Volume 20, Issue 6 -

Compared to other types of synchronization such as complete synchronization and lag synchronization, there is a unique advantage in projective synchronization since it can greatly improve the security of communication. In this paper, the projective synchronization problem of a class of chaotic neural networks with time-varying delay is investigated via designing a novel adaptive controller. Some simple and useful criteria are derived by employing Lyapunov functional method and Lagrange mean value theorem. Finally, an example and its numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes. It is worth to mention that the designed controller in this paper dos not require any knowledge about the activation functions, which can be seen the main novelty of the paper.

The objective of this article is to use a recent developed scheme to simulate reaction-diffusion-chemotaxis equations. The solution gradient required for an accurate discretization is computed directly as an additional variable rather than interpolated from solution values around neighboring computational nodes. To achieve this goal, a supplementary equation and its associated control volume are introduced to retain a compact and accurate discretization. Scheme essentials are exposed by the numerical analysis on two-dimensional chemotaxis problems to reveal its formal accuracy. Due to its highly comprehensible and practical features, this formulation can be easily extended to solve problems for other two-dimensional rectangular grid systems. One- and two-dimensional problems are solved to verify its simulation accuracy and to study the possible formation of bacteria bands. We further perform the linearization technique to the reaction term to increase the stability of the current scheme. From the numerical analysis and computational results, it is found that the present formulation is a useful tool to solve reaction-diffusion-chemotaxis equations.

This article presents a theoretical study of magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow of a dusty viscoelastic fluid over a porous stretching sheet. The basic steady equations of the viscoelastic second grade fluid and dust phases are in the form of partial differential equations. A set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations is obtained by using suitable similarity transformations. The approximate first order solutions of the resulting equations are obtained using the perturbation technique. The results are also verified with the well-known finite difference technique known as Keller box method. The physical insight of the involved parameters on the velocity of both fluid and dust phases and the skin-friction coefficient is shown through graphs and tables and discussed in detail. The study shows that an increased effective viscosity increases the velocity of both fluid and particle phase.

This manuscript develops a numerical approach for approximating the solution of the fractional Riccati differential equation (FRDE): Dμu(x)+a(x)u2(x)+b(x)u(x)=g(x),0≤μ≤1,0≤x≤t,u(0)=d,$$\begin{align*}D^{\mu}&u(x)+a(x) u^2(x)+b(x) u(x)= g(x),\quad 0\leq \mu \leq 1,\quad 0\leq x \leq t,\\&u(0)=d,\end{align*}$$ where u ( x ) is the unknown function, a ( x ), b ( x ) and g ( x ) are known continuous functions defined in [0, t ] and d is a real constant. The proposed method is applied for solving the FRDE with shifted Chebyshev polynomials as basis functions. In addition, the convergence analysis of the suggested approach is investigated. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated by means of several examples and the results compared with those given using other numerical schemes.

Immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is a classic treatment for superficial bladder cancer. Although BCG instillation is a well-established protocol, some patients do not respond to this treatment. To model improvement of this protocol, Bunimovich-Mendrazitsky (B-M) et al. provided a platform for in silico testing of modified protocols of BCG instillation and combination with IL-2. The purpose of this work is to improve and further develop this BCG model describing the tumor–immune interactions occurring in the bladder in response to BCG and IL-2 therapies, based on novel clinical data. To validate this BCG model, we used the results of BCG treatment of 10 patients with bladder cancer 3-5 years ago. Individual data for each patient was entered to simulate the model. As a result, a treatment protocol was obtained which coincided with the protocol assigned by the doctor. In addition, cancer cell growth graphs were obtained from the model simulations, which coincided with the clinical conclusions of the patient’s treatment outcome. Moreover, the program provides a more optimal treatment protocol for each patient. We show that calculated protocols from the model can prevent excess side effects of immunotherapy and even of unnecessary death for some patients, informing the clinical potential of our model.

In this work, we study complexiton solutions to a (2+1)-dimensional (SK) equation and a (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation. The complexiton solutions are combinations of trigonometric function waves and exponential function waves. For this goal, the extended transformed rational function method is carried out which is based on the Hirota bilinear forms of the considered equations and provides a systematical and convenient tool for constructing the exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations.

We describe and analyze the weighted extended b -spline (WEB-Spline) mesh-free finite element method for solving the p -biharmonic problem. The WEB-Spline method uses weighted extended b -splines as basis functions on regular grids and does not require any mesh generation which eliminates a difficult, time consuming preprocessing step. Accurate approximations are possible with relatively low-dimensional subspaces. We perform some numerical experiments to demonstrate the efficiency of the WEB-Spline method.

A complete symmetry group classification for the system of shallow water equations with the horizontal temperature gradient, also known as Ripa system, is presented. A rigorous and systematic procedure based on the general invariants of the adjoint representation is used to construct the one-dimensional optimal system of the Lie algebra. The complete inequivalence class of the group invariant solutions are obtained by using the one-dimensional optimal system. One such solution of the Ripa system is used to study the evolutionary behaviour of the discontinuity wave.

The Mittag–Leffler function (MLF) plays an important role in many applications of fractional calculus, establishing a connection between exponential and power law behaviors that characterize integer and fractional order phenomena, respectively. Nevertheless, the numerical computation of the MLF poses problems both of accuracy and convergence. In this paper, we study the calculation of the 2-parameter MLF by using polynomial computation and integral formulas. For the particular cases having Laplace transform (LT) the method relies on the inversion of the LT using the fast Fourier transform. Experiments with two other available methods compare also the computational time and accuracy. The 3-parameter MLF and its calculation are also considered.