Volume 8, Issue 3

A metric space M is said to have the fibered approximation property in dimension n (briefly, M ∈ FAP(n)) if for any ɛ > 0, m ≥ 0 and any map g: $$ \mathbb{I} $$ m × $$ \mathbb{I} $$ n → M there exists a map g′: $$ \mathbb{I} $$ m × $$ \mathbb{I} $$ n → M such that g′ is ɛ-homotopic to g and dim g′ ({z} × $$ \mathbb{I} $$ n) ≤ n for all z ∈ $$ \mathbb{I} $$ m. The class of spaces having the FAP(n)-property is investigated in this paper. The main theorems are applied to obtain generalizations of some results due to Uspenskij [11] and Tuncali-Valov [10].

Given a model 2-complex K P of a group presentation P, we associate to it an integer matrix ΔP and we prove that a cellular map f: K P → S 2 is root free (is not strongly surjective) if and only if the diophantine linear system ΔP Y = $$ \overrightarrow {deg} $$(f) has an integer solution, here $$ \overrightarrow {deg} $$(f)is the so-called vector-degree of f

In this paper, we classify polynomial translation surfaces in Euclidean 3-space satisfying the Jacobi condition with respect to the Gaussian curvature, the mean curvature and the second Gaussian curvature.

We introduce anti-invariant Riemannian submersions from almost Hermitian manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. We give an example, investigate the geometry of foliations which are arisen from the definition of a Riemannian submersion and check the harmonicity of such submersions. We also find necessary and sufficient conditions for a Langrangian Riemannian submersion, a special anti-invariant Riemannian submersion, to be totally geodesic. Moreover, we obtain decomposition theorems for the total manifold of such submersions.

We provide combinatorial as well as probabilistic interpretations for the q-analogue of the Pochhammer k-symbol introduced by Díaz and Teruel. We introduce q-analogues of the Mellin transform in order to study the q-analogue of the k-gamma distribution.

A dominating set of a graph is a set of vertices such that every vertex not in the set is adjacent to a vertex in the set, while a paired-dominating set of a graph is a dominating set such that the subgraph induced by the dominating set contains a perfect matching. In this paper, we show that no minimum degree is sufficient to guarantee the existence of a disjoint dominating set and a paired-dominating set. However, we prove that the vertex set of every cubic graph can be partitioned into a dominating set and a paired-dominating set.

A set S of vertices of a graph G = (V, E) without isolated vertex is a total dominating set if every vertex of V(G) is adjacent to some vertex in S. The total domination number γ t(G) is the minimum cardinality of a total dominating set of G. The total domination subdivision number sdγt (G) is the minimum number of edges that must be subdivided (each edge in G can be subdivided at most once) in order to increase the total domination number. Karami, Khoeilar, Sheikholeslami and Khodkar, (Graphs and Combinatorics, 2009, 25, 727–733) proved that for any connected graph G of order n ≥ 3, sdγ t(G) ≤ 2γ t(G) − 1 and posed the following problem: Characterize the graphs that achieve the aforementioned upper bound. In this paper we first prove that sdγ t(G) ≤ 2α′(G) for every connected graph G of order n ≥ 3 and δ(G) ≥ 2 where α′(G) is the maximum number of edges in a matching in G and then we characterize all connected graphs G with sdγ t(G)=2γt(G)−1.

We derive several new transformations relating WP-Bailey pairs. We also consider the corresponding transformations relating standard Bailey pairs, and as a consequence, derive some quite general expansions for products of theta functions which can also be expressed as certain types of Lambert series.

Zeta-generalized-Euler-constant functions, $$ \gamma \left( s \right): = \sum\limits_{k = 1}^\infty {\left( {\frac{1} {{k^s }} - \int_k^{k + 1} {\frac{{dx}} {{x^s }}} } \right)} $$ and $$ \tilde \gamma \left( s \right): = \sum\limits_{k = 1}^\infty {\left( { - 1} \right)^{k + 1} \left( {\frac{1} {{k^s }} - \int_k^{k + 1} {\frac{{dx}} {{x^s }}} } \right)} $$ defined on the closed interval [0, ∞), where γ(1) is the Euler-Mascheroni constant and $$ \tilde \gamma $$(1) = ln $$ \frac{4} {\pi } $$, are studied and estimated with high accuracy.

The Cauchy problem for the higher order equations in the mKdV hierarchy is investigated with data in the spaces $$ \hat H_s^r \left( \mathbb{R} \right) $$ defined by the norm $$ \left\| {v_0 } \right\|_{\hat H_s^r \left( \mathbb{R} \right)} : = \left\| {\left\langle \xi \right\rangle ^s \widehat{v_0 }} \right\|_{L_\xi ^{r'} } , \left\langle \xi \right\rangle = \left( {1 + \xi ^2 } \right)^{\frac{1} {2}} , \frac{1} {r} + \frac{1} {{r'}} = 1 $$. Local well-posedness for the jth equation is shown in the parameter range 2 ≥ 1, r > 1, s ≥ $$ \frac{{2j - 1}} {{2r'}} $$. The proof uses an appropriate variant of the Fourier restriction norm method. A counterexample is discussed to show that the Cauchy problem for equations of this type is in general ill-posed in the C 0-uniform sense, if s < $$ \frac{{2j - 1}} {{2r'}} $$. The results for r = 2 — so far in the literature only if j = 1 (mKdV) or j = 2 — can be combined with the higher order conservation laws for the mKdV equation to obtain global well-posedness of the jth equation in H s(ℝ) for s ≥ $$ \frac{{j + 1}} {2} $$, if j is odd, and for s ≥ $$ \frac{j} {2} $$, if j is even. — The Cauchy problem for the jth equation in the KdV hierarchy with data in $$ \hat H_s^r \left( \mathbb{R} \right) $$ cannot be solved by Picard iteration, if r > $$ \frac{{2j}} {{2j - 1}} $$, independent of the size of s ∈ ℝ. Especially for j ≥ 2 we have C 2-ill-posedness in H s(ℝ). With similar arguments as used before in the mKdV context it is shown that this problem is locally well-posed in $$ \hat H_s^r \left( \mathbb{R} \right) $$, if 1 < r ≤ $$ \frac{{2j}} {{2j - 1}} $$ and $$ s > j - \frac{3} {2} - \frac{1} {{2j}} + \frac{{2j - 1}} {{2r'}} $$. For KdV itself the lower bound on s is pushed further down to $$ s > max\left( { - \frac{1} {2} - \frac{1} {{2r'}} - \frac{1} {4} - \frac{{11}} {{8r'}}} \right) $$, where r ∈ (1,2). These results rely on the contraction mapping principle, and the flow map is real analytic.

A model of coupled parabolic and ordinary differential equations for a heterogeneous catalytic reaction is considered and the existence and uniqueness theorem of the classic solution is proved.

The paper addresses the existence and uniqueness of entropy solutions for the degenerate triply nonlinear problem: b(v)t − div α(v, ▽g(v)) = f on Q:= (0, T) × Ω with the initial condition b(v(0, ·)) = b(v 0) on Ω and the nonhomogeneous boundary condition “v = u” on some part of the boundary (0, T) × ∂Ω”. The function g is continuous locally Lipschitz continuous and has a flat region [A 1, A 2,] with A 1 ≤ 0 ≤ A 2 so that the problem is of parabolic-hyperbolic type.

We study unbounded Hermitian operators with dense domain in Hilbert space. As is known, the obstruction for a Hermitian operator to be selfadjoint or to have selfadjoint extensions is measured by a pair of deficiency indices, and associated deficiency spaces; but in practical problems, the direct computation of these indices can be difficult. Instead, in this paper we identify additional structures that throw light on the problem. We will attack the problem of computing deficiency spaces for a single Hermitian operator with dense domain in a Hilbert space which occurs in a duality relation with a second Hermitian operator, often in the same Hilbert space.

Let A and B be unital, semisimple commutative Banach algebras with the maximal ideal spaces M A and M B, respectively, and let r(a) be the spectral radius of a. We show that if T: A → B is a surjective mapping, not assumed to be linear, satisfying r(T(a) + T(b)) = r(a + b) for all a; b ∈ A, then there exist a homeomorphism φ: M B → M A and a closed and open subset K of M B such that $$ \widehat{T\left( a \right)}\left( y \right) = \left\{ \begin{gathered} \widehat{T\left( e \right)}\left( y \right)\hat a\left( {\phi \left( y \right)} \right) y \in K \hfill \\ \widehat{T\left( e \right)}\left( y \right)\overline {\hat a\left( {\phi \left( y \right)} \right)} y \in M_\mathcal{B} \backslash K \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right. $$ for all a ∈ A, where e is unit element of A. If, in addition, $$ \widehat{T\left( e \right)} = 1 $$ and $$ \widehat{T\left( {ie} \right)} = i $$ on M B, then T is an algebra isomorphism.

We present an axiomatic characterization of entropies with properties of branching, continuity, and weighted additivity. We deliberately do not assume that the entropies are symmetric. The resulting entropies are generalizations of the entropies of degree α, including the Shannon entropy as the case α = 1. Such “weighted” entropies have potential applications to the “utility of gambling” problem.

Huffman, Park and Skoug established several results involving Fourier-Feynman transform and convolution for functionals in a Banach algebra S on the classical Wiener space. Chang, Kim and Yoo extended these results to abstract Wiener space for a more generalized Fresnel class $$ \mathcal{F}_{\mathcal{A}_1 ,\mathcal{A}_2 } $$ A1,A2 than the Fresnel class $$ \mathcal{F} $$(B)which corresponds to the Banach algebra S. In this paper we study Fourier-Feynman transform, convolution and first variation of unbounded functionals on abstract Wiener space having the form $$ F\left( x \right) = G\left( x \right)\psi \left( {\left( {\vec e,x} \right)^ \sim } \right) $$, where G∈$$ \mathcal{F} $$(B)and Ψ = ψ + ϕ with ψ ∈ L 1(ℝn) and ϕ is the Fourier transform of a complex Borel measure of bounded variation on ℝn. We also prove a translation theorem for the analytic Feynman integral of the above functionals.