Volume 36, Issue 1

Introduction Metabolic-Associated Steatohepatitis-Related Liver Disease (MASLD) and, its progressive form, Metabolic-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) pose significant global health challenges. Current therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic abnormalities have shown promise but lack specificity for the liver. Thyroid hormones, particularly thyroid hormone receptor beta (THR-β) agonists like resmetirom, offer a targeted approach to liver-related pathways. Content A network meta-analysis (NMA) comparing different doses of resmetirom to placebo for MASLD and MASH was conducted. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Efficacy outcomes included histological, radiological, and biochemical parameters, while safety outcomes comprised adverse events and treatment discontinuation. Summary Resmetirom demonstrated dose-dependent efficacy in histological and radiological assessments, with the 100 mg dose showing superior MASH resolution and hepatic fat reduction. Biochemical markers indicated improved liver function with resmetirom treatment. However, adverse events, particularly diarrhea and nausea, were more prevalent in the resmetirom group, leading to higher treatment discontinuation rates. Outlook Resmetirom shows promise as a therapeutic option for MASLD and MASH management, with significant improvements in liver health parameters. However, safety concerns warrant careful monitoring in clinical practice. Further research is needed to optimize its long-term safety and efficacy.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder marked by repeated episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep, which leads to intermittent hypoxia and fragmented sleep. These disruptions negatively impact cardiovascular health, metabolic function, and overall quality of life. Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for OSA, as it contributes to both anatomical and physiological mechanisms that increase the likelihood of airway collapse during sleep. While continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy remains the gold standard for OSA treatment, its limitations – particularly issues with patient adherence – underscore the need for alternative or adjunct therapeutic options. One such option is the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), which are widely recognized for their ability to reduce body weight and improve metabolic health. Emerging evidence suggests that GLP-1 RAs may offer therapeutic benefits in managing OSA, particularly by addressing obesity, a key contributor to the condition. This narrative review seeks to explore the role of GLP-1 RAs in the treatment of OSA, evaluating their efficacy in reducing OSA severity and discussing their broader clinical implications for future research and practice.

Objectives The pervasiveness of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rapidly increasing worldwide, with physical inactivity being one of the major risk factors. Hand grip strength (HGS) is an important indicator of overall physical functioning and has been associated with various health-related outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of physical activity on the HGS of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, it scrutinizes the relationship between physical activity and HGS in terms of sex. Methods A cross-sectional study including a total of 140 patients with T2DM was performed. Physical activity levels were assessed via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). HGS was measured via a Camry digital handgrip dynamometer. Statistical analysis was performed via SPSS software, and statistical approaches such as ANOVA, Pearson correlation and t tests were used. Results The results of this research will contribute to the detection of the influence of physical activity and its association with HGS. These findings reveal that physical activity has a significant effect on HGS and that there is a positive correlation between physical activity and increased hand grip strength in individuals with T2DM. Conclusions The outcomes offer valuable insights into physical activity and muscle strength, which can aid in the early detection of physical disability. The findings of this study will be valuable for healthcare providers and professionals to suggest relevant physical activities for diabetic patients.

Objectives Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is regarded as a serious illness characterized by high levels of blood sugar due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. T2DM affects millions of people worldwide and is the primary reason for morbidity and mortality. Thus, it is essential to analyze the effect of T2DM on patients. Even though prevailing research has strived to identify the impact of T2DM on several ailments like cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. It has disregarded few aspects like pulmonary function, duration of diabetes, and glycemic status. The present study investigates the effect of T2DM on pulmonary function in relation to glycaemia status and duration of diabetes. Methods The cross-sectional research is performed on a total of 140 patients with T2DM from the Medical Department. Further, the congregated sample is investigated using SPSS software. The relevant statistical methods are utilized to analyze the research results. The ANOVA analysis reveals the impact of T2DM on pulmonary function; further, the correlation analysis unveils the association among glycemic status, pulmonary function of patients, and duration of diabetes with T2DM. Results The outcomes of the research will contribute to revealing the impact of T2DM on pulmonary function in relation to glycemic status and diabetes duration. Conclusions The outcomes offer valuable insights into the lung function of patients with T2DM and help in prior treatment for enhancing the pulmonary health. Finally, the proposed research will aid healthcare professionals in better management of T2DM in patients and its related complications.

Objectives Acute myocardial infarction is a critical medical condition that poses a significant risk to life. It is distinguished by the abrupt cessation of blood flow to a specific segment of the cardiac muscle. Acute myocardial infarction accounts for more than 15 % of global mortality annually. Methods and Results A total of 433 young patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome – myocardial infarction underwent thrombolysis with fibrin specific agents followed by underwent diagnostic coronary angiogram between 01.09.2021 and 31.10.2022. The odds ratio showed a value of 1.973, which is much higher than the individuals with diabetes (0.306). Young individuals (25.9 %) with hypertension have a greater chance of recovery by thrombolysis. Conclusions The factors that contribute for the myocardial infarction should be recognized and addressed. Recognizing and addressing these risk factors through education, lifestyle modifications, and early intervention are crucial for preventing myocardial infarction and promoting good health.

Objectives Numerous studies show that the adipokines play a role in on the thyroid axis. The aim of this study was the evaluation of serum level of CTRP-3 and CTRP-6 as a member of the adipokines family in patients with Hashimoto’s. Methods The levels of CTRP-3 and CTRP-6 were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 70 subjects (35 newly diagnosed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 35 healthy subjects). Their relationship with the thyroid hormone and some biochemical factors was analyzed. Results The levels of CTRP3 and CTRP6 in patients with Hashimoto’s disease were higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between CTRP3 and TSH levels (r=0.286 and p=0.017). There was a significant relationship between CTRP3 and Fasting Blood Sugar (r=0.249 and p=0.038). There was a significant inverse negative correlation between CTRP6 levels and T3 (r=−0.269 and p=0.024), and T4 (r=−0.272 and p=0.023). Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between CTRP6 serum levels and TSH serum levels (r=0.397 and p=0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between CTRP6 levels and Cholesterol (r=0.351 and p=0.003), and LDL (r=−0.244 and p=0.042). Conclusions Finally, our results demonstrated that serum levels of CTRP3 and CTRP6 are higher in patients with Hashimoto’s compared to the control group and probably play a role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.