Volume 15, Issue 3

In recent years, regulators in various parts of the world have capped interchange fees on debit and credit cards. The justification for the caps rests to a large extent on the argument that these cards have, for certain merchants, become must-take cards rather than “wanna-take cards.” That is, there are merchants who accept payment cards not because they bring net convenience benefits but out of fear of losing profitable business to card-accepting competitors. This paper presents an original approach that allows to quantify, for the first time, the relative importance of the two motivations. We find, for the case of France in 2008, that the must-take phenomenon effectively exists, but that it applies to only 5.8–19.8 percent of the card-accepting merchants and to a mere 3.9–13.5 percent of all retailers.

The protection of financial personal data has become a major concern for Internet users in the digital economy. This paper investigates whether the consumers’ use of non-bank payment instruments that preserve financial privacy from banks and relatives may increase their online purchases. We analyze the purchasing decisions and the use of bank and non-bank payment instruments of a representative sample of French Internet consumers in 2015. Using two econometric methods, namely a two-step regression and a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo model to account for a potential endogeneity problem, we find evidence that the use of a non-bank payment instrument positively influences consumers’ online purchases.