Band 26, Heft 6

Total variation (TV) based models have been used widely in multiplicative denoising problem. However, these models are always accompanied by an unsatisfactory effect named staircase due to the property of BV space. In this paper, we present two high-order variational models based on total generalized variation (TGV) for two kinds of multiplicative noises. The proposed models reduce the staircase while preserving the edges. In the meantime we develop an efficient algorithm which is called Prediction-Correction proximal alternative direction method of multipliers (PADMM) to solve our models. Moreover, we show the convergence of our algorithm under certain conditions. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our high-order models outperform the classical TV-based models in PSNR and SSIM values.

Image quality in tomographic applications depends strongly on the precise knowledge of the geometrical parameters of x-ray source and detector. However, in some situations these geometrical data are not immediately available. One way to overcome this problem is to use calibration phantoms which consist of several opaque markers in a known geometry. A main question is what properties are needed in order to reliably determine the searched for geometry data. In this paper we give sufficient conditions for the calibration phantom such that the reconstruction problem has a unique solution. We also use our theoretical approach to derive a numerical method which can determine the needed geometry data. Our analyses show that this numerical method is stable and that the solutions are as good as those of standard nonlinear procedures like Gauss–Newton-type methods. Furthermore, our new algorithm is much faster than standard methods and it also does not depend on initial values.

Quasi-Newton acceleration is an interesting tool to improve the performance of numerical methods based on the fixed-point paradigm. In this paper, a briefly description of the compartmental model employed for a typical task in perfusion imaging is presented. Next, a quasi-Newton strategy for accelerating the convergence of fixed-point iterations is analyzed. For that, classical secant updates are considered. Finally, the quasi-Newton strategy is applied on the practical problem of represent the kinetic behavior of a PET (Positron Emission Tomography) tracer during cardiac perfusion. The performance of the method when applied to real data problems is illustrated numerically.

The limited-angle computed tomography (CT) reconstruction problem is an ill-posed inverse problem, and the parameter selection for limited-angle CT iteration reconstruction is a difficult issue in practical application. In this paper, to alleviate the instability of limited-angle CT reconstruction problem and automatize the reconstruction process, we propose an adaptive iteration reconstruction method that the regularization parameter is chosen adaptively via the plot of the normalized wavelet coefficients fitting residual versus that the ℓ0{\ell_{0}} regularization part. The experimental results show that the reconstructed images using the method with adapted regularization parameter are almost as good as that using the non-adapted parameter method in terms of visual inspection, in addition, our method has an advantage in adaptively choosing the regularization parameter.

We investigate the nonlinear minimization problem on a convex closed set in a Hilbert space. It is shown that the uniform conditional well-posedness of a class of problems with weakly lower semicontinuous functionals is the necessary and sufficient condition for existence of regularization procedures with accuracy estimates uniform on this class. We also establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of regularizing operators which do not use information on the error level in input data. Similar results were previously known for regularization procedures of solving ill-posed inverse problems.

Restricted by the practical applications and radiation exposure of computed tomography (CT), the obtained projection data is usually incomplete, which may lead to a limited-angle reconstruction problem. Whereas reconstructing an object from limited-angle projection views is a challenging and ill-posed inverse problem. Fortunately, the regularization methods offer an effective way to deal with that. Recently, several researchers are absorbed in ℓ1{\ell_{1}} regularization to address such problem, but it has some problems for suppressing the limited-angle slope artifacts around edges due to incomplete projection data. In this paper, in order to surmount the ill-posedness, a non-smooth and non-convex method that is based on ℓ0{\ell_{0}} and ℓ1{\ell_{1}} regularization is presented to better deal with the limited-angle problem. Firstly, the splitting technique is utilized to deal with the presented approach called LWPC-ST-IHT. Afterwards, some propositions and convergence analysis of the presented approach are established. Numerical implementations show that our approach is more capable of suppressing the slope artifacts compared with the classical and state of the art iterative reconstruction algorithms.

The inverse coefficient problem for the nonlinear convection-diffusion-reaction equation is considered. A velocity vector and a mass-transfer coefficient are considered as the unknown coefficients and are recovered with the help of the additional information about the boundary value problem’s solution. The inverse coefficient problem is reduced to a two-parameter problem of multiplicative control, the solvability of which is proved in a general form. For a cubic reaction coefficient the local stability estimates of the control problem’s solutions are obtained regarding to a rather small perturbation of either the cost functional or the specified functions of the boundary value problem.

We introduce the concept of very weak solution to a Cauchy problem for elliptic equations. The Cauchy problem is regularized by a well-posed non-local boundary value problem whose solution is also understood in a very weak sense. A stable finite difference scheme is suggested for solving the non-local boundary value problem and then applied to stabilizing the Cauchy problem. Some numerical examples are presented for showing the efficiency of the method.

In this paper a problem of specifying HIV-infection parameters and immune response using additional measurements of the concentrations of the T-lymphocytes, the free virus and the immune effectors at fixed times for a mathematical model of HIV dynamics is investigated numerically. The problem of the parameter specifying of the mathematical model (an inverse problem) is reduced to a problem of minimizing an objective function describing the deviation of the simulation results from the experimental data. A genetic algorithm for solving the least squares function minimization problem is implemented and investigated. The results of a numerical solution of the inverse problem are analyzed.