Volume 11, Issue 2

Within the health-related promotion of physical activity (more intensive) forms of sport activities are not seen as a necessary option (Michelini, 2015). In this paper, this position is compared with the perspective of the sport system on sport as medium of health promotion. Within a systems theoretical framework (Luhmann, 1984), the German Olympic Sports Confederation and German Health Ministry programmes are analysed and contrasted (Mayring, 2003). The documents reveal different perspectives on sport as a medium of health promotion. Moreover, different systemic logics lead to communications which often aim to protect organisational meanings and competences from the external interference of other systems. In this context, the health system's logic appears to be more dominant. This may lead to an evolution of sport system programmes that is shaped by reacting to the operations of the health system. Zusammenfassung In der gesundheitsbezogenen Förderung der Bewegung wird (intensivere) sportliche Aktivität nicht als zwingende Option vom Gesundheitssystem angesehen (Michelini, 2015). Diese Ansicht wird verglichen mit der Perspektive des Sportsystems auf den Sport als Gesundheitsmedium. Auf der Grundlage eines systemtheoretischen Rahmens (Luhmann, 1984) wurden die Programme des Deutschen Olympischen Sportbundes und des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit analysiert und kontrastiert (Mayring, 2003). Die Dokumente zeigen unterschiedliche Perspektiven auf den Sport als Gesundheitsmedium. Verschiedene systemische Logiken führen jedoch zu Kommunikationen, welche darauf abzielen, organisationale Bedeutungen und Kompetenzen gegenüber der Interferenz von anderen Systemen zu schützen. In diesem Zusammenhang ist die Logik des Gesundheitssystems dominanter. Das kann zu einer Entwicklung der Programme des Sportsystems führen, die von der Reaktion auf die Operationen des Gesundheitssystems geleitet ist.

The aim of this study was to determine German households' willingness to pay for medal success. For this purpose, 332 German households from an online panel were surveyed using the contingent valuation method. Of those surveyed, 22.9% reported being willing to pay more taxes for the promotion of elite sport. In the group of respondents who were willing to pay either the current amount of taxes or more, the mean willingness to pay was €6.86. Results of regression analyses indicate that individual and social benefits and the perceived individual debt burden of Germany have a significant impact on the general willingness to pay. The amount respondents are willing to pay is affected significantly by considerations of personal profit, social benefit, and individual tax burdens.

In this contribution, we start by briefly describing die recommendations of die German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) advisory commission ,Doping in Germany 4 before turning to focus on die prospects for implementation of tiiese recommendations. We explore what potential obstacles are posed by die problem of doping itself, what additional challenges arise in addressing die problem in concrete practical terms, and what general consequences could result if die measures are implemented in a (purely) symbolic, politically motivated way. Based on die example of die ,anti- doping clause' in federal government decisions granting aid for die promotion of competitive sports, we show how measures against corporate actors are currentiy being implemented.