Volume 8, Issue 3

The importance of labour regulation in influencing innovative activity has attracted significant attention in the literature. What has not been adequately explored is the role played by different categories of such laws. In this context, employing state-level data for India during 1992–2010, we investigate how political federalism interacts with labour laws to influence innovative activity. Our findings suggest that although certain labour laws foster innovation, its complementarities with political federalism end up dampening innovation. These results call into question the widely held view of the innovation-enhancing effects of labour laws and suggest that the hitherto unaddressed political channel might have an important role to play in this regard.

The construction industry is one of the riskiest industries with a large number of deaths and injuries every year. Large amounts of money are spent annually on workers’ compensation. Thus, it is important to investigate the factors which affect accident compensation in the eyes of judges. In this research paper, we utilized the court case reports available in HKLII from 2000 to 2015. Most of the victims have studied in secondary schools, are aged between 30 and 49 and have a monthly salary of less than HK$20,000. All the data were then analyzed and summarized by the content analysis method. After that, we used the Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation and System-GMM dynamic panel econometrics method to study the dynamic relationship between these factors and the compensation for accidents. Academically, analysis of accident compensation in the past usually depended on analysis by the labour department. There is a limited number of quantitative court case reports analysis based on economic modelling. Furthermore, none of the previous research utilized the dynamic panel technique to study the relationships. It also fills the gap of the research in identifying whether non-Cantonese speakers are in disadvantage positions when they seek for compensation, longer hearings favour the contractors and whether mental disorder after accident shall lead to larger amount of compensation. Practically, the research offer important information for contractors and employers who may need to pay compensation due to workers’ accidents. The results show that non-Cantonese speakers receive less compensation as compared to locals and court cases with longer hearings are usually associated with larger amount of compensation. There is, however, no significant difference between victims with and without mental disorder in terms of compensation.

The dynamic panel data (DPD) model and application of Difference and System GMM estimators has great advantages to address endogeneity of law enforcement variables and measurement error in reporting of crimes in economic models of crime as well as controlling for fixed effects and avoiding dynamic panel bias. Meanwhile, neglecting instrument proliferation which is very common and uncommonly detected in these models can lead to misleading and unreliable results. Bolding this warning and presenting available techniques to control for this potential danger is the main mission of this note.

The patent assertion entity (PAE) which known as “the world, particularly severe impact in the US Specifically, in 2013, the report entitled “Patent Assertion and US Innovation” issued by the National Economic Council and Council of Economic Advisers of the US clearly reflected the significant harm of patent assertion toward the economic development of the country. Moreover, the Congress of the United States planned to reconsider the Innovation Act for combating PAEs at the beginning of May. The ongoing discussion in the Congress implies that analyzing the 2015 proposed Innovation Act is important for finding appropriate solutions to solve the remaining problem regarding the abuse of patent litigation in the US, specifically, Patent Trolling activity costs the US economy billions of dollars per year. The IT industry is the main target of patent trollers, briefly, due to the standard for considering the eligibility criteria for a software patent is still weak. Admittedly, many legal scholars believe that the proposed bill will be the significant tool for solving the abuse of patent litigation. For this reason, this research will analyze the major provisions in the proposed bill. Additionally, related cases in the US also will be addressed in this research, for instance, the case between Octane Fitness, LLC and ICON Health & Fitness, Inc. which will be discussed herein. This paper will define the concept of the patent assertion or patent troll and examine the relationship with IT industry. The paper will then clarify the significant role of the Innovation Act 2015 in the patent assertion. Further, this thesis will compare the major provisions of the Innovation Bill 2015 by separating into five main issues with the regulatory framework in Japan and Taiwan, study the rules which were laid down in the landmark cases to understand the court interpretation and propose the suggestion for selected countries to address aforementioned problem. In other words, an analysis of the Patent Assertion Entities situation in Japan and Taiwan will be conducted focusing on the regulatory framework for preventing patent troll and its activities because Japanese and Taiwanese IT Industry normally be targeted by foreign patent trollers. This situation led to the defensive measures issued by the Japanese and Taiwanese government which will be addressed in this paper. A comparative study of the Innovation bill and the domestic laws of Taiwan, Japan, and related factors will be analyzed herein.

This study attempts to empirically evaluate the importance of exports growth in economic growth of Pakistan from 1972–2015, as exports growth plays as an engine in growth of economies. For that purpose this study applied Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Model Approach to regress the included variables and the empirical results obtained from regression analysis of the variables shows that exports growth plays an encouraging and noteworthy role in economic growth of Pakistan. The study also recommends that an effective socio, economic political change is required to bring a fruitful increase in exports growth of Pakistan.

The global financial crisis (GFC) has been defined as the worst financial crisis after the Great Depression of the 1930s. Reforms underway, as well as debates in discussion, revolve around both regulatory philosophy and approaches towards better supervisory outcomes. One of the most radical institutional reforms took place in the United Kingdom (UK), where the Twin-Peak model replaced the previous fully integrated regulator – the Financial Services Authority (FSA) under the Financial Services Act 2012. This paper argues that China should also introduce twin peaks regulation, but it is rather based on the resources of risk in its financial sector than the direct GFC challenge. In theory, the core arguments focus on the structure of agencies responsible for prudential regulation and the role played by the central bank as well. The Twin-Peak model has been further examined in terms of regulatory objectives and instruments. By method, this paper is a country-specific comparative study; Australia, the Netherlands and the UK are selected to represent different Twin-Peak models. This paper contributes to the relevant literature in two main aspects. First, it has displayed the principal pattern of the Twin-Peak model after detailing the case studies, including the relationship involving in two regulators, central bank and finance minister in particular. Based on this, second, it becomes possible to design a very specific model to reform China’s current sector-based financial monitoring regime. As far as the author knows, until end-2015, this is the first paper which has proposed such a particular model to China. It is argued that the appropriate institutional structure of market regulation should fit well in with a country’s financial market. Accordingly, the Twin-Peak model will be able to balance the regulatory tasks for the over-concentrated risk in China’s large banking sector but the underdeveloped securities market. Even though, regulatory independence will continue to be challenged.