemical constituents extracted from kelp. He is currently a PhD candidate at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, where he is working with the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in Antarctic ecosystems.
Matthew S. Edwards is a coastal marine ecologist who specializes in rocky reef ecosystems. He received a PhD from the UCSC where he studied spatial scales of community organization in kelp forest ecosystems. He joined the faculty at San Diego State University in 2002. His research has focused on benthic ecology, with special attention on the role that algal microscopic life stages play in the recovery of populations following disturbance. Recently, his research has been examining how coastal ecosystems respond to environmental perturbations, and how patterns of biodiversity and Net Ecosystem production have been impacted by widespread losses of foundation species.
Dora Luz Arvizu-Higuera has a Bachelor’s degree in Biochemical Engineering from the Technological Institute of La Paz. She obtained a Master’s degree in Marine Science from the Interdisciplinary Center of Marine Sciences (CICIMAR-IPN). She has been a faculty member at CICIMAR since 1994, working as researcher at the Laboratory of Chemistry of Seaweeds in the Technologies Development Department. She has participated in 34 research projects. Her main area of study is the extraction of seaweed polysaccharides of commercial interest and more recently she has started a search for bioactive compounds in seaweeds.
Yoloxochitl Elizabeth Rodríguez-Montesinos studied Marine Biology at the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, and received her Master’s degree in Marine Sciences from the Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN) in La Paz BCS, Mexico, where she worked on projects assessing the extraction of algal polysaccharides of commercial interest from kelp beds. Her recent research has focused on a search for bioactive compounds in seaweeds.
Gustavo Hernández-Carmona is a Marine Biologist and Professor at the Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional in La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. He has a PhD from Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste at La Paz. He has published 57 scientific papers and graduated 25 students for advanced degrees. His specialty is the ecology of marine macroalgae, including Macrocystis, Sargassum, Gracilaria and other commercially important species. He also has studied technologies for the extraction of algal polysaccharides (alginate and agar). Recently he has been studying the production of seaweed liquid extracts as biostimulant for agriculture.
Diego Briceño-Domínguez has been a researcher and Professor at the Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Felipe Carrillo Puerto in Quintana Roo, Mexico since 2004. His MSc was awarded by the Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas del Instituto Politecnico Nacional working with the use of Macrocystis pyrifera as a fertilizer. His research interests are the antioxidant properties of natural products. Additionally, Diego works with the different applications of Caribbean seaweed in industry. Diego is the CEO of BIOMAR A.C., an NGO which works on developing science and technology with young people from the Mayan area of Quintana Roo, Mexico.
Acknowledgments
We thank A. Pesce and B. Bulach for their hard work collecting samples in Point Loma. This study is part of a master thesis partially financed by CONICYT-PCHA, Chile. Also, we appreciate all the assistance from the algal chemistry laboratory in La Paz, México. We thank D. Briceño and I. Cruz for their pure spirit and logistic help. We also thank Dr. Bernabé Santelices for valuable comments on early draft of the manuscript. For graphic assistance, we thanks to Eduardo Rodriguez and Yerko Cabrera. Finally, G. Hernández thanks the COFAA and EDI programs of the IPN. This is contribution number XLVII to SDSU’s Coastal and Marine Institute Laboratory.
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©2016 by De Gruyter
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- In this issue
- Research articles
- Genetic variation within and among asexual populations of Porphyra umbilicalis Kützing (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) in the Gulf of Maine, USA
- Notes on the marine algae of the Bermudas. 15. Dichotomaria huismanii (Galaxauraceae, Rhodophyta), a new species in the D. marginata complex from the western Atlantic
- First report of the Hawaiian genus Newhousia (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from Madang, Papua New Guinea and description of the new species N. yhaga sp. nov.
- No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica
- Infection process of Ceramium rubrum (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) on the agarophyte Gracilaria chilensis (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales)
- Repetitive harvesting of Macrocystis pyrifera (Phaeophyceae) and its effects on chemical constituents of economic value
- Short communications
- On two new records of rare Cystoseira taxa (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) from Greece (Eastern Mediterranean)
- New record of the pantropical seagrass Halophila decipiens Ostenfeld (Hydrocharitaceae) from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- In this issue
- Research articles
- Genetic variation within and among asexual populations of Porphyra umbilicalis Kützing (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) in the Gulf of Maine, USA
- Notes on the marine algae of the Bermudas. 15. Dichotomaria huismanii (Galaxauraceae, Rhodophyta), a new species in the D. marginata complex from the western Atlantic
- First report of the Hawaiian genus Newhousia (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from Madang, Papua New Guinea and description of the new species N. yhaga sp. nov.
- No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica
- Infection process of Ceramium rubrum (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) on the agarophyte Gracilaria chilensis (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales)
- Repetitive harvesting of Macrocystis pyrifera (Phaeophyceae) and its effects on chemical constituents of economic value
- Short communications
- On two new records of rare Cystoseira taxa (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) from Greece (Eastern Mediterranean)
- New record of the pantropical seagrass Halophila decipiens Ostenfeld (Hydrocharitaceae) from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
