Lingua Historica Germanica

This volume examines a special, methodologically underexplored form of translation: the intralingual and diachronic translation of literary texts from earlier stages of German, in particular Middle High German. The chapters offer surveys, case studies, and methodological reflections from the perspectives of Germanic medieval studies, translation studies, linguistics, and lexicography.

In order to counteract introspective approaches and the detailed analysis of individual cases in historical grammar research, this volume brings together essays by experts working on the empirical analysis of (text)grammatical structures in Old German and Middle High German texts, also taking into account sociolinguistic parameters. These scholars have developed promising concepts and outline their projects here.

Martin Luther was not just a great reformer and bible translator, but also an extremely pugnacious and, in his argumentation, sometimes polemical contemporary. This form of linguistic aggression is very clearly expressed in his pamphlet "Against the Papacy of Rome, Founded by the Devil" of 1545. This volume reveals the linguistic means that he used to implement this by undertaking a practical argumentation analysis.

This volume presents the rules of health that the Jew of Salms composed for Count Johann von Sponheim as well as his German translation of the ‘Circa instans’, one of the most significant medieval books of medicine. The comments accompanying the edition of these texts addresses their language characteristics as well as their history and position within the context of medical literature.

The Compendium of the Jew of Salms is an encyclopaedic work in which the author compiled his knowledge of different fields of medicine in the late 1420s. He enriched the insights that had been adopted by renowned authorities with his own vast experience, meaning that his compendium provides a multifaceted, comprehensive insight into the theory and practice of late medieval medicine.

This fragment, discovered in Admont, has enriched the history of the oldest German book with a fascinating new chapter. The ‘Admonter Abrogans’ alphabetises and modernises the word inventory but preserves the distinctiveness of the archetype. This edition and its examinations of the fragment delve into the border zone between Frankish and Alemannic and prove that later work done on ‘Abrogans’ formed a core part of its transmission early on.

This study describes the structural characteristics of different types of relative clauses and their occurrence in a corpus of sixteen Middle Low German texts. It analyzes the potential influence of their dates of origin, text types, and language areas. The research contributes substantially developing a variation-sensitive Middle Low German grammar.

This study examines from a cultural and linguistic perspective the Erzehlungen aus den mittlern Zeiten [Hundred Old Tales] (1624), the first German translation of the Italian Novellino (1572). The publication of the Erzehlungen in conjunction with the Fruitbearing Society’s advocacy for language and culture illustrates important and previously neglected aspects of this language society’s translation practice.

The study of drypoint glosses regularly produces new discoveries that prompt scholars to reconsider the record of Old High German glosses. This volume presents glosses newly discovered in four manuscripts from Freising. Along with previously known glosses, they are analyzed and commented from paleographic, linguistic, and functional points of view. The conclusion offers a reassessment of extant early Freising glosses.

Both figures and dialog scenes in fictional texts were considered marginal in medieval studies and historical linguistic research for a long time. This study uses character dialog as a method of approaching the characterization of male protagonists in Gottfried’s Tristan. It connects linguistic and literary analysis to open up new perspectives on both the characters and the medium of character dialog.

This volume features articles on historical morphology, word formation, lexicography, syntax, historical studies of technical and written language, medieval German literature, and historiography. All are focused on language change, offering new perspectives on the diachronous shifts between and within German’s linguistic levels.

This book provides an insight into the standardisation process of German in eighteenth-century Austria. It describes how norms prescribed by grammarians were actually implemented via a school reform carried out by educationalist Johann Ignaz Felbiger on the order of Empress Maria Theresa. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were undertaken of certain Upper German features (e-apocope, the absence of the prefix ge- and the ending -t in past participles, and variants of the verb form sind) in reading primers, issues of the Wienerisches Diarium / Wiener Zeitung and petitionary letters. These reveal how such variants became increasingly 'invisible' in writing. This process of 'invisibilisation', i.e. a process of stigmatization which prevents the use of certain varieties and variants in writing, can be attributed to a number of factors: Empress Maria Theresa's appeal for a language reform, the normative work by eighteenth-century grammarians, the implementation of educational reforms, and the early introduction of East Central German variants in newspaper issues.

In the early modern period, title pages differed significantly in size, layout, informational content, and linguistic presentation from a typical title page today. This study focuses on the syntax of title pages during the 16^th and 17^th century. Based on a corpus of over 600 examples, it examines the syntactic structures and linguistic principles underlying early modern title pages.

Medieval and early modern medical treatises are a major source for understanding how people wrote about the body, illness, and healing during different phases of European linguistic and cultural history. Research on the landscape of older medical works also relates to the present, by developing historical comparisons between historical medical concepts and their expression and today’s perspectives and terminology.

In the 18^th and 19^th centuries, newspaper publishing saw a major upsurge: the daily newspaper spread as an alternative to existing weekly newspapers and expanded the scope of available text types. "Newspeak" had considerable influence over the development of the German language. Projects to digitalize newspapers, as presented by this edited volume, help to illuminate this history.

For the first time, this study describes Old High German using the comprehensive approach of text linguistics. It starts by examining the linguistic characteristics of Old High German in its contextual frameworks from a sociopragmatic perspective. It then proceeds to a text grammatical analysis of selected texts. Combining these two approaches yields new insights.

Based on phonological and morphological phenomena in German, the authors explore the relationship between regularity and irregularity. They discuss diachronic, contrastive, and typological aspects such as the occurrence, maintenance, and breakdown of irregularity, the role of variation, change, and language contact, and whether irregular/regular is a dichotomy or if instead, one should conceptualize a continuum of different degrees of regularity.

The essays in this volume explore the role of morphosemantic categories such as gender and number in the development and transformation of declension and distinction classes as well as grammatical and pragmatic congruence systems in German. Based on empirical data and facts about language change and language acquisition, they show the relevance of these issues for morphological theory development.

As words and word formation units are adopted from other languages, a process of naturalization begins. This study investigates the graphematic assimilation of foreign words into German during the 19^th century. It examines the factors that favor or inhibit adaptation to native relationships of phonemes to graphemes and focuses scholarly attention on the relationship between written usage and codification.

Liturgy and literature have had a complex historical relationship. This applies equally to the culture of the Middle Ages, so heavily influenced by Christianity, as well as to the modern era. This book studies exemplary cases from a range of disciplines (linguistics, literary studies, history, philosophy, and theology) to illuminate overlap and disjunction between the two domains. It thus explores a long-neglected field of study.

The further back one goes in history, the more difficult it is to uncover, describe, and interpret the conventions of linguistic usage in earlier societies; in addition, the medium of writing requires special consideration. Based on the latest research, the 20 essays in this volume offer suggestions and models as applied to different stages of language, types of texts, specific linguistic problems, and methodological approaches.

Ekkehart IV of Saint Gall (c.980–c.1060) was the favorite pupil of Notker III (Notker der Deutsche). This volume seeks to critically reevaluate earlier research and to open new perspectives on his diverse works as seen from various disciplinary perspectives (German studies, Middle Latin studies, historiography, and musicology), with a special focus on the German glosses attributed to him and on his renowned Casus Sancti Galli.

This book offers insights into the methods of research on scientific language and scientific prose – the two basic research approaches for studying specialized historical texts. It presents analyses of medieval and early modern texts drawn from different subfields to document both traditional methodology and newer options for research made possible by recent technological advances.

This study examines the Early New High German prose romance Melusine by Thüring von Ringoltingen to explore the relationship between the practice of printing and language change. Based on a corpus of over 30 print editions of the Melusine (published from 1473/74 to 1692/93), the study analyzes factors favoring variance and consistency in print editions, written language, and changes at the textual level.

For the first time, this volume combines linguistic analysis of glosses with cultural and archeological sources to develop a detailed presentation of Old High German names of weapons, covering the entire period of the Middle Ages. The dictionary of weapon names fills a major void in research and will serve as a valuable tool for researchers in cultural and literary studies.

Der vorliegende Sammelband verfolgt das Ziel, aktuelle Arbeiten und Forschungsergebnisse der Sondersprachenforschung mit "arkanlinguistischem" Bezug zusammenzuführen, sie kritisch zu diskutieren und zu hinterfragen und durch diese Bündelung explizit auch eine Linguistik des Arkanen zu konturieren. Hierzu wird der Gegenstandsbereich bewusst weit gefasst. Der Band thematisiert solche Gruppensprachen, deren Teilhaber einerseits gesellschaftliche Abgrenzung wünschen oder Diskretion suchen und/oder sich andererseits mit einem Mysterium in der einen oder anderen Form konfrontiert sehen. In der Zusammenstellung der Beiträge wurde daher zum einen eine möglichst vielseitige linguistische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Gegenstandsbereich angestrebt, gleichzeitig finden sich aber auch zu einem kleineren Anteil Beiträge der Geschichtswissenschaften, der Mediävistik und der Literaturwissenschaften, die den rein linguistischen Blickwinkel erweitern. Dieser weitgesteckte Rahmen erlaubt eine Auseinandersetzung sowohl mit spirituellen Bezügen in der Sprache der historischen Medizin als auch mit der Geheimbundthematik im modernen Roman, mit diskreten Gesellschaften wie Illuminaten und Freimaurern ebenso wie mit sprachlichen Phänomenen, bei denen der Referent nicht nur außersprachlich, sondern gleichermaßen außerweltlich situiert ist. Das Jenische im Internet wird genauso thematisiert wie Aspekte der Sakralsprache oder der Sprache der Magie. Zweck des Sammelbandes ist es, die Relevanz sondersprachlicher Forschung zu unterstreichen, ihr neue Impulse zu verleihen sowie ein Themenspektrum für die Linguistik zu erschließen, das, von verstreuten Einzeluntersuchungen abgesehen, bisher nicht unter dem Aspekt der Zusammengehörigkeit im Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit stand. Hierbei bietet sich auch die Chance, Diskurszusammenhänge zu beleuchten, die bisher vollständig unberücksichtigt blieben.

Der Band bietet einen Überblick über die aktuelle Situation der germanistischen Sprachgeschichtsschreibung. Er versammelt 20 Beiträge aus drei großen Gegenstandsbereichen: zu historiographietheoretischen Aspekten (Theorien, Begriffen, Methoden), zur Sprachsystemgeschichte (der historischen Grammatik sowie der historischen Lexikologie und Lexikographie), sowie zur Geschichte sprachlicher Variation (zu Varietäten, Textsorten, Autoren, Diskursen). Der Band zeigt methodologisch wie thematisch neue Wege der Sprachgeschichtsschreibung auf und repräsentiert die Vielfalt der aktuellen methodischen Ansätze - von der traditionellen Philologie bis zur Diskurs- und Korpuslinguistik. Darüber hinaus verdeutlichen die Beiträge, dass in der heutigen Historiolinguistik das Selbstverständnis als Kulturgeschichtsschreibung paradigmatisch ist, und beleuchten insbesondere sozial-, mentalitäts- und bewusstseinsgeschichtliche Aspekte.

"Oh dieses Zeitungsdeutsch! Dieses unselige Zeitungsdeutsch" ist seit den Anfängen des deutschen Zeitungswesens immer wieder Gegenstand kontroverser Diskussionen, die im 19. Jahrhundert in einen regelrechten Krieg zu münden scheinen. Die Zeitung entwickelte sich jetzt erstmals zu einem multifunktionalen Massenmedium und wurde von der Sprachwissenschaft entsprechend als wichtiger Baustein schriftsprachlicher Standardisierungsprozesse betrachtet. Dennoch wurde ihre zeitgenössische Wahrnehmung bislang keiner eingehenden wissenschaftlichen Betrachtung unterzogen. Tina Theobald schließt diese Lücke, indem sie das Denken über die Wechselwirkung zwischen Presse- und Sprachentwicklung im 19. Jahrhundert rekonstruiert. In einer breit angelegten Diskursanalyse untersucht sie, welche Personen sich über den Einfluss der Presse äußern, welche Kritikpunkte sie vorbringen, und vor allem, wie diese motiviert sind. Indem die Studie die kritische Reflexion über die Presse in Beziehung setzt zu den zeitgenössischen Entwicklungen, bietet sie einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Presse-, Sprachgebrauchs- und Sprachbewusstseinsgeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts.

julius Pflug (1499-1564), bekannt als katholischer Bischof von Naumburg, kämpfte sein Leben lang für die Einheit der Kirche. Als konservativer Diener Gottes hatte er sich der katholischen Kirche verpflichtet, war aber dennoch innovativ und stets auf einen Ausgleich zwischen den zerstrittenen zwei großen Konfessionen, dem Katholizismus und dem Protestantismus, bedacht. Die Schreibsprachanalyse, zu der ein umfangreiches Glossar mit Worterklärungen und Stellennachweisen gehört, bietet die Möglichkeit zu eruieren, ob und inwiefern sich Pflugs Bemühungen um einen Ausgleich zwischen diesen Konfessionen in seiner Schreibsprache niederschlagen. Dabei wird deutlich, dass er sich im Spannungsfeld von regionalen Schreibtraditionen und konfessioneller Ausrichtung bewegt. Ein bisher noch unveröffentlichtes Streit- bzw. Lehrgespräch zwischen zwei Protestanten und einem Katholiken liegt nun ediert vor. Diese Edition leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Erforschung der Reformation.

This volume brings together studies on manuscripts and the oldest printed books that are stored in the memory institutions of Olomouc or that are connected with Olomouc through their origins or provenance. The interdisciplinary and material-based studies do not just deal with the exemplars themselves and the texts or illuminations they contain but also with their owners, producers, and the people who commissioned them

This monograph analyzes mid-sentence capitalization in German witch interrogation transcripts from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It focuses on the influence of animacy, semantic role, and syntactic function on capitalization, examining these factors both in isolation from and in interaction with each other.

Gregory the Great’s Regula pastoralis is one of the most heavily glossed Old High German texts. A comprehensive presentation of these glosses has been missing so far and will not possible as long as some of the most important sources still have not been reviewed. These include the glosses of manuscripts Clm 6277 and Clm 18550a. This volume is the first to present an edition of these glosses with both linguistic and paleographic commentary.