2 Lignin-based polymers
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Rongxian Ou
Abstract
On the basis of the world’s continuing consumption of raw materials, there was an urgent need to seek sustainable resources. Lignin, the second naturally abundant biomass, accounts for 15-35% of the cell walls of terrestrial plants and is considered waste for low-cost applications such as thermal and electricity generation. The impressive characteristics of lignin, such as its high abundance, low density, biodegradability, antioxidation, antibacterial capability, and its CO2 neutrality and enhancement, render it an ideal candidate for developing new polymer/composite materials. In past decades, considerable works have been conducted to effectively utilize waste lignin as a component in polymer matrices for the production of highperformance lignin-based polymers. This chapter is intended to provide an overview of the recent advances and challenges involving lignin-based polymers utilizing lignin macromonomer and its derived monolignols. These lignin-based polymers include phenol resins, polyurethane resins, polyester resins, epoxy resins, etc. The structural characteristics and functions of lignin-based polymers are discussed in each section. In addition, we also try to divide various lignin reinforced polymer composites into different polymer matrices, which can be separated into thermoplastics, rubber, and thermosets composites. This chapter is expected to increase the interest of researchers worldwide in lignin-based polymers and develop new ideas in this field.
Abstract
On the basis of the world’s continuing consumption of raw materials, there was an urgent need to seek sustainable resources. Lignin, the second naturally abundant biomass, accounts for 15-35% of the cell walls of terrestrial plants and is considered waste for low-cost applications such as thermal and electricity generation. The impressive characteristics of lignin, such as its high abundance, low density, biodegradability, antioxidation, antibacterial capability, and its CO2 neutrality and enhancement, render it an ideal candidate for developing new polymer/composite materials. In past decades, considerable works have been conducted to effectively utilize waste lignin as a component in polymer matrices for the production of highperformance lignin-based polymers. This chapter is intended to provide an overview of the recent advances and challenges involving lignin-based polymers utilizing lignin macromonomer and its derived monolignols. These lignin-based polymers include phenol resins, polyurethane resins, polyester resins, epoxy resins, etc. The structural characteristics and functions of lignin-based polymers are discussed in each section. In addition, we also try to divide various lignin reinforced polymer composites into different polymer matrices, which can be separated into thermoplastics, rubber, and thermosets composites. This chapter is expected to increase the interest of researchers worldwide in lignin-based polymers and develop new ideas in this field.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- List of contributing authors XI
- 1 Introduction: biopolymers and biocomposites 1
- 2 Lignin-based polymers 27
- 3 Cellulose-based polymers 65
- 4 Plant oil-based polymers 113
- 5 Bio-based polyurethane aqueous dispersions 155
- 6 Soybean-based polymers and composites 189
- 7 Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) 209
- 8 Bio-based polyhydroxyalkanoates blends and composites 235
- 9 Biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) based polymer and composites 255
- 10 Biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-coterephthalate) (PBAT) 279
- 11 Bio-based polyamide 309
- 12 Biodegradable shape-memory polymers and composites 331
- 13 Poly(glycerol sebacate) – a revolutionary biopolymer 353
- Index 375
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Frontmatter I
- Contents V
- List of contributing authors XI
- 1 Introduction: biopolymers and biocomposites 1
- 2 Lignin-based polymers 27
- 3 Cellulose-based polymers 65
- 4 Plant oil-based polymers 113
- 5 Bio-based polyurethane aqueous dispersions 155
- 6 Soybean-based polymers and composites 189
- 7 Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) 209
- 8 Bio-based polyhydroxyalkanoates blends and composites 235
- 9 Biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) based polymer and composites 255
- 10 Biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-coterephthalate) (PBAT) 279
- 11 Bio-based polyamide 309
- 12 Biodegradable shape-memory polymers and composites 331
- 13 Poly(glycerol sebacate) – a revolutionary biopolymer 353
- Index 375
