Volume 139, Issue 1

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag ediert, übersetzt und kommentiert eine bislang unveröffentlichte μίσθωσις des Jahres 226 n. Chr. über die Dattelernte eines Palmengartens aus Philadelphia im Arsinoites (= P.Freib. 76). Der μίσθωσις liegt ein Angebot in Form eines Hypomnema zugrunde. Der Eigentümer des Grundstücks ist ein Kaiserpriester und νεωκόρος des großen Sarapis, den vor Ort ein φροντιστής vertritt. Neben Standardklauseln weist das Angebot auch noch Besonderheiten auf: So zahlen die fünf Misthōsiswilligen neben dem φόρος auch eine weitere Summe an den Eigentümer für Bewachung und Befruchtung der Dattelpalmen. Anhang I erörtert, ob mit weiteren Ausfertigungen des Vertrages zu rechnen ist, Anhang II versucht eine Teilrekonstruktion von P.Tebt. I 158 und Anhang III setzt sich mit der Frage der adäquaten juristischen Terminologie zur Beschreibung einer μίσθωσις auseinander.

Zusammenfassung Der Vorrang der Pfandgläubiger wegen der Finanzierung des Erwerbs einer Sache im klassischen römischen Recht . Es fehlt an Quellenbelegen zur (privilegierten) Position eines Pfandgläubigers, der den Erwerb einer Sache finanzierte. Eine umfassende Regelung zur Erlangung und Vollstreckung dieser Sicherheit gibt es nicht. Dernburg meinte daher, dass ein Zufallselement daran beteiligt gewesen sei, ob der Geldgeber ein privilegiertes Pfandrecht hatte oder nicht. In diesem Artikel wird untersucht, unter welchen Umständen der finanzierende Pfandgläubiger Vorrang vor früheren Pfandgläubigern hatte. Es hing hauptsächlich von der konkreten Vereinbarung der Parteien und der Herkunft des für die Anschaffung verwendeten Geldes ab, ob sein Pfandrecht privilegiert war. Mehrere Texte zeigen, wie er seine Interessen schützen konnte, indem er beispielsweise den Kaufpreis direkt an den Verkäufer zahlte. Es bleibt jedoch unklar, wie Rangstreitigkeiten zwischen dem finanzierenden Pfandgläubiger und anderen privilegierten Pfandgläubigern gelöst wurden.

The longi temporis praescriptio in Diocletian’s rescripts. The concept of longi temporis praescriptio , as it appears from the sources, is essentially the work of the lawyers in Diocletian’s chancellery. Taking a comprehensive approach that also extends to usucapio , they establish two firmly defined prerequisites: titulus as the objective element, that is given a technical denomination for the first time, and bona fides , understood as the good faith of the possessor. The praescriptio is thus transformed into an institute of substantive law, which not only corresponds to the replacement of formulary by cognition procedure, but is also in line with the already existing relation to the person of the owner. In this way, Diocletian’s jurists develop the available legal material in a thoroughly innovative manner.

This article discusses the Coptic donations of children from the monastery of St. Phoibammon in Western Thebes. These documents, unparalleled elsewhere, attest the donations of free boys made by their parents to the local monastery. In the first part of this article, previous scholarship on the donations is reviewed. In the second part, the various ways in which parents could surrender their children both in legal practice and statutory law are compared to the donations of boys. Finally, the third part offers a comprehensive analysis of these donations within a wider social and legal context.

Ius quod necessitas constituit, Senatusconsultum est. Jacques Cujas and the foundation of the normative power of the Roman Senate . Jacqes Cujas identifies in his Paratitla, in his Observationes and extensively in the texts of his posthumously collected lectures, necessity to be the source and foundation of the normative power of the Roman Senate. In doing so, he revisited, rectified and refined the achievements of the medieval jurists, he connected literary and legal sources with philological precision and historical awareness, and achieved results, which are also particularly useful to the contemporary historiographical and historical legal reflection. This study attempts to render all these aspects, on the basis of the numerous testimonies in the Opera omnia, showing the context and the implications.

Legum Multitudo. Discussions and Perspectives on the Occasion of a Translation . On the occasion of the Spanish translation of his study on the leges publicae in Roman private law, the author clarifies some of his own statements which were subsequently misunderstood and criticized, before commenting on parallel developments in this field of research over the last ­decade, especially on the revaluation of the  leges regiae . The new results confirm the importance which the Romans attached to the  lex ; the role played by other forms of written sources of law also emerges, that taken together with the activity of jurists leads to a more complex and realistic picture of the Roman legal system – without diminishing the importance of jurisprudence.

D. 19,1,23 Iulianus libro 13 digestorum. Read as a contribution to the classical doctrine of id quod interest , D. 19,1,23 Iul. 13 dig. has often puzzled the reader. Julian seems to overcompensate a buyer for no good reason, only to be brusquely corrected by Marcellus. There may be a non-trivial explanation for Julian’s reasoning, especially once the palingenetical context is taken into account.

The readings of the only witness of the Edictum Theoderici, Pithou’s 1579 editio princeps , have often been misreported by modern editors. Unnecessary conjectures and editorial errors have sometimes even eliminated those true readings which give information about the disputed origin and authorship of the Edictum: At least, one law certainly shows the individual hand of Cassiodorus. Further errors in modern editions are corrected in the paper’s appendix.

This article shows how Roman law and ecclesiastical law combined and could lead to a generation of norms that were not normative but practical. The focus lies on the question of how the coexistence or intermixture of Roman and ecclesiastical law played out. What do we know about the processes of norm generation that were conditioned by legal pluralism in the early Middle Ages? Is it sufficient to label these phenomena with the term ‘legal pluralism’, or is the term ‘multinormativity’ more appropriate? This study focuses on the normative enactments on child abandonment in Roman and ecclesiastical law and their adoption in the legal practice of the formulae . In addition, the provision of the 18 th canon of the Synod of Mâcon (581/583) on perjury and its connection to Roman law, as well as the inheritance provision of the 12 th formula of the second book of the Formulae Marculfi are discussed.

The article examines the various forms of signatures on offers for a μίσθωσις of land with regard to a conclusion of a contract. Reference is made to Peter Herrmann’s thesis (1958), which says that offers in the form of hypomnemata are seen as an empty form from a certain point in time onwards.

The article discusses the question how a μίσθωσις of properties can become binding for the parties according to the greco-egyptian documents. It tries to show that Hans Julius Wolff’s teaching of the „Zweckverfügung“ is not sustainable for the conclusion of a μίσθωσις of properties. Instead of modifying this teaching (Behrend, Herrmann and Kränzlein), which is not indicated by the documents, the μίσθωσις of properties in the greco-egyptian documents can also be seen as a binding contract, and its liability is based on the consensus of the parties.