Volume 8, Issue 4

This is a brief exposition on the uses of non-commutative fundamental groups in the study of Diophantine problems.

We present a method to construct non-singular cubic surfaces over ℚ with a Galois invariant double-six. We start with cubic surfaces in the hexahedral form of L. Cremona and Th. Reye. For these, we develop an explicit version of Galois descent.

We give a new proof showing that it is not possible to define in monadic second-order logic (MSO) a choice function on the infinite binary tree. This result was first obtained by Gurevich and Shelah using set theoretical arguments. Our proof is much simpler and only uses basic tools from automata theory. We show how the result can be used to prove the inherent ambiguity of languages of infinite trees. In a second part we strengthen the result of the non-existence of an MSO-definable well-founded order on the infinite binary tree by showing that every infinite binary tree with a well-founded order has an undecidable MSO-theory.

Assume that no cardinal κ < 2ω is quasi-measurable (κ is quasi-measurable if there exists a κ-additive ideal of subsets of κ such that the Boolean algebra P(κ)/ satisfies c.c.c.). We show that for a metrizable separable space X and a proper c.c.c. σ-ideal II of subsets of X that has a Borel base, each point-finite cover ⊆ $$ \mathbb{I} $$ of X contains uncountably many pairwise disjoint subfamilies , with $$ \mathbb{I} $$-Bernstein unions ∪ (a subset A ⊆ X is $$ \mathbb{I} $$-Bernstein if A and X \ A meet each Borel $$ \mathbb{I} $$-positive subset B ⊆ X). This result is a generalization of the Four Poles Theorem (see [1]) and results from [2] and [4].

The concept of a deductive system has been intensively studied in algebraic logic, per se and in connection with various types of filters. In this paper we introduce an axiomatization which shows how several resembling theorems that had been separately proved for various algebras of logic can be given unique proofs within this axiomatic framework. We thus recapture theorems already known in the literature, as well as new ones. As a by-product we introduce the class of pre-BCK algebras.

A Lorentz surface of an indefinite space form is called a parallel surface if its second fundamental form is parallel with respect to the Van der Waerden-Bortolotti connection. Such surfaces are locally invariant under the reflection with respect to the normal space at each point. Parallel surfaces are important in geometry as well as in general relativity since extrinsic invariants of such surfaces do not change from point to point. Recently, parallel Lorentz surfaces in 4D neutral pseudo Euclidean 4-space $$ \mathbb{E}_2^4 $$ and in neutral pseudo 4-sphere S 24 (1) were classified in [14] and in [10], respectively. In this paper, we completely classify parallel Lorentz surfaces in neutral pseudo hyperbolic 4-space H 24 (−1). Our main result states that there are 53 families of parallel Lorentz surfaces in H 24 (−1). Conversely, every parallel Lorentz surface in H 24 (−1) is obtained from the 53 families. As an immediate by-product, we achieve the complete classification of all parallel Lorentz surfaces in 4D neutral indefinite space forms.

In this paper we introduce paraquaternionic CR-submanifolds of almost paraquaternionic hermitian manifolds and state some basic results on their differential geometry. We also study a class of semi-Riemannian submersions from paraquaternionic CR-submanifolds of paraquaternionic Kähler manifolds.

We present a few results and problems related to spaces of continuous functions with the topology of pointwise convergence and the classes of LΣ(≤ ω)-spaces; in particular, we prove that every Gul’ko compact space of cardinality less or equal to $$ \mathfrak{c} $$ is an LΣ(≤ ω)-space.

We consider the sample covariance matrices of large data matrices which have i.i.d. complex matrix entries and which are non-square in the sense that the difference between the number of rows and the number of columns tends to infinity. We show that the second-order correlation function of the characteristic polynomial of the sample covariance matrix is asymptotically given by the sine kernel in the bulk of the spectrum and by the Airy kernel at the edge of the spectrum. Similar results are given for real sample covariance matrices.

Border bases are an alternative to Gröbner bases. The former have several more desirable properties. In this paper some constructions and operations on border bases are presented. Namely; the case of a restriction of an ideal to a polynomial ring (in a smaller number of variables), the case of the intersection of two ideals, and the case of the kernel of a homomorphism of polynomial rings. These constructions are applied to the ideal of relations and to factorizable derivations.

The distribution of the vector (|ζ(s, α)|; ζ(s, α)), where ζ(s, α) is the Hurwitz zeta-function with transcendental parameter α, is considered and a probabilistic limit theorem is obtained. Also, the dependence between |ζ(s, α)| and ζ(s, α) in terms of m-characteristic transforms is discussed.

The least-squares method is used to obtain a stable algorithm for a system of linear inequalities as well as linear and nonlinear programming. For these problems the solution with minimal norm for a system of linear inequalities is found by solving the non-negative least-squares (NNLS) problem. Approximate and exact solutions of these problems are discussed. Attention is mainly paid to finding the initial solution to an LP problem. For this purpose an NNLS problem is formulated, enabling finding the initial solution to the primal or dual problem, which may turn out to be optimal. The presented methods are primarily suitable for ill-conditioned and degenerate problems, as well as for LP problems for which the initial solution is not known. The algorithms are illustrated using some test problems.

In this paper, we show the backward uniqueness in time of solutions to nonlinear integro-differential systems with Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions. We also discuss reasonable physical interpretations for our conclusions.

In the present paper we introduce and investigate weighted statistical approximation properties of a q-analogue of the Baskakov and Baskakov-Kantorovich operators. By using a weighted modulus of smoothness, we give some direct estimations for error in the case 0 < q < 1.