10 The European Communities
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Asif H. Qureshi
Abstract
This chapter focuses less on European Communities (EC) trade policies and practices than on the challenges the EC poses in the implementation of the World Trade Organization (WTO)code. The European Union is undergoing a process of internal economic integration. Its external trade relations are also dynamic, and have an impact on its internal structure. The enforcement standpoint has an 'institutional' concern. This is in terms of the efficacy of the GATT/WTO instruments of implementation; in the trade-related institutional framework of the entity under review; and in the general relationship and responsiveness of the trade policies and practices with the WTO framework. The EC has passed legislation to implement the results of the Uruguay Round, effective as of January 1995. The 1991 Report by the GATT Secretariat gives a picture of the pattern of EC external as well as internal trade, including an appraisal of EC trade product-wise.
Abstract
This chapter focuses less on European Communities (EC) trade policies and practices than on the challenges the EC poses in the implementation of the World Trade Organization (WTO)code. The European Union is undergoing a process of internal economic integration. Its external trade relations are also dynamic, and have an impact on its internal structure. The enforcement standpoint has an 'institutional' concern. This is in terms of the efficacy of the GATT/WTO instruments of implementation; in the trade-related institutional framework of the entity under review; and in the general relationship and responsiveness of the trade policies and practices with the WTO framework. The EC has passed legislation to implement the results of the Uruguay Round, effective as of January 1995. The 1991 Report by the GATT Secretariat gives a picture of the pattern of EC external as well as internal trade, including an appraisal of EC trade product-wise.
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- Series editor’s foreword vi
- Foreword vii
- Preface viii
- Acknowledgements x
- Abbreviations xi
- I The framework of the international trading system 1
- 1 Institutional aspects of the World Trade Organization 3
- 2 The WTO code 8
- II Implementing international trade norms – generally 47
- 3 Techniques of implementation – theory 49
- 4 Implementing the WTO code – generally 65
- 5 Dispute settlement 97
- 6 The Trade Policy Review Mechanism 108
- 7 Pre-conditions 126
- III Implementing international trade norms – specifically 135
- 8 Developing countries 137
- 9 Trade ‘blocs’ 148
- 10 The European Communities 164
- IV Appendix 193
- Selected extracts from The Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations; Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the WTO; GATT 1994; GATS; Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes 196
- Select bibliography 248
- Index 252
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- Series editor’s foreword vi
- Foreword vii
- Preface viii
- Acknowledgements x
- Abbreviations xi
- I The framework of the international trading system 1
- 1 Institutional aspects of the World Trade Organization 3
- 2 The WTO code 8
- II Implementing international trade norms – generally 47
- 3 Techniques of implementation – theory 49
- 4 Implementing the WTO code – generally 65
- 5 Dispute settlement 97
- 6 The Trade Policy Review Mechanism 108
- 7 Pre-conditions 126
- III Implementing international trade norms – specifically 135
- 8 Developing countries 137
- 9 Trade ‘blocs’ 148
- 10 The European Communities 164
- IV Appendix 193
- Selected extracts from The Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations; Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the WTO; GATT 1994; GATS; Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes 196
- Select bibliography 248
- Index 252
