Schriften der Forschungsstelle "Entartete Kunst"
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Edited by:
Uwe Fleckner
Bis heute sind diese Themen nicht ausreichend aufgearbeitet. Mit den Bänden der Schriftenreihe werden der Öffentlichkeit die Forschungsergebnisse der Mitarbeiter der Forschungsstelle vorgelegt. Die einzelnen Bände vereinen jeweils Arbeiten verschiedener Autoren zu einem Schwerpunktthema.
Topics
The Tower of Blue Horses by Franz Marc, confiscated as "degenerate" and missing since then, Emil Nolde’s "Unpainted Pictures" from the time of his occupational ban, or Ernst Barlach’s dismantled, partly destroyed memorials constitute works by three key representatives of Expressionism now inscribed in German cultural history as symbols of the National Socialist persecution of art. The art of Barlach, Marc and Nolde, however, was not only defamed in the most vehement manner, but also celebrated, protected or rehabilitated as "German". In her well-sourced insight into museum, exhibition and publication practices between 1933 and 1945, Isgard Kracht exposes the mechanisms and myths of Nazi art policy, and so retells the story of Expressionism’s veneration and ostracism during the "Third Reich".
- Fundamental contribution to an understanding of National Socialist art policy
- New Perspectives on the History of veneration and ostracism of Expressionist art during the "Third Reich"
Hildebrand Gurlitt was one of the art dealers who were commissioned to sell so-called “degenerate” artworks confiscated from German museums in 1937. Around 400 artworks from this context remained in his possession. They are housed in the Kunstmuseum Bern as the Cornelius Gurlitt Legacy. The volume is based on extensive research on the origins of the Hildebrand Gurlitt’s art collection. It addresses the position of the museum director and curator Gurlitt with respect to German Modernism and his role as an art dealer during the National Socialist era and in the postwar period. Further essays analyze et al. his activities in the context of the National Socialist politics of art and persecution and critically examine strategies in the art business after 1945. The catalogue contains all of the artworks in the Cornelius Gurlitt Legacy connected with the action to confiscate “degenerate art.”
The National Socialist arts policy denounced Otto Dix (1891–1969) and his verist oeuvre for "endangering public morality" and "adversely affecting the fighting spirit of the German people." Dix reacted by becoming a painter who oscillated in motifs and style between conservatism and critical commentary, and sought recognition despite being defamed. This forced, radical artistic transformation also led to "concealed," in part subversive or contradictory iconographies, to which this book is dedicated. The painter’s art is analyzed against the backdrop of developments in the arts policy in Germany and the Weimar Republic until into the postwar period; all genres—landscapes, portraits, and (Christian) figurative pictures—are examined.
Writing a history of art dealing in the Third Reich presents a special challenge, not only because of the difficult situation regarding source material. The actors’ activities are enmeshed in outrageous contradictions involving complicity and sabotage. The range of issues includes the day-to-day business of art dealers through to the resistance to restrictive regulations, from auction trade through to black market, from numerous crimes involving not only Jewish collectors and dealers, through to art theft in countries occupied by German forces.
In this book, art historians and economic historians investigate the art market and its mechanisms under National Socialism, the role of art theft and, in particular, that of modern and "degenerate" works of art in the art market.
Günther Franke (1900–1976) had a legendary reputation as a dealer for modern art. Starting in 1923, he built a network of artists, collectors, and museums in Munich and became an important gallerist and dealer for the works of Max Beckmann and Ernst Wilhelm Nay. The publication offers an insightful presentation of Franke as art dealer, collector, and benefactor, and on the history of his art dealership, particularly during the Nazi period.
On the pretext of the "Malverbot" (a cease and desist order disallowing painting), many German painters and sculptors after 1945 portrayed themselves in a one-sided way as persecuted artists. The reason given is often just the fact that they were represented at the "Entartete Kunst" exhibition with just one item of work. This does not take into account the fact that, apart from that, most artists were not troubled, and even benefited from public commissions. After the war, it was soon forgotten how everyday artists' activities were organized under the regulations issued by the "Reichskammer der bildenden Künste". What were the working conditions for artists and dealers? Was it forbidden to collect modern art? The book focuses for the first time on these legal aspects of art history under National Socialism.
The internal contradictions in National Socialist art policy were expressed with particular intensity in its reception of Expressionism, whose works were the focal point of banishment while simultaneously drawn upon to support ideological battles within the Nazi party. This source edition with commentary is devoted to a historical analysis of these contradictions.