9. Instruments of Commerce and Knowledge: Probe Microscopy, 1980–2000

Kapitel in diesem Buch

1. Frontmatter i
2. National Bureau of Economic Research v
3. Relation of the Directors to the Work and Publications of the National Bureau of Economic Research vi
4. Contents vii
5. Acknowledgments ix
6. Introduction 1
7. I. Supply of Students and Postdoctoral Fellows to Science and Engineering
8. 1. Supporting “The Best and Brightest” in Science and Engineering: NSF Graduate Research Fellowships 19
9. 2. Internationalization of U.S. Doctorate Education 59
10. 3. Improving the Postdoctoral Experience: An Empirical Approach 99
11. II. Careers in Changing Markets
12. 4. Immigration in High-Skill Labor Markets: The Impact of Foreign Students on the Earnings of Doctorates 131
13. 5. Does Science Promote Women? Evidence from Academia 1973–2001 163
14. 6. Patterns of Male and Female Scientific Dissemination in Public and Private Science 195
15. 7. Educational Mismatch among Ph.D.s: Determinants and Consequences 229
16. 8. Capturing Knowledge: The Location Decision of New Ph.D.s Working in Industry 257
17. III. Creation and Use of Knowledge
18. 9. Instruments of Commerce and Knowledge: Probe Microscopy, 1980–2000 291
19. 10. International Knowledge Flows: Evidence from an Inventor-Firm Matched Data Set 321
20. 11. The Growing Allocative Inefficiency of the U.S. Higher Education Sector 349
21. Contributors 383
22. Author Index 385
23. Subject Index 389